1、教材习题点拨WARMING UPSuggested answers to Exercise 1：Picture 1：A household object from GreeceThis is an oil lamp that was used to give light at night.It was possibly used for parties，housework or study.Olive oil was placed in the body of the lamp to make the light.There was a thread that went from inside
2、 the lamp，and when it was lit it provided light.Picture 2：A musical instrumentThis is a musical instrument which was played when a person hit the bronze or brass bells.Different notes could be made by making the bells larger or smaller.People composed music to be played in a large house，temple or pa
3、lace.Picture 3：A stone toolThis tool is made of jade stone which is hard and very beautiful.It has a sharp edge so it could be used to break other pieces of stone.The hole on the top of the tool shows where it was joined to a wooden handle，so it could be used like an axe today.Picture 4：A face of an
4、 Egyptian PharaohThis is a mask which was placed over the pharaohs face after he died.Sometimes they were also buried with the dead pharaoh.They were made of gold and decorated in beautiful colours.It shows that the pharaoh expected his objects to have the best of material and workmanship.Suggested
5、answers to Exercise 2：Its nameWhat it was made ofIts useTodays alternative1 clay lampclay/potteryto light the houseelectric light2 Chinese chimesmetal，possibly bronze or brassto provide musicxylophone3 stone/jade axestone/jadeto chop woodchain saw4 death maskgoldto cover the face of the pharaoh afte
6、r his deathnoneCOMPREHENDINGSuggested answers to Exercise 1：1The students want to find out about how early people lived.There are no such sites in England while the Zhoukoudian caves provide an excellent example of a site where early people lived.2Early people lived in caves.3They used fur from anim
7、als for clothes and had fires burning all winter.4The archaeologist thinks they may have used animal skins.5They ate animal meat，such as tigers and bears，and fish from the lake nearby.They also picked fruit when it was ripe.Suggested answers to Exercise 2：Homes：caves，perhaps with skins to keep out t
8、he coldTools：scrapers，axeheads，bone needlesClothes：animal skins sewn together with needles and thread，necklacesSuggested answers to Exercise 3：Topic 1：Life in the caveTopic 2：What we can learn from a needleTopic 3：What we can learn from a necklaceLEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and e
9、xpressionsAnswers to Exercise 1：excavation，identify，aware，ample，regardless of，primitive，sharpened，alternative，assumed，dueAnswers to Exercise 2：1 regardless of2 In spite of3 because of 4 ahead of5 on behalf of 6 instead ofAnswers to Exercise 3：1 starvation2 analysis，acute3 messy，categories 4 cutting
10、up5 at most 6 centimetresDiscovering useful structuresAnswers to Exercise 1：We have been finding the bones of tigers and bears.Answers to Exercise 2：1How long have you been learning to fly an airplane，Sam?2How long has he been swimming?3What have the nurses in the kindergarten been doing all day?4Wh
11、at have they been arguing about for years?5Why have sales of washing machines been increasing this year?6Jiao Yang，what kind of washing powder have you been using that makes your clothes so clean and soft?7Why has the poor girl been collecting seashells?8How long has Philip been riding a skateboard?
12、USING LANGUAGEListening and discussingLISTENING TEXTDATING METHODSZhou Heping(ZH)has come to ask the archaeologist，Richard Leakey(RL)，how he dates the bones he finds.Part 1ZH：How can you tell how old the bones are when you find them?RL：There are two main ways：the first uses the layers in the ground
13、and the second uses the radiocarbon dating.ZH：I see.How does the layer method work?RL：Well，look at the digram in your book.Think of a wastepaper basket.When you came into work，you ate an orange and threw the orange skin into it.Thats layer number 1.Later somebody threw some yogurt pots into it.Thats
14、 layer number 2.ZH：Oh yes，and then I threw some paper into it.So thats layer number 3.RL：Yes，and finally someone threw away some used envelopes.So how many layers are there in this wastepaper basket?ZH：There are four.RL：Which layer is the first and therefore the oldest?ZH：The orange skin.RL：And whic
15、h is the last and therefore the most recent?ZH：Of coursethe used envelopes.I see how it works now.But how does it help?RL：Well，layers of soil are produced at different times like the layers in your wastepaper basket.Each time people live somewhere，they make a layer in the soil.If they live there for
16、 a long time，they make a lot of layers.Each layer has a different colour and texture which we use to find out how old it is.ZH：How splendid!Part 2ZH：Now what about radiocarbon dating?RL：This is more scientific.It uses radioactivity to measure the amount of carbon in living things.The carbon in a dea
17、d body disappears at a fixed rate.We know how long that takes，so we can measure the amount of carbon and work out how old a bone is.ZH：Thats very clever.Is it very accurate too?RL：There are some problems with very old bones，so you are always given two dates.ZH：How does that work?RL：Well，the date for
18、 a bone may be between 9,900 years and 10,100 years old.ZH：I see！How old are the bones in the Zhoukoudian caves?RL：They are between 250,000 and 400,000 years old.ZH：Perhaps we could visit the site together sometime?RL：Of course.Whenever you like!Answers to Exercise 1：used envelopeswastepaperyogurt p
