1、Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero核心单词qualitymeanmeaningmeaningful1._ n.质量；品质；性质2._ adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的vt.意思是；意味着_ n.意义；含义_ adj.有意义的；意味深长的3._ adj.积极的；活跃的_ adv.积极地_ n.活动activeactivelyactivitygenerousgenerouslygenerosity4._ adj.慷慨的；大方的_ adv.慷慨地；大方地_ n.慷慨；大方5._ vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于_ adj.忠实的；深爱的_ n.忠诚；热爱6._ vt
2、.建立；建设_ n.建立；奠基；基础devotedevotionfoundfoundation7._ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的_adv.和平地_ n.和平peacefulpeacedevotedpeacefully8._ n.指导；领导_ vt.指导，指挥n.导游；指南guidanceguide9._ adj.怀有希望的；有希望的_ adv.有希望地_ v.&n.希望_ adj.没希望的10._ vt.&vi.投票；选举11._ vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.投票；选票；表决n.攻击；抨击；疾病发作hopefulhopefullyhopehopeless12._ n.暴力；暴行_ adj.暴
3、力的；猛烈的voteattackviolenceviolent13._ adj.相等的；平等的_ adv.平等地；公平地_ n.平等equalequallyequality14._ adj.乐意的；自愿的_ n.愿意；乐意willingwillingnessunfairfair15._ adj.不公正的；不公平的_ adj.公平的16._ vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开_ adj.逃跑的17._ vt.教育；训练_ adj.受过教育的；有教养的_ n.教育_ n.教育工作者_ adj.教育的；有关教育的escapeescapededucateeducatededucationeducatore
4、ducational18._ vi.请求；乞求_ n.乞丐19._ n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动_ adj.可怕的begbeggarterrorterrible20._ n.残忍；残酷_ adj.残忍的；残酷的21._ n.报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏_adj.有回报的crueltycruelrewardrewarding22._ vt.判决；宣判23._ n.总统；会长；校长；行长24._ n.意见；看法；主张sentencepresidentopinion常考短语1.out of _ 失业2.Youth _ 青年团3.as a _ of _ 事实上4._ up 使充气；爆炸5.i
5、n _ 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中6._ to 求助于；致力于7.lose _ 丧失勇气或信心8._ to _ 当权；上台9._ up 设立；建立10.be _ to 被判处(徒刑)11.in ones _ 在某人看来workLeaguematterfactblowtroubleturnheartcomepowersetsentencedopinion经典佳句assoonIcouldhaveseen1.When he organized the ANC Youth League,I joined it_ _ _ _ _.当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。2.The l
6、ast thirty years _ _ the greatestnumber of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today wehave reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去 30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。as3.only then _ _ _ to answer violencewith violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。didwedecide4.He
7、taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings whenwe _ _ _ _.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。5.I felt bad _ _ _ I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。shouldhavebeenasleepthefirsttime课文回顾Do you know the former president of South Africa,NelsonMandela?He 1._(fight)for the black people and was inpris
8、on for thirty years.He helped the black people to get 2._(equality)rights as the white people.Elias was a student in a school.Because his family couldntcontinue 3._ pay the school fees,he had to drop out ofschool.Then he found a job in a gold mine and he was worriedwhether he would be 4._ of work.It
9、 was during this difficultperiod of time 5._ he met Nelson Mandela for the first time,foughtequaltooutthatwho had opened a law firm to 6._(advice)poor blackpeople on their problems.At that time,black people had no rights7._(vote)and their life was decided by the whites.NelsonMandela said to Elias th
10、at they 8._(put)into a position inwhich they had either to accept they were less important,or fightthe government.So he decided to use 9._(violent).ThoughElias didnt like violence,he helped Nelson Mandela 10._(blow)up government buildings.He knew it was dangerous to do it,but he also knew it would h
11、elp to realize their dream of makingblack and white people equal.adviseto votewere putviolenceblow单句语法填空1.He offered _(guide)to the poor people on theirlegal rights.guidancebeing punishededucated2.Whoever breaks the law wont escape _(punish).3.Charlie is very polite to everybody,so he must be an_(ed
