1、课堂导学基础巩固一、词汇详解1.witness n.目击者;证人;证据 v.当场见到;目击【典型例句】Is there any witness who can prove you were not on the spot when the accident happened? 有没有证人证明当事故发生时你不在现场?An witness said it was all because of the driver who was drunken that caused the accident.一个证人说全是由于司机喝醉了，才导致了这次事故。Her blush witnessed her conf
2、usion.她的脸红证明她惶惑不安。The two servants witnessed his will.这两个佣人在他的遗嘱上签名作证。She witnessed to his innocence.她证明他无罪。【要点归纳】witness to sth.(在法庭等上)作证【相关链接】call.to witness请证明，传作证人give witness on behalf of sb.为某人作证in witness of作为的证明,为作证2.yell vi.&n.大叫;呼喊;叫声;喊声【典型例句】He yelled with pain.他痛得直叫。She yelled a warning
3、to us.她大声警告我们。They simply yelled at his jokes.他们只为他的笑话而暴笑如雷。He made a yell of pain (fear).他发出痛苦（惧怕）的尖叫声。He is the yell leader.他是啦啦队长。【相关链接】yell/call/shout/scream/cryyell多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫，也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音；call指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意；shout指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发出命令或唤起注意等；scream指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声；cry一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。3
4、.flee vt.&vi.逃跑;逃避;逃离【典型例句】The robbers fled when they saw the police.强盗看见警察便逃跑了。He was lucky to flee the burning hotel.他很幸运逃出了失火的旅馆。【相关链接】flee/escape这两个词均有“逃跑”的意思。escape 强调“逃”的结果,“逃脱,未被逮住”。如escape without harm,escape police searches;flee 指“逃”的动作，不强调结果是否成功,尤指遇到危险、威胁时的逃跑。例如:The captives were fleeing i
5、n all directions,but most of them failed to escape.俘虏四下逃窜，但大多数人没能逃掉。4.drag vi.拖;拉;扯【典型例句】The battle dragged and the rainy season set in.战争拖延着,雨季却来临了。They had to drag heavy loads.他们不得不拖很重的东西。The thief was dragged out of his hiding place.那个小偷被人从隐藏的地方拖了出来。【相关链接】pull/draw/dragpull“拉”,普通用词，指“用力拉”，当不强调力的大
6、小时.与push相对。例如:Help me move the piano over here;you push and I will pull.帮我把钢琴搬过来,你用力推,我来拉。draw与pull意思相近,不问力度强度如何,通常指“拖、拉”的动作，比pull更均匀、平稳,从容。例如:After some time,he began to draw the net in.过了一些时候，他开始收网。drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”笨重的东西，含“费力和用劲”之意。例如:We dragged the fallen tree clear of the road.我们把倒下的树从路上拖走。5.aban
7、don vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃【典型例句】The driver abandoned his car in the snow.司机把汽车抛在雪地里。The man abandoned his wife and child.这个人遗弃他的妻子和孩子。They had abandoned all hope.他们放弃了一切希望。He finally abandoned his reformism ideas.他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。【相关链接】(1)abandon oneself to沉缅于,陷入。例如:They abandon themselves to drinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。D
8、o not abandon yourself to despair.不要悲观失望。(2)abandoned adj.被抛弃的,自甘堕落的,没有约束的,放荡的。例如:There was an abandoned house by the riverside.河边有一所无人居住的房子。He lives an abandoned life.他过着放荡的生活。（3）abandon/desert辨析：abandon是指完全、永远的抛弃,既可指物,也可指人,尤指对之负有责任或义务者。例如:She abandoned her child.她遗弃了她的孩子。desert强调故意地违背自己的义务、责任、誓言等。
9、例如:The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.那个士兵叛国助敌。6.rent vi.&vt. 出租;租用n.租金【典型例句】They rented a cabin for their vacation.他们为度假租了一间小屋。This farm rents for $1500 a year.这个农场以每年1500美金出租。The rent for the apartment is $80 a month.那套公寓的租金为每月80美元。【相关链接】rent/hirehire和rent用作动词,一般都有“租用”“租借”的意思。其实
10、这两个词的含义和使用场合是不同的。hire也可表示“雇用”,而rent则不可。现把hire和rent分辨如下:(1)hire可用于人或物。例如:They hired a truck to dispose of the junk.他们租用一辆货车搬走杂物。She has hired a domestic helper to do the housework.她雇用了一名家务助理打理家务。（2）但rent只可用于物件(尤其建筑物类)。例如:The holiday-makers rented a jeep for their journey.那些度假人士租用一辆吉普车去旅行。(3)用于静物时，两个词
11、一般都有特定用法:hire指较小型工具。如 clothing，fishing tools，musical instruments，computer，machine；rent指房屋(或部分)或较大型工具。如 house，flat，room，auditorium，hall，stall，a computer system，machine。例如:The picnickers hired some warm clothes for a trip up the mountain top.旅行人为登山顶而租用一些保暖衣服。The singer rented an auditorium for a conce
12、rt.那位歌星租了一所礼堂举行演唱会。指交通工具时(如car，bicycle，taxi，boat) hire和rent同时可用。惟一的分别是rent指的是较长期的租用，而且较偏重租金方面。例如：We hire a taxi downtown.我们乘出租车入市区。We rent a car for the long journey.我们租车做长途旅行。另外，hire作“雇用”讲时与employ同义，但用法稍有不同。hire是一般用法，指普通的雇用。如hire a servant,hire a domestic helper,hire a temporary teacher,hire some s
13、ubstitute staff等。employ是较正式的用语，一般指大公司聘用职员。如employ a teacher,employ a clerk,employ a manager等。7.reflect vt. 映射;反射vi.&vt.思考【典型例句】The glass reflected her face.玻璃杯映出了她的脸。She reflected that this was her last chance.她考虑到这是她最后一次机会了。【相关链接】(1)reflection n.反映;反射;表现;沉思。例如:After a minutes reflection,he answered