19、otsorange skinAnswers to Exercise 2：carbon，carbon，disappears，fixed，carbon，work outReadingSuggested answers to Exercise 1：Mens tasksWomens tasks1 Making and repairing tools2 Fishing3 Hunting animals4 Protecting the group from harm5 Cutting down trees1 Collecting nuts，fruit and water2 Cutting up meat
20、and fish for cooking3 Preparing skins to make clothes4 Preparing food5 Looking after childrenSuggested answers to Exercise 2：DAHU：catch fish，repair stone tools，make scrapers and axeheadsLALA：collect fruit and nuts，prepare foodSuggested answers to Exercise 3：Mens tasks：patient(tool making)，dangerous(
21、hunting)，some individual(tool making and repairing)and some cooperative(hunting)，skilful(tool making)，protective(of group)Womens tasks：cooperative(cooking)，caring(providing food)，patient(collecting food)，skilful(cooking)，individual(collecting nuts and fruit)Suggested answers to Exercise 4：When men g
22、o hunting or women do cooking and prepare food，they work cooperatively.When men make or repair tools，or women collect fruit and nuts，they work alone.Most dangerous tasks：hunting animals done by menWhere the danger comes from：wild animals living near the cavesSharing of tasks：men and women had clearl
23、y divided tasks：fire and collecting nuts needed to be done every day but killing animals would only be done now and then.So the womens tasks were continuous and the mens tasks were more periodic.练习册答案及听力原文LISTENINGLISTENING TEXTMORE NEWS ABOUTTHE TERRACOTTA WARRIORSAmanda Peters(AP)wants to find out
24、 about how to preserve the terracotta warriors from her Chinese friend ，Zhou Lei(ZL)，an archaeologist.AP：Where did you go for your holiday，Zhou Lei?ZL：I went to visit the terracotta warriors and found out more about the research to preserve the statues.AP：Youre so lucky! Id love to go and see them v
25、ery much.Making figures that are 1.96 metres tall is amazing！They must be such an impressive sight.It makes you realize how powerful Emperor Qin Shihuang was.ZL：Yes，indeed.And each of them has an individual face so that archaeologists think they must have been a copy of Qin Shihuangs real army.But e
26、ight thousand statues are a lot of clay figures to protect and there have been problems.AP：Oh dear！What problems?ZL：Well，the first problem is how to keep their colours.Chinese archaeologists have discovered that the statues were painted before they were buried.But temperature changed and sunlight so
27、on faded the colours after the statues were uncovered.AP：Why did that happen?ZL：First，some of them became a little bit smaller when they dried out after being excavated and that made their colour disappear quickly.Second，the damp in the tomb also affected the colours badly.But now luckily the scient
28、ists have discovered a new chemical protection，which will keep the colours shining brightly.AP：Thats wonderful news.ZL：Yes.Its a very thin layer of chemical jelly which will preserve the vivid colours of the soldiers as well as protect them from the damp.AP：Thats great. So the problems solved.But Im
29、 afraid that those statues that lost their colour cant get it back?ZL：Sadly，no.But this breakthrough has helped deal with another problem.AP：Whats that?ZL：Well，you know that the terracotta warriors were discovered in 1974.Since then the statues have suffered more than forty different kinds of mould
30、all caused by damp.AP：That sounds really serious.I didnt know clay statues could suffer from mould！Did it happen before they were excavated or after?ZL：After they were excavated，damp entered the excavation area.The moulds developed quickly and need different kinds of treatment.AP：Oh，how terrible！Can
31、 we do something to clean the warriors and make them safe?ZL：Well，this jelly will help protect them against some moulds.AP：Oh！Is there anything else that ordinary people can do to help？.(fade out) Suggested answers to Exercise 1：The main idea is that there are two problems that archaeologists are tr
32、ying to solve in order to preserve terracotta warriors.One is how to protect the colours and the other is how to protect the statues against moulds.Suggested answers to Exercise 2：1The first problem is how to protect the colours originally painted on the terracotta warriors.This problem is easier to
33、 solve because the scientists have discovered a new chemical protection which will keep the colours shining brightly.2Each terracotta warrior was a copy of a real soldier in Qins army.It must have needed a tremendous amount of organization to produce the number，the size of the statues and all this s
34、hows the Emperors power.3The change in temperature and the sunlight when the warriors were excavated made them lose their colours.4The forty kinds of mould are difficult to treat because they all need different kinds of treatment.Suggested answers to Exercise 3：Terracotta WarriorsFeaturesProblemsSol
35、utionsAge：2,200years oldIndividual faces1 Cause：colour faded1 chemical protectionMaterial：clay1.96 metres tall2 Cause：growth of 40 kinds of mould2 new treatments being developedNumber：8,000USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSAnswers to Exercise 1：BC，division，skilful，looked ahead，spear，systematic，wrinkled，ham
36、mer，dizzyAnswers to Exercise2：1 scratches2 gay3 alternative4 arrested 5 howl 6 spatSuggested answers to Exercise 3：1I love to mix my yoghurt with strawberries, melon or other fruit to make it taste more delicious.2Scientists did not recognize the significance of radioactivity until Madam Curie used
37、it to develop Xrays.3Harrys pulse raced when he saw the huge beast and immediately he accelerated his car out of the jungle.4The first few photos in my family album were taken when I was in kindergarten.5I always knew that she was fed up with being a receptionist.6The audience applauded the performa
