1、辽宁辽阳县2016高考英语阅读理解(二轮)选练（2）及答案社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2012浙江瑞安高三五月模拟)改编When Chinese student Du Juan brought her American boyfriend home two years ago to use the toilet,her Japanese roommate became so upset that she shouted in English: “I hate you.”Du,then 21 and an undergraduate at Bridgewater State College in
2、Massachusetts,was shocked.So was her boyfriend.“Later I realized that she didnt literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word hatein English,” said Du.“It was more a problem with translation,” she added.Cultural differences can cause confusion about what wor
3、ds or even actions mean,an issue that has come to the forefront recently following the arrest of a Chinese doctoral degree student in New Jersey.Zhai Tiantian,who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology,has been accused of trying to set fire to a campus building and of making threats to a pro
4、fessor who gave him a low mark.No physical altercation took place but Zhai reportedly said something along the lines of “at worst,I will risk anything on the line.” The professor called the campus police.According to the indictment sheet(起诉书),Zhai is facing the serious charge of making a terroristic
5、 threat.For a few days,Chinese media mistranslated,or misunderstood the charges and reported that Zhai was being charged with terrorism.Some language experts have speculated(推测)that the disagreement between Zhai and the professor can also be chalked up to cultural and linguistic differences.“What Ch
6、inese people regard as acceptable speeches may be regarded by Americans as threats,” said Luo Gang,the Chinese Consulates Overseas Chinese Affairs consul.“This is an unfortunate incident.Even though Zhai intended no harm,he has done himself a great deal of harm.”Du,now 23,said she supports Zhais act
7、ions in fighting to save his academic career,but added he needs to learn more about communication in a foreign language.“Chinese students in a foreign country must prepare more in terms of languages and conversation skills to avoid misunderstandings,” she said.1.What does the underlined word “alterc
8、ation” mean?()A.fightB.checkC.educationD.experiment2.By saying “It was more a problem with translation”,what does Du Juan mean?()A.Translation was not the real problem,as Du Juan and her roommate can both speak English.B.Du Juan can not understand what her roommate meant at all.C.Her roommate didnt
9、know what “hate”really means in daily conversation.D.Her roommate spoke such poor English that she felt angry.3.Which of the following statements about Zhai Tiantian is true?()A.He set fire to a campus building.B.He argued with a professor because he received a low mark.C.He has received a doctors d
10、egree at the Stevens Institute of Technology.D.He is facing a serious charge because he murdered the professor.4.What is the main idea of the passage?()A.Du Juans unpleasant experience abroad.B.Confusion caused by translation.C.Conversational skills in a foreign country.D.Cultural differences betwee
11、n China and America.语篇解读:文化差异会给身在国外的中国人带来很多不便,甚至麻烦和危险,所以出国求学的中国学生在出国前一定要多了解一下中外之间的文化差异。答案及剖析:1.A词义猜测题。由第五段的描述可知,翟田田虽然没有和老师发生身体的冲突,但是他说了老师认为具有威胁性的话,故A项正确。2.C句意猜测题。由第三段的.she didnt literally mean what she said and that she was not aware of the full meaning of the word hatein English可知,那位日本姑娘没有意识到hate在英
12、语中的真正含义,故选C项。3.B细节理解题。由第五段的.making threats to a professor who gave him a low mark可知B项正确。由第五段的.trying to set fire to a campus building可排除A项;由第五段的.who studied at the Stevens Institute of Technology可排除C项;由第五段的No physical altercation took place.可排除D项。4.B主旨大意题。全文用几个例子表明了由于文化差异而导致的语言翻译的混乱和麻烦,故选B项。【疑难词汇解读】
13、1.undergraduate n.(未获学士学位的)大学生 adj.大学生(身份)的Most of them are still undergraduate students.他们大多还是在读的大学生。2.terroristic adj.恐怖主义的,暴力主义的Subway is faced with the terroristic threat of various forms.地铁面临着多种形式的恐怖威胁。【长难句子分析】 翟田田,就读于史蒂文思理工学院,被指控试图放火烧校园大楼和威胁给他低分的教授。人物传记型阅读理解(二)Grace Kane hangs onto an Olympic
14、dream of clinging to a granite (花岗岩) wall by her fingertips 70 feet from the ground.The fearless girl is only 10, but already has scaled great heights in the sport of rock climbing.Last week, Kane won a bronze in the 11andyounger sport class at the USA Climbing Youth National Championships in Atlant
15、a.She was the only competitor of the 31 there with no climbing coach or topflight facilities in which to train.Climbing will become an exhibition at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics in Brazil.The hope of enthusiasts is that the sport will gain full status in 2020.“Im already training for that，” said
16、Kane.“Climbing is my passion, my love, and I want to make something of it.”Her dad took her to climb rocks on her fourth birthday for the first time and today he cant keep up with her.“Its the freedom to let loose，” she said.“When Im up there, Im so focused and dont hear anything.I always feel comfo
17、rted knowing people are supporting me.”The bronze in Atlanta qualified Kane for the USA team and Novembers International Championships in Ecuador.Thats a trip she might have to miss because its too expensive.Kane held a backyard music concertshe played the guitar and the piano and wrote inspirationa
