1、考点分类练(十)主旨大意题标题归纳类Passage 1(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔三模)With nations preparing to spend billions to redesign their cities with a new focus on cycling,its worth remembering how the invention of the bicycle changed societies all over the world.The person generally credited with inventing the modern bicycle was an E
2、nglishman named John Kemp Starley.In 1885,the 30-year-old inventor began experimenting in his workshop with a chain-driven bicycle featuring two much smaller wheels.When it first appeared at a bicycle show in 1886,his invention was regarded as a curiosity.But two years later,when the next model was
3、paired with the newly invented rubber tirewhich not only cushioned the ride but also made the new bicycle about 30 percent fasterthe result was magic.For a few years in the 1890s,almost anyone wanted to learn to ride,and almost everyone did.The king of Zanzibar took up cycling.So did the emperor of
4、Russia.But it was the middle and working classes around the globe that truly made the bicycle their own.For the first time in history,the masses were able to come and go as they pleased.No more need for expensive horses and carriages.The rocketing demand led hundreds of new companies around the worl
5、d to offer their own versions.At the Stanley Bicycle Show in London in 1895,about 200 bicycle makers exhibited 3,000 models.One of the biggest makers was Columbia Bicycles,whose factory in Hartford,Connecticut,could turn out a bicycle a minute thanks to its automated assembly line(流水线)a pioneering t
6、echnology that one day would become the backbone of the automobile industry.By 1898,a third of all patent applications in the US were bicycle-related.The bicycle even improved the human gene pool.Newly liberated young people rode around the countryside at will,meeting up in distant villages.Women we
7、re especially enthusiastic.They abandoned their troublesome skirts and took to the road in groups.Marriage records in England show a marked rise in inter-village marriages during the bicycle craze of the 1890s.1.What can we know about John Kemp Starleys first model?A.It was invented in 1888.B.It had
8、 two bigger wheels.C.It did not have rubber tires.D.It was accepted immediately.2.When were bicycles widely adopted by the public?A.In the 1860s.B.In the 1870s.C.In the 1880s.D.In the 1890s.3.What are the statistics in paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The fast growing demand for bicycles.B.The huge succes
9、s of the bicycle industry.C.The great convenience offered by bicycles.D.The popularity of the newly invented bicycles.4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.How Have Bicycles Changed Our World?B.Which Country Invented the First Bicycle?C.Who Is the Inventor of the First Bicycle?
10、D.What Led to the Genetic Improvement?Passage 2(2022吉林白山一模)Microplastics are “one of the greatest man-made disasters of our time”,according to the Natural History Museum.Thats bad news,given they are also everywhere:in tap water,the food you buy,the clothes you wear and the air you breathe.The large
11、st microplastics can be seen by the naked eye and are anything under half a centimetre in size.But many of them are small enough to act like spots of dust which we can unconsciously breathe in or eat in food.The smallest particles are called nanoplastics and they are small enough to get their way de
12、ep into the human body.New findings from the University of Portsmouth show that there is so much synthetic material in our homes that we might be breathing in up to 7,000 microplastic particles a day.Using special equipment,researchers measured a typical family home and found the highest concentrati
13、on of it was in the bedroom of the eight-year-old daughter,whose room was decorated with plastic-based bedding,carpet and soft toys.Although research is in its early stage,the risks of these plastics could be serioussome studies have linked high exposure to cancer risk and disrupting our hormones.In
14、 animal studies,the particles have been shown to affect metabolism,gut bacteria and the immune system,among other things.It is not yet known what a healthy level of microplastics might look like,but Dr Sabine Donnai,CEO of the Viavi clinic,thinks that many people in the West are over the limit.In te
15、sts at her clinic,patients often come back with dangerously high levels of plastic in their bodies,she says.5.What does paragraph 2 talk about?A.The seriousness of microplastics.B.The size of microplastics.C.The solution to microplastics.D.The effect of microplastics.6.How did researchers determine
16、the amount of microplastics of a home?A.With technical equipment.B.By referring to previous data.C.Through experiments.D.By observing environment.7.What does the underlined word “disrupting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Deciding.B.Disturbing.C.Discovering.D.Defending.8.What would be a suitable tit