38、nce of the skilful skateboarding athletes for a couple of minutes.7The expert said the use of tobacco dated back to 1000 BC.8I think you need to delete unnecessary repetition from your article and check your punctuation before you hand it in.USING STRUCTURESAnswers to Exercise 1：1What have you been
39、doing lately?2Oh，really？Did you find it valuable?3Will you continue it for a second year then?4Dont they offer some scholarships if youre a good student?Answers to Exercise2：has increased，were discovered，would be，had been put/placed，became，comes，puts，was.surprising，were taken，were，seems，will remainL
40、ISTENING TASKLISTENING TEXTINTERVIEWING“THE FATHER OF ARCHAEOLOGY”Wang Wei(WW)，a Chinese student，is interviewing Professor Flinders Petrie(FP) about his work in Egypt.WW：Hello，Professor Petrie.Could you please tell me why you want to dig poor archaeological sites in Egypt instead of looking for new
41、tombs of Egyptian pharaohs?FP：I suppose it was an accident really.When I went there most people were looking for new tombs of the pharaohs.I decided to investigate the life of poorer people as nobody else seemed interested in them!WW：What sorts of things did you find out?FP：What I found was that poo
42、rer people built their houses with mud bricks.They used pottery for their cooking and storing things.I also found that poor people as well as rich people believed in a life after death.They buried their dead family members in the sand with pots full of food ready to take on the journey to the afterl
43、ife.WW：They also wanted to preserve the bodies very well.Whys that?FP：Because they believed the spirit of ones body went on the journey to the afterlife.So it was important to look after the body carefully after one was dead.WW：Did you find out anything about this journey?FP：Not from the poorer peop
44、les graves.But we found the journey painted on the walls of the pyramids of the pharaohs and the inside of the coffins of rich Egyptians.Later rich people described this journey in books they left in coffins.They are called“The Book of the Dead”，and although they were written in rolls of paper，you c
45、an still see them today.They tell you how to overcome evil gods and monsters on the journey to the afterlife and what to expect when you came to the Hall of Judgement.WW：Was there a test of some kind?FP：Yes，you had to prove the quality of your life by weighing your heart against a feather.If your he
46、art was lighter，it meant you had led a good life ，and so you could enter the afterlife and live forever.But if it was not，youd be eaten by the God Anubis and disappear forever.WW：My goodness.Im sure that made people behave themselves.(fade out)Suggested answers to Exercise 1：I think the ancient Egyp
47、tians believed：the spirit of ones body went on the journey to the afterlife.They believed everyone must be tested to see if they had led a good life.Answers to Exercise 2：1 F2 T3 T4 T5 F6 TSuggested answers to Exercise 3：SimilaritiesDifferences1 They both believed in life after death.2 They both had
48、 their bodies preserved.3 They both had goods in the grave for the journey to the afterlife.1 There were many more goods in the rich persons grave than in the poor persons.2 The rich person was buried in a special building，but the poor person was not.3 The rich person had guidebooks for the journey
49、to the afterlife，but the poor person did not.READING TASKAnswers to Exercise 1：ObjectMaterialColourDecorationTwo statues/BlackWearing gold shoes and carrying royal insigniaChairsGoldGoldenWith heads of animals and godsBoxesPossibly wood/Beautifully paintedFlowers/Vases/With beautiful flower designsB
50、oxes/Black/Chests/White/Seat/Golden/CartGoldGolden/Suggested answers to Exercise 2：1They read his name on a black box.2Because they were so strange and wonderfulmore wonderful than anyone could imagine.3Because it meant that the tomb had not been opened by thieves.Suggested answers to Exercise 3：1I
51、would have to lock the tomb securely so that thieves could not steal the finds.2I would have to lock the tomb securely so that the sunlight and temperature would not affect the finds in the tomb.Otherwise the finds may be spoiled.3I would have to lock the tomb securely so that I could record all the
52、 finds carefully，and I would not want any of the finds to be moved.WRITING TASKSample writing：The first to be built was Pyramid No BIt has steps up the side，and it looks as if it was an attempt to build something that we now call a pyramid shape.The steps were a way of organizing the building and ma
53、king sure that it was safe.The steps look as if smaller and smaller boxes were placed one on top of the other to make the step design.I think the second to be built was Pyramid No C，which bends at the top.It has smooth sides which the architects could have learned from building the step pyramid.But
54、the design is clearly not finished as the curve at the top of the pyramid is not smooth.The Egyptian architects have not yet completely mastered the art of building pyramids with smooth and evenly sloping sides.It is the shape that we call“a pyramid shape”today，so it must be the final one in this series of buildings.From the pictures we can see that the three pyramids all come to a point at the top.It is reasonable to assume that the pharaoh/god was close to the other gods.The pharaohs spirit could escape from the top of the pyramid and fly up to the sky，where the gods were thought to live.
