1、专题二需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词第一讲名词单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.解析：考查词性转换。此处是“be of名词”结构，be of interest to sb.意为“对某人有吸引力”。答案：interest2(2020高考全国卷)Chinese New Year is a (cele
2、brate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.解析：考查词性转换。由空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词。答案：celebration3(2020新高考全国卷)Also，technological knowhow has become a (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world，as the computer has become a common tool in most (profession)解析：考查词性转换。句意：此
3、外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。考查名词的单复数。名词profession为可数名词，根据由前面的most修饰可知用复数。故填professions。答案：requirementprofessions单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 解析：考查名词的单复数。此处表示用筷子快速搅拌。ch
4、opstick为可数名词，故此处需用其复数形式。答案：chopstickchopsticks2(2020高考全国卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：幸运的是，两周后我要回家过暑假。summer vacation暑假，故把vacations改为vacation。答案：vacationsvacation名词的单复数1名词复数的规则变化规则例词一般在词尾直接加sbooks，horses，beds，pages以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，多数情况下在词尾加esglasses，boxes
5、，brushes，watches(例外：stomachstomachs)以辅音字母y结尾的名词，需把y变为i再加escities，countries，factories，families，stories，parties以元音字母y结尾的名词，直接加sholidays，monkeys以o结尾的名词加sradios，pianos，photos，zoos加espotatoes，tomatoes以o结尾的部分名词的复数形式有两种，既可加s也可加eszeros/zeroesvolcanos/volcanoes以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe变成v，再加eshalfhalves，knifeknives，le
6、afleaves，thiefthieves，wifewives，wolfwolves直接加sroofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs2.名词复数的不规则变化(1)单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means(方式，方法)，series，species，works (工厂)(2)单数形式复数意义：people，police，cattle(3)复数形式单数意义：news，physics，politics，maths(4)合成名词的复数：passerbypassersby，lookeronlookerson，grownupgrownups，standbyst
7、andbys(5)词形变化：manmen，womanwomen，childchildren，toothteeth，footfeet，mousemice，oxoxen(6)名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如woman doctorwomen doctors特别提醒有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式。如thanks，clothes，congratulations，shoes，trousers，glasses (眼镜)等。不可数名词1常见的不可数名词information信息；advice忠告，建议；progress进步，进展；knowle
8、dge知识；weather天气；fun乐趣，快乐；equipment设备；furniture 家具；wealth财富； traffic交通，车辆及行人；baggage/luggage行李；work工作；homework家庭作业；housework家务；tea茶；water水；beer啤酒；cake蛋糕；milk牛奶等。2抽象名词的具体化(1) 表示抽象的特征、状态、行为的一场、一次、一种及“多种”“多场”等a big fire，a heavy rain，a strong wind，a thick fog，have a look，make an apology，take a deep breat
9、h，live a(n).life，have a good time，a wonderful lunch，a need，a discovery，a love，a collection of，a history of，a population of，an area of，an understanding of等。He made an apology to me for what he had done.他为自己的所作所为向我道歉。 (2)表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。He is a failure
10、as a doctor.作为一名医生他是一位失败者。(3)有些物质名词可以具体化为可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料；coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡；ice冰two ices两份冰激凌；tea 茶two teas两杯茶形不同，意各异 名词所有格1有生命的名词的3种所有格情况构成示例不以 s结尾的名词加sMarys emailchildrens books以s结尾的复数名词加the girls dormitory the teachers reading room以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词加或sour boss officeEngelss works2.无生命的名词的
11、2种所有格(1)通常用of所有格表示The capital of Peru is Lima，which is in the west on the coast.秘鲁的首都是利马，位于西部沿海地区。(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用s所有格表示Beijings parks北京的公园the factorys output工厂的产量3双重所有格双重所有格的构成形式：名词of名词的所有格/名词of名词性物主代词。He is a friend of my fathers.他是我父亲的一个朋友。名词的固定搭配1有些固定短语要求用名词复数形式make preparations for
12、 为做准备make friends with 与交朋友do/make repairs 修理make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵shake hands with 与握手make contributions to 为做贡献take pains 尽力，刻苦good manners 有礼貌take turns 轮流burst into tears 放声大哭be in high spirits 情绪高涨in all directions 向四面八方congratulations on 对表示祝贺in tears 哭泣，含着泪in ruins 成为废墟into halves 分成两半sp
13、orts shoes 运动鞋2名词的固定搭配常见名词与其他词组成的固定搭配有：keep in mind 记住free of charge 免费keep in touch 保持联系leave a message 留口信，留言a waste of. 浪费a sense of. 的感觉out of control 失去控制by chance/accident 偶然地by the way 顺便提一下out of question 毫无疑问out of order 出故障，失调out of sight 看不见out of place 不适当的in detail 详细地in general 一般说来on
14、purpose 故意地on time 准时in time 及时；最终in honor of. 为纪念It is a pity that. 可惜 (It is) no wonder (that). 难怪1根据题干的语法结构，特别是设空处前的限定词判断词性：冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。2根据句法结构判断词性：如果所填词在句中作主语、宾语、同位语，一般用所给词的名词形式。3确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成适当的形式；然后再根据名词本身确定可数与不可数，如果名词可数，则需根据其前限定词及谓语动词的形式来确定名词的单复数形式。语法填空典例By taking par
15、t in these activities，students show their special talents，their (able) to get on well with others.分析：形容词性物主代词后应接名词，且ability作“能力”讲时是不可数名词，因此填ability。单句改错典例 I absentmindedly turned the page of the phone book and came across a city map. 分析：page意为“页，面”，为可数名词，根据语境，电话簿应该有很多页，故应该用复数，故page改为pages。单句语法填空1Ive