18、l songsand raised $600 for her $1,500 trip to Atlanta.Shes also beensponsored by a shoe company, but must rely heavily on donations from family and friends for travel expenses.Her mom Heather Kane said the family has chosen “to do whatever we need to help her achieve her goals”One of Graces biggest
19、challenges is finding balance in her life.Theres school, her music and church to fit around climbing.“Climbing is going to mean sacrificing things other kids might pursue，” Grace said.“But it doesnt bother me.Its like playing the piano; you cant take a break or youll lose your touch.” ()1.What would
20、 be the best title of the passage?ARock climbing gains popularityBGrace Kane likes challengesCA young climber follows her dreamDAn amazing victory for a young rock climber()2.We can learn from the second paragraph that rock climbing _.Ais not an exhibition at the Olympics nowBis an official event at
21、 the Olympics nowCis not open to childrenDwill gain full status in 2020 ()3.Which of the following is TRUE about Grace Kane?AShe is only interested in rock climbing.BShe is a girl with many talents.CRock climbing has affected her study.DShe has won gold medals in several matches.()4.One of Graces bi
22、ggest challenges is to _.Afind a capable coach for herBget qualified for the USA teamCraise enough money for International competitionsDkeep balance between rock climbing and other activities ()5.What do we know about Grace Kanes parents?AThey are quite concerned about her studies.BThey regretted al
23、lowing her to try rock climbing.CThey will fully support their daughters pursuit.DThey can fully afford her expenses in her competitions.【解析】1C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一个十岁的攀岩女孩，为了自己的爱好和梦想在奋斗。故选C。2A细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，到2016年巴西里约热内卢奥运会上攀岩才会成为表演项目，所以它现在还不是一个正式项目。3B推理判断题。从文章倒数第三段可知，Grace Kane多才多艺。4D细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知，Gra
24、ce Kane面临的最大挑战之一是如何在攀岩和学习以及其他爱好之间寻找平衡。5C细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段Her mom Heather Kane said the family has chosen “to do whatever we need to help her achieve her goals”可知应选C项。故事记叙型阅读理解 专题导读故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握
25、人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。阅读时应特别注意：(1)一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；(2) 哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；(3)逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。真题典例【2011江西卷】The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (18501928)After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful a
26、ttempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871.In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”， almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.Returning to London, Howard deve
27、loped his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing_on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.The nineteenthcentury poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities.At the same time, the British c
28、ountryside was in fact equally unattractive：though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression (萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life.Howards idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city.
29、Howards idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues
30、and connecting industries.They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions.As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limitHoward suggested 32,000 people; then, an
31、other would be started a short distance away.Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation syste
32、m, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.()1.How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?AThrough his observation of the country life.BThrough the combination of different ideas.CBy taking other peoples advice.DBy using the nickname of the reconst
33、ructed Chicago.()2.The underlined phrase “drawing on” in Paragraph 1 probably means _.Amaking use ofBmaking comments onCgiving an explanation ofDgiving a description of()3.According to Howard, garden cities should be built _.Aas far as possible from existing citiesBin the countryside where the land
34、was cheapCin the countryside where agriculture was developedDnear cities where employment opportunities already existed()4.What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?ATheir number would continue to rise.BEach one would continue to become larger.CPeople would live and work in the s
35、ame place.DEach one would contain a certain type of business.()5.What could be the best title for the passage?ACity and CountrysideBThe Invention of the Garden CityCA New City in ChicagoDA Famous Garden City in England【解析】本文为记叙文，叙述了花园城市的起源和发展情况。Ebenezer Howard受“花园城市”的启发，后来返回伦敦，在乡村引用了这个名称作为他新建花园城市的名称
36、。后来不断扩大，并有了各种各样的同大城市里一样的服务设施。 1D细节理解题。从第一段信息句it was nicknamed“the Garden City”，almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.得知。2A词义猜测题。联系前后文理解，Howard回到伦敦后，利用了当时很流行的思想形成了比较独特的各种思想相结合的设计。这里是“利用”的意思。3B细节理解题。从第二段的最后一句理解到“Howard的想法是一群人建立一个公司，在远离大城市土地非常廉价的乡下借钱建一个花园城市。”故答案选B。4A推理判断题。从最后一段段意“随着这些花园城市的建立，越来越多的人迁入花园城市，没有办法限制，后来各个花园城市彼此相连，各种服务都像大城市一样”。这表明花园城市的数目在不断增长。5B主旨大意题。全文介绍了花园城市的名称来源以及它的发展情况，故B符合题意。