17、le for the text?A.New study found microplasticsB.Microplastics are found in clothesC.Microplastics are threatening our lifeD.We breathe in microplastics every dayPassage 3(2022吉林长春三模)Meta has launched its first pair of smart glasses,which house speakers and cameras,built with eyewear firm Ray-Ban.Th
18、e glasses,which are available in a range of colours and styles,are priced at 299 and will be available from September 13.Called Ray-Ban Stories,the glasses feature two five-megapixel cameras to take photos and videos,as well as built-in microphones and speakers enabling users to make calls and liste
19、n to audio.The glasses also come with built-in LED lights to let people nearby know when the wearer is taking a photo or video and pair with the new Meta View app,which enables users to share content from the glasses to their social media accounts.Announcing the new hardware,Meta acknowledged that p
20、rivacy was a key issue it had looked to address when creating the new device.“As with any new device,we have a big responsibility to help people feel comfortable and provide peace of mind,and that goes not only for device owners but the people around them,too,” the social network said in a blog post
21、.Meta said it would also offer guidance to users on how to safely use the glasses with regard to others.“Weve developed guidelines for what is and isnt an appropriate use of the glasses,some of which are surfaced right in the app during on boarding,and which are available in full online on our dedic
22、ated privacy microsite for Ray-Ban Stories.”“These tips include respecting peoples preferences if they ask you to stop recording or dont want to be in a photo or video,not capturing photos and videos while driving,and turning off the glasses in private areas like places of worship,a doctors office,o
23、r locker rooms.”9.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.The smart glasses are made by Meta independently.B.The glasses have more than two five-megapixel cameras.C.Users can share content from the glasses with their friends.D.The build-in LED lights help take better pictur
24、es.10.What can be inferred from the text?A.The glasses will be a hit with Meta users.B.People can buy the glasses at the start of September.C.The tips on safe use of the glasses are not free.D.Some people may feel uneasy when being caught on camera.11.What is Metas attitude to the issue of privacy?A
25、.Serious.B.Indifferent.C.Negative.D.Objective.12.What is the best title for the text?A.Safety Guidelines for Glasses UsersB.Metas Release of Smart GlassesC.Privacy Related to New TechnologyD.Users Feedback on Smart Glasses考点分类练(十)主旨大意题标题归纳类Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车的发明历史及其给世界带来的巨大影响。1.C解析 推理
26、判断题。根据第二段中“But two years later.the result was magic.”可反推,他的第一代自行车是没有塑料轮胎的。2.D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For a few years in the 1890s,almost anyone wanted to learn to ride,and almost everyone did.”及最后一段中“Marriage records in England show a marked rise in inter-village marriages during the bicycle craze of the 18
27、90s.”可知,自行车是在19世纪90年代被大众广泛采用的。3.B解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The rocketing demand led.bicycle makers exhibited 3,000 models.”及“By 1898,a third of all patent applications in the US were bicycle-related.”可推断,本段主要是用数据说明该行业的空前繁荣。4.A解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了自行车的发明给世界带来的巨大影响。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不
28、在,介绍了微塑料的大小,以及新发现表明家里的合成材料如此之多,以至于我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑料颗粒。5.B解析 段落大意题。根据第二段可知,第二段讲的是微塑料的大小。6.A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Using special equipment.carpet and soft toys.”可知,研究人员使用技术仪器确定一个家庭的微塑料含量。7.B解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Although research is in its early stage,the risks of these plastics could be serioussome studies hav
29、e linked high exposure to cancer risk”以及下文“In animal studies,the particles have been shown to affect metabolism,gut bacteria and the immune system,among other things.”可知,虽然研究还处于早期阶段,但这些塑料的风险可能是严重的一些研究已经将高暴露于癌症风险和扰乱我们的荷尔蒙联系起来。故画线词意思是“干扰”。故选B项。8.C解析 主旨大意题。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不在,介绍了微塑料的大小,以及新发现表明家里的合成材料如此之多,以至
30、于我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑料颗粒。可知,C选项“微塑料正在威胁我们的生命”最符合文章标题。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到Meta即将发布一款新产品智能眼镜,并且对这款智能眼镜进行了说明。9.C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The glasses also come.from the glasses to their social media accounts.”可知,用户可以与朋友分享眼镜上的内容。故选C项。10.D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These tips include respecting peoples preferences if
31、they ask you to stop recording or dont want to be in a photo or video”可推断,有些人在被镜头拍到时可能会感到不安。11.A解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Announcing the new hardware,Meta acknowledged that privacy was a key issue it had looked to address when creating the new device.”可知,Meta说隐私是开发新设备要解决的关键问题,由此可推知,Meta对隐私的态度是很严肃的。12.B解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合全文内容可知,本文主要说明Meta即将上市一款新的智能眼镜及对这款新产品的相关介绍,所以B项符合文章主旨,适合作为本文标题。