16、 dined alone in fine restaurants for decades with great satisfaction (satisfy) and no need or desire for company.2In the latest development (develop)，the citys Hongqiao Railway Station，one of Asias biggest traffic centers，has launched a 5G network.3Mandarin is a category (种类) of Chinese dialects (di
17、alect)spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.4How can students manage anxiety (anxious) and stress during exam time and still get the grades they need?5They might not be used to having total freedom (free) in how they plan their days and nights.6Bringing together Western Medicine and
18、TCM，rather than being in competition (compete)，is where the potential for great effects lies.7Nowadays，of course，the harmful effects (effect) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known.8He learns what to do by reading books and computer magazines and checking out sites on the Internet ab
19、out homebuilt PCs，and sites that answer questions (question) for people doing it for the first time.9Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1，500 years，but expressions (express) from them have entered various languages.10The 17thcentury philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon declared
20、that nothing had changed the world more deeply than three great inventions(invention): gunpowder，printing and the compass.单句改错1She is such an inspiring person with a strong sense of responsibilities，and we all respect and admire her. responsibilitiesresponsibility2My uncle tells me that the key to h
21、is success is honest.honesthonesty3When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruin.ruinruins4The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistake as well.mistakemistakes 5After all，helping people in need is a good way to obtain
22、 joy and happy.happyhappiness.语法填空Since the beginning of the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) has found its way in different areas in the entertainment industry. Disney，1. is one of the worlds leading entertainment 2. (company), has decided to make use 3. the technology in its theme parks,
23、 where robot cartoon characters will soon walk among guests. Disney also has its robot Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck to communicate with tourists.“I think AI is going to be 4. (great)important for what we do，” said Jon Snoddy, an official of the entertainment company. “Robot characters that can move
24、around among our guests need to understand where theyre going and know 5. to behave in a world with humans. However, the company also 6. (know) some of the fears surrounding AI. 7. (scare) kids wont be part of what we do，” said Mr. Snoddy. “We will go and do tests in our parks to find out what kids
25、find 8. (interest) about these things. We will carry out tests 9. (make) sure the robot characters make a positive 10. (impress) on kids.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。人工智能在不同领域有着长足的发展。作为世界领先的娱乐公司之一，迪士尼决定在其主题公园中使用这项技术。1解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰Disney，且空处在从句中作主语，故用which引导。答案：which2解析：考查名词的单复数。“one of名词复数”表示“之一”，com
26、pany意为“公司”，为可数名词。答案：companies3解析：考查介词。make use of意为“利用；使用”，为固定搭配。答案：of4解析：考查词性转换。此处需要使用great的副词形式greatly修饰形容词important。答案：greatly5解析：考查“疑问词to do”结构。这里表示“在人类的世界里如何去表现”。根据句意可知用how。答案：how6解析：考查时态和主谓一致。结合上下文内容和句意可知，此处是乔恩斯诺迪陈述对机器人的个人看法和观点，故用一般现在时即可。且主语the company是单数，故填knows。答案：knows7解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本
27、句中缺少主语，而动词的ing形式可以作主语。句意：吓唬孩子可不是我们工作的一部分。句中scaring kids为主语。答案：Scaring8解析：考查词性转换。此处为“find sth.adj.”这一结构，表示“发现是有趣的”。句意：我们会去公园里做测试，看看孩子们觉得哪些东西有趣。答案：interesting9解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将进行测试，确保机器人给孩子留下积极的印象。此处to make为动词不定式表目的。答案：to make10解析：考查词性转换。make a positive impression on意为“给人留下积极的印象”，positive为形容词，其后需要跟名词。
28、答案：impression.短文改错Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.I decid
29、ed make the best of it. I worked hard and got along good with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they are always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience tell me that it is not wha
30、t you are given but how you make use for it that determines who you are.答案：Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in ordinary school. as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the frie
31、ndly atmosphere in class.I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and got along with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they always available. Soon, I became one of the top in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience me that it is not what you are given but how you make use it that determines who you are.