12、ucate)person.4._ a matter of fact，his father has been out of workfor two years.AsviolenceupFounded5.He claims that he doesnt advocate the use of _(violent).6.He was put into prison because he blew _ somegovernment buildings in South Africa.7._ (found)in the last century,the church has ahistory of 90
13、 years or so.8.The young man,who _(sentence)to tenyears for his acts of violence,lost all hope for his future.9.Im _(will)to open up to her as long as she wantsto listen.was sentenceddevotion10.He is _ to the research and his_ to thework leads to his success.(devote)willing devotedvt.意思是；意味着；打算1.mea
14、n adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的be mean with/over sth.对某物吝啬be mean to sb.对某人吝啬；自私mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事联想发散means n.方式；手段(单复数形式相同)by means of 用的办法by all means 一定；尽一切办法by no means 决不by any means 无论如何运用单句语法填空towith/over(1)She is always selfish and is mean _ others.(2)He was born in a poor family an
15、d has always been mean_ money.to addasking(3)Sorry,I didnt mean _(add)to your trouble.(4)His coming means _(ask)for more money fromme.2.devote vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于devote oneself/ones life(time/money/energy)to(doing)sth.把献给；把用在上devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to(doing)sth.专心致志于；忠于devotion n.深爱，热爱(与 for 连
16、用)；忠实；专心(与 to 连用)联想发散以下短语中 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词：look forward to(doing)sth.期盼(做)某事object to(doing)sth.反对(做)某事be/get used to(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事pay attention to(doing)sth.注意(做)某事get down to(doing)sth.开始(做)某事be accustomed to(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事运用单句语法填空(1)Nowadays many school children devote too much time to_(pl
17、ay)computer games.playing(2)_(devote)to his teaching,he has no time to spenda weekend with his family.Devoteddevotion(3)From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and_(devote).3.escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；被遗忘n.逃跑；逃脱escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escape from 从逃脱；逃离fire escape 安全通口；太平门narrow escape 死
18、里逃生；九死一生用法指引escape 表示“逃避”时，一般是及物动词，后常接抽象名词或动名词；表示“从逃走”时，后接地点名词，一般要加 from；后面接某人时，表示“被遗忘”。运用单句语法填空(1)The driver narrowly escaped _(kill)inthe traffic accident.being killedfrom(2)At last,he escaped _ his trouble and depression.4.reward n.报酬；奖金；回报vt.酬劳；奖赏；奖励in reward for 为奖赏；为报答as a reward for 作为对的奖赏/回报
19、reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏/酬谢某人reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有回报的易混辨析reward 和 award(1)reward 指奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏；做动词时常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事奖励某人。(2)award 指奖品、奖金，与 prize 用法相同。做动词时意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.向某人颁发某物。运用单句语法填空(1)She started
20、singing to the baby and _(reward)with a smile.was rewardedforrewarding(2)Id like to do something in reward _ her kindness.(3)When asked for his views about teaching job,Mike said hefound it interesting and _(reward).1.out of work 失业out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失去控制out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障out of
21、balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of question 毫无疑问out of patience 不耐烦用法指引以上词组中的名词前都没有冠词。运用用 out of 相关短语填空(1)The machine went _ because of improperuse.out of orderout of questionout of work(2)It is _ that I will write to you.(3)He has been _ for two years and has nomoney to support his family now.2.in tr
22、ouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中get into trouble 遇到麻烦；出事；陷入困境have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难have trouble with sth.有麻烦；有疾病take the trouble to do sth.不怕困难尽力做某事写作佳句Please dont hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you havetrouble with your study.无论什么时候在学习中遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。运用单句语法填空usingin(1)We often have troubl