14、.他沉思片刻后才回答。（2）consider/reflect辨析：consider是个广义词，包括了推理，用抽象的概念思考和对未来的思考。例如：I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。reflect表示以沉思的方式回顾、回想发生过的事情，常与on连用。例如:He sometimes reflected on the changes that had taken place in the world since his youth.自从他年轻的时候，他就经常思考世上发生的变化。8.aware adj.意识到的;知道的【典型例句】I am well aware
15、that this is a tough job.我深知这是一件棘手的工作。How can you make a fool aware that he is a fool?你怎么能够使一个傻瓜知道他是个傻瓜?He was (became) aware of the danger.他知道 (注意到) 危险。【要点归纳】be(become) aware of知道,意识到9.scare vt.&vi.恐吓;受惊吓【典型例句】They are scared that the ship might be wrecked.他们怕船失事。My mother is scared to fly in a pla
16、ne.我母亲怕搭飞机。He was horribly scared.他惊恐万状。The thunder scared the children.雷声吓着了孩子。She was scared out of her wits.她被吓得不知所措。The watchdog scared away the thief by barking.看门狗大声吠叫吓走了窃贼。【相关链接】(1)scared adj.惊恐的;恐惧的scare n. 惊恐，恐惧(2)be more scared than hurt自找烦恼;虚惊be scared of害怕be scared stiff (hollow)被吓坏,被吓呆s
17、care away (off) 把吓跑scare into (out of) doing吓得做(不敢做)某事scare out把(猎物从隐蔽处)吓出来;喻用恐吓(逼供)方式使招认10.help out帮助(摆脱困境或危难)【典型例句】There was only a young girl to help out in the kitchen.厨房里只有一个年轻的女孩在帮忙。Ive often helped Bob out when hes short of money.鲍勃手头拮据时,我常常资助他。They helped us out a lot during those difficult
18、months.在那些困难的月份里他们帮了我们很多忙。单项选择(1)The worker _to having seen the accused near the scene of the crime.A.witnessedB.saidC.insistedD.doubted答案：a（2）The woman would like to come to the court in_of his making no crimes.A.clearB.faceC.supportD.witness答案：d选词填空yellcallshoutscreamcry(1)I can hear you all right
19、;you neednt _.(2)He _ over his wifes death.(3)“Tom,where are you?” she _.(4)The child bumped into a table and started _.(5)He _ to me from the other side of the street.(6)We _ together for our team.答案：(1)shout(2)cried(3)cried(4)screaming(5)called(6)yelled选词填空fleeesape(1)Along with thousands of other
20、s,he _ the country.(2)Water _ rapidly from the drainpipe.(3)He _ the kidnappers and phoned the police.(4)The hotel guests tried their best to _ from the burning building.(5)The cat _ from the dog.答案：(1)fled(2)escaped(3)fled(4)escape(5)fled选词填空pulldragdraw(1)He _ himself along the street.(2)Mother_ m
21、e by the hand.(3)Out of the package he _ a paper and gave it to my father.(4) _the door open.Dont push it.(5)The cat was _ its broken leg.(6)I spent a whole day_ weeds.(7)She always _behind.(8)In a tug-of-war,the com-petitors _ as hard as they can.答案：(1)dragged(2)pulled(3)drew(4)Pull(5)dragging(6)pu
22、lling(7)drags(8)pull单项选择(1)When the train started,we_the games.A.abandonedB.gave upC.desertedD.left up答案：A（2）Because of the misty weather,we had to_all the touringplan.A.leftB.desertedC.abandonedD.put up答案：C（3）Experts say an _boy has the tendency of committing crimes.A.leftB.escapedC.punishedD.aband
23、oned答案：D（4）Fearing further attacks,most of the population had _the city.A.abandonedB.ran awayC.escapedD.destroyed答案：A选词填空renthire(1)In the busiest season,my father often _ two or three people to help him with the harvest.(2)Tonny had to _ a small house in the suburb.(3)The computer was not_ ,but bou
24、ght.(4)These days,Tom was _ by a small company to be a bellman.(5)Its a fashion that a touringgroup _ a plane nowadays.答案：(1)hires(2)rent(3)rented(4)hired(5)hired/rented单项选择（6）How much would it cost me to_ a two-room flat?A.rentB.hireC.borrowD.offer答案：A（7）_ is the rent of the house?One hundred dolla
25、rs,including electric and water fares.A.How muchB.WhatC.How manyD.What about答案：B（8）The company has_three thousand workers altogether.A.rentedB.hiredC.employedD.adapted答案：C（9）The old lady makes her living by_her houses out.A.lendingB.rentingC.hiringD.taking答案：B单项选择（1）She looked at her face _in the mi
26、rror and began to admire it.A.reflectingB.reflectedC.appearingD.appeared答案：B（2）What he said makes me into _on my childhood memories.A.reflectionsB.considerationsC.thoughtsD.collection答案：A单项选择Children are not _of the fact that life is hard.A.awareB.awakeC.ideaD.known答案：A翻译句子(1)我一想到下星期要考试就很紧张。_答案：The
27、thought of my exams next week scares me stiff.(2)他动不动就害怕。_答案：He scares easily.(3)我们要把她吓得不敢报警。_答案：Well scare her out of telling the police.单项选择（4）The rumor that the tigers were found in the Mount Tai made visitors there _.A.scaringB.scaredC.fearedD.terrifying答案：B单项选择Do you work here?No,Im _ out here until a new secretary comes.A.workingB.makingC.helpingD.assisting答案：C