1、辽宁铁岭市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（12）及答案 【专题一 事实细节】细节题的不同类型1.直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技 巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。 He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员） from Baltimore During Bill Clintons presidency, he
2、 wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections Edmonds returned to Morgan State Univ
3、ersity as the schools special assistant to the president for 2001-2002. (2009陕西)46. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as _. A. news secretary for a congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala 2.间接信息题
4、 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。例如：Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551-479B.C), and Socrates (469-399B.C)lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world
5、 that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies. (2010江西)Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A. Socrates and Confucious had much in common.B. Confucious had much influence on Socrates ideas.C. The so
6、cieties were influenced by the philosophers ideas.D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece 3.数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 例如：（2010江苏） BORDERCROSSI
7、NGSWhile there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring across the border, you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than $10.000.PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS（免税）ON PURCHASESAMERICANS RETURNING TO THE USLess than 48 hours: $ 200 US48 hours or
8、 more: $ 800 US duty-free personal exemption. next $ 1.000 US at 3% Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes.CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADALess than 24 hours: $ 50 CAN48 hours or more: $ 400 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.7 days or more: $ 750 CAN Including up to 100 cigars an
9、d 200 cigarettes.DOCUMENTATION NEEDED FORBORDER CROSSINGLAND OR SEA TO THE US(INCLUDING FERRIES)A valid passport or passport card, or a NEXUS card.(A NEXUS card is a Trusted Traveler Program that provides quick travel forpre-approved, low risk travelers through special lanes.)A recent Washington Sta
10、te, New York or BC drivers license.Note: Children 15 years of age and younger require only a birth certificate orcopy.(Certified copies are not required but are advised.)AIR TRAVEL TO THE USA valid passport, an Air NEXUS card, or a U.S. Coast Guard MerchantMarine Document.64.If a Canadian who is on
11、a 7-day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods, how much should he pay tax on when returning home?A. $ 800 CAN B. $750 CAN C.$ 400 CAN D. $ 50 CAN65.For an American citizen on a 2-day tour of Canada, how much tax does he have to pay on $ 1.600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US?A
12、. $ 24 US B. $ 48 US C. $52 US D. $ 200 US4.排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。5.图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 总之，做英语阅读理
13、解时，考生一定要每道题目都返回原文，这是解任何题目的基础，很多考生阅读得不了高分得最重要原因就是不返回原文定位。我们把选项和原文重叠，记住“本本主义”，即与原文意思接近的，差不多的为正确答案，与原文意思相反的，或者只要是文中未提及的都是错的。*结束第四部分：任务型阅读 (满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。I used to be the messiest person aliveOver the years, through watching others and by trial and error, I h
14、ave finally found ways to come up with plans, organize them and follow through with themMake an outline of everything you need to have and do to make your plan happenMake a list of all of the steps that need to be accomplished and think about what needs to be doneDetail everything thoroughly and rea
15、d over it so you can start coming up with some mental solutions of how to carry out your plansYou should ensure that if for some reason way one doesnt work, you have way two and way three to lean back onTherefore, different ways are needed at handIts just a matter of being organizedChances are that
16、there is always more than one way of doing things, and chances are that if one of those ways doesnt work, one of the other ones willCommitting yourself to finishing at least part if not all of your plan at once is also necessaryIt will show that you not only have initiative to get things rolling, bu
17、t that you are interested in the results obtained with making the move to get everything doneIf you make a commitment to finish before a specific time, make sure that you carry that out, and be sure to do everything in the way you said you would, within the time-frame you set for yourselfDont try to
18、 tackle （处理）more things all at a timeAll that does is delay your progress, distract you and make you lose your interest, motivation and energyCarrying out an effective plan requires being as organized as possibleYou will only achieve this by sticking to the order of the plan and not deviating or try
19、ing to do more at a timeLast but not the least, you should never abandon things mid-projectIt will only annoy everyone around you including yourselfUnfinished plans are a waste of time, energy and, in some cases, even money So, dont be afraid of organizationThe older we get, the more necessary it be