23、e in _ (use)neutral pensbecause of its limited ink and other inconvenience.(2)It is a good feeling to help someone _ trouble.3.turn to 求助于；致力于；转向；变成；开始行动；着手工作turn away 不让进入；把脸转开turn down 调低(温度、音量等)；拒绝turn up 调高(温度、音量等)；露面，出现turn off 关掉(开关等)turn on 打开(开关等)turn out(to be)结果是turn over 翻身；翻转一词多义(1)Howev
24、er,when it is something beyond my competence,Iturn to my classmates or teachers for help.求助于(2)After he left university,he became a teacher,but laterturned to journalism.开始从事(3)You shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you meetnew words in reading.查阅(4)Please turn to Page 40.翻到运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)
25、We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn_.upawaydownoutto(2)How can you turn _ from a soldier who waswounded?(3)I dont understand why they turn _ my suggestion.(4)Though it looked like rain this morning,it has turned_ a fine day.(5)We can turn _ him for help.4.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心；灰心
26、；泄气put ones heart into 一心扑在上learn sth.by heart 背诵；记牢strike.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心heart and soul 全心全意地from the bottom of ones heart 从某人的心底用法指引lose heart 中的 heart 前不能加 the 或 ones 之类的限定词。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)无论你失败了多少次，你都要永不灰心。No matter how many times you fail,you should never_ _.loseheart单句语法填空(2)As a matter o
27、f fact,nothing is too difficult if you put yourheart _ it.intofrom(3)Thank you _ the bottom of my heart for yourgenerous donations.原句 1 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number oflaws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reacheda stage where we have almost no rights at all
28、.过去 30 年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。在该句中 stage 表示“时期，阶段”，是抽象名词，在定语从句中做地点状语，故用 where 来引导，类似的名词还有 case,point,situation,occasion,position 等。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)我们处在一个可能会损失大量金钱的境地。We are in _ _ _ we may lose a largesum of money.apositionwhere(2)他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。He got into _ _ _ it was ha
29、rd todecide what was right and wrong.asituationwhere(3)这个阶段你在生活和事业上都可以冒险，而且两者似乎都有着无限可能。Youre at _ _ _ you can take risks inlife and in your career,and the possibilities for both are seeminglyendless.astagewhere原句 2.only then did we decide to answer violence withviolence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。这是由 only
30、 引导的倒装句，句型结构为：only状语助动词/系动词/情态动词主语其他。当 only 放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句)时，句子需要部分倒装。但如果 only 放在句首修饰的是句子的主语，句子则不需要倒装。如：Only I know him here.在这里，只有我认识他。运用同义句转换，每空一词(1)I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had anotherfailure in my job-seeking.didIrealize Only when I had another failure in my job-see
31、king_ _ _ knowledge is valuable.完成句子，每空一词canwehave(2)只有用这种方法我们才能精通英语。Only in this way _ _ _ a goodcommand of English.原句 3 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。(1)句中的 the first time 是名词短语，在此做从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次时”。(2)名词短语或副词用作从属连词的还有：the moment/theminute/the instant/immed
32、iately/directly/instantly 一就；each time/every time 每当的时候。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)第一次看这本书时，我感动得热泪盈眶。_ _ _ I read the book,I was movedto tears.Thefirsttime(2)电影一结束，他们就走出了电影院。Immediately_ the film was over,they went out of the cinema.(3)每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。_ _ I see the old man in the park,heis absorbed in rea
33、ding newspapers.Every/Eachtime运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来We have 1._(reach)a stage 2._ we must takeeffective 3._(measure)to protect the environment from4._(go)bad to 5._(bad).Now,anyone who doesharm 6._ our environment wont escape 7._(punish).And our joint efforts 8._(witness)quite afew changes in recent years.The air quality,9._ is shownin the report,has improved 10._(gradual).reachedwheremeasuresgoingworsetobeing punishedhave witnessedasgradually