20、comes to have the skills to follow through with confidence and to be able to carry through plans in an organized and manageable wayIt pays to be organized, after allTitle: Tips on how to be （1）_ in your lifeTipsDetails（2）_（3） _ down your planList everything you needList （4） _ you will followTo make
21、your plan happen Prepare three （5） _ ways to carry out your planTo （6） _ that you can have some other choices when one way doesnt work（7） _ to finish at least part of your plan if not allDo everything （8） _ your own time-frameTo show yourself you are determined to get things started and caring about
22、 the resultsDo one thing at onceStick to the order of your planTo save your interest, motivation and energyFinish what you have startedTo get your plan （9） _out thoroughly（10） _You shouldnt be afraid of organization because its really worthwhile【参考答案】1organized2Purposes3Write4steps5different6ensure7
23、Promise8within9carried10Conclusion*结束高考任务型阅读解题技巧高考考点分析 概括大意型阅读最早由上海使用，2010年陕西省也开始引用该题型。该题型是由六个选项和五个段落构成。需要判断段落主题的5个段落。通常段落长度在45行之间。指定的段落中有些段落含有明显的主题句，有些段落没有明显的主题句 段落主题需要考生自己总结概括。解题技巧一、 解题方向该题型的文章由若干段落组成，要求给每段话归纳段落大意，意即找出该段的中心思想或主旨。本题不是让考生写出每段的段落大意，而是要求从列表中选择。选项设置的数目多于文章中的段落数目，也就是说有干扰选项。对于短文进行概括是一个获取
24、信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达。因此，“概括短文的内容要点”实为客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。二、解题步骤 每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的段落大意不可能是一个选项。这是因为不同段落的主题肯定不同，原文将它们为不同的段落，就是要分别说明不同的内容。在解题时，可以按照下列步骤：1. 先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落这样做题的好处有两点：(1)寻找选项关键词，它有可能与某段的核心词重合，如果重合，那该选项就可能是正确答案。 (2)读文章的时候，不要一下子把文章读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假如原文的第一段的小标题已找到，那么，
25、先读第二段，然后到选项列表中找该段的小标题。然后再读第三段，同样处理，直到完成。这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。2.细读每段话，抓主题句和核心词汇 由于正确答案常常是主题句的改写，读每段话时，并不是该段话全部都要细读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对比，确定正确答案。正确答案一般是该句话的改写。据统计我们发现主题句分布比例如下：段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50；段落的主题句在第二句的可能性超过20；段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20；也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找
26、出该段话的小标题，这种可能性超过50。整段话读完的可能性不超过10.这个做题的方法不仅有统计数据的依据，还有理论基础。英文的段落展开方法比较简单，主要有两种：演绎法及归纳法。凡主题句在第一句或第二句，都是演绎法。归纳法是指由例子及论据观点，所以主题句在该段的最后一句。70左右的段落是用演绎法写的，而且其中绝大部分主题句在第一句。20左右的段落是用归纳法写的。介绍这种抓主题句的方法，就是首先认为段落是用演绎法写的，而且主题句在第一句，按照第一句的意思，在列表中确定答案。如果选项列表中有一项与这句话的意思相同，即可认为是正确答案。如果不能确定再一次读该段的第二句和最后一句，再与列表中的选项一一对比
27、确定答案。实践证明这种方法不仅节省时间，而且正确率很高。3.某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从列表中划去每个选项最多只能用一次，所以，一段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从列表中划去，以免误选为其它段落的小标题。而且在选其它段落的答案时，可以不看该选项，以节省时间。4.如果答案不确定，先将可能正确的选项全部选出如果一个段落原答案不确定，应将它们先都选出来，写在题目旁边，再往下做。这样做的好处是，下面某一段落的答案确定后，便能推出上面段落的答案来。因此不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。例如：第二段答案可能是D或B，但是你能够确定第四段的答案时D，所以第二段的答案就是B了。即使第二段后面各段的Headin
28、g都不是D或B最后在确定第二段的Heading时，也是从D和B中选择一个。5.干扰选项的特点是段落中未展开详细的说明 作为干扰选项出现的常常是段落中提到的细节，但我们要找的是段落主旨。这更说明了做这种题要抓住段落的主题句。而不是整个段落全看。否则，特别容易受到干扰选项的误导。6.如果主题句比较复杂（如复合句），应该重点看主句部分有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。*结束任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题
29、号的横线上。Many students eat their breakfasts on the way to school or in the dinning-room. But some of them dont really know how to eat well when eating out.Here is some important advice. The first is to eat less fast food. The most obvious harm of eating too much fast food is weight gaining because of t
30、oo much fat. Young people and adults are at risk of disease related to weight.Too much fast food can drag your body down. French fries, for example, were recently found to contain much more acryl amide (丙烯酰胺) than other food. This may cause cancer. Actually, deep fried food all contains acryl amide.
31、 So dont eat it too often.Soda is another thing you should watch out for. Cokes and other sodas contain a lot of sugar and can slow down a persons calcium absorption, so its best to drink as little soda as possible.Food in the dinning-room may not be as tasty as fast food, but its actually easier to
32、 make healthy choices. Human bodies need variety. You can have a dinner that balances lean proteins, vitamins and complex carbohydrates (碳水化合物). In other words, a meal with fish or meat, vegetables and some bread or rice will provide you with most nutrients that the body needs.Some snacks, on the ot
33、her hand, will help keep you going until your next big meal. It is natural for teenagers, especially boys, to feel hungry during school time. Dont forget to take some foods, like whole-grain biscuits or low-fat milk in your school bag.Title: Advice on 76. _AdviceFoodContents77. _KindEat less fast fo
34、odFrench fries and other deep 78. _ foodtoo much 79. _ Acryl amidecause weight gaining cause 80. _unhealthy food81. _less sodasodaslots of sugarslow down 82. _ absorptionunhealthy foodEat in din-ning-roomfish or meat, vegetables and some bread or ricelean proteins, vitamins And complex 83. _provide most nutrients that the body needs84. _ foodTake some 85. _whole-grain biscuits orlow-fat milknot mentionedkeep you going until next big mealhealthy food参考答案76. Breakfast 77. Effect 78. fried79. fat 80. cancer 81. Drink82. calcium 83. carbohydrates 84. healthy 85. snacks*结束