1、专题十二情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2020天津高考，1)Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.答案：can句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，我们“可以”待在他的房子里。2(2020江苏高考，28)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, I (not be) where I am.答案：wouldnt be句意：如果我没有面对那么多的
2、障碍，我现在就不会在这里。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据设空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，故用wouldnt be。3(2019天津高考，14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.答案：would have accomplished此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用would have done sth表示“本来能够做某事”。4(2019江苏高考，31)What a pity! You missed the sight
3、seeing, or we (have) a good time together.答案：would have had句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据What a pity! You missed . 以及or (否则)可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，句中的or代替if条件句表示含蓄的条件，故用would have done结构。5(2018天津高考，10)I cant find my purse. I (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.答案：may/might have left
4、句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我可能把它落在超市了，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”；再根据句中的“but Im not sure”可知，此处应用may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情不太肯定的推测。6(2018江苏高考，24)Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.答案：should句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就把书拿走了。“should完成时”用来对“过去发生的情况”表示惊讶、
5、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。7(2017天津高考，15)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able to reach her yesterday.答案：wouldnt have been此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个含蓄条件状语从句，由yesterday可知，本句表示对过去的虚拟，此处表述“不然我昨天就联系不上她了”。故此处用wouldnt have been。8(2017天津高考，2)My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. 答案：n
6、eednt由but表示转折可知，房间虽然很乱，但是“不需要/没必要”打扫。9(2017北京高考，34)If the new safety system (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.答案：had been put表示对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时；system与put之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。10(2020全国卷，短文改错)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. 答案：去
7、掉第一个tomust是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。情态动词一 情态动词的用法续表二 need和dare的用法三 情态动词后跟完成式的用法形式用法例句must have done对过去的动作的肯定推测。表示肯定做过某事He isnt here. He must have missed the train. cant/couldnt have done表示对过去情况的否定推测Joe cant have left. I saw him just now. may/might have done表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测。用于肯定句、否定句，但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。mig
8、ht have done也用于虚拟语气句，表示未实现的动作He might have heard it while I was talking to you.neednt have done表示过去没有必要做，但实际上做了You neednt have waken me up so early. Its Sunday today.ought to/should have done表示过去本应该，而实际上并未做I should have finished the work earlier.would have done表示本应该，而未I was busy that day. Otherwise
9、I would have gone there with them.could have done表示本来可以做，但是没有做You could have stayed with Babara.虚拟语气一 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法续表二 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法续表.单句语法填空1You (tell) me about it earlier; if I had known the truth, I would have helped her out.答案：should/ought to have told句意：你本应该早点告诉我的。如果我知道真相，我会帮助她走出困境的。过去本应做某事而没
10、做，要用should/ought to have done。2Ellen is a fantastic dancer; I wish I (dance) with her.答案：dancedwish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用所给动词的过去式表示对现在情况的虚拟。3I recommend that you (try) B.答案：(should) tryrecommend, suggest, request, command等表示建议、命令的词后面的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可省略。4You dont have to know the na
11、me of the author to find a book; you find the book by the title.答案：can句意：你不需要知道作者的名字就能找到一本书，你可以按书名找到这本书。此处指按书名你就可以找到这本书，表示一种可能性，应使用情态动词can。故填can。5Did you enjoy your trip?Yes. But for your advice, we (not enjoy) our stay in London half as much.答案：wouldnt have enjoyedbut for “要不是”，常表示对过去情况的虚拟，此时主句的谓语动
12、词常用would have done。6He would (like) to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didnt qualify.答案：have liked句意：他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降选手，爱德华兹没有获得参赛资格。根据本句后面的“Edwards didnt qualify”可知，爱德华兹没有成功获得参赛资格，故用“wouldhavedone”虚拟
13、语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意思是“本来会做”。7Why he have asked you such a question?答案：shouldshould可用在从句或者主句中，带有感情色彩，意为“竟然”。句意：他竟然会问你这样的问题？8Now we carry phones wherever we go, so it is time that phones (determine) design.答案：determined/should determine在固定句型Its (high) time that . 中，that后的句子谓语动词用一般过去时，或者用“should动词原形”。故填d
14、etermined/should determine。9She not have heard you when you greeted her.答案：may/might此处表述“可能没有”且是对过去情况的假设，故填may/might。10If we (take) another road, we wouldnt have been stuck in the traffic jam for so long.答案：had taken表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。.单句改错1He commanded that all the gates shut when it w
15、as getting dark in case thieves came in. 答案：shut前加(should) becommand “命令，要求”，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should do sth”，其中should 可以省略。此处gates与shut构成被动关系，应用被动语态。2He walked in as if he bought the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. 答案：bought前加hadas if引导的方式状语从句应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相
16、反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。3What I want to emphasize is that no one must succeed without hard work and concentration. 答案：mustcan句意：我想强调的是：不努力学习和专心致志，任何人都不会成功的。can表示能够，must “必须”。应把must改为can。4I would rather you visit the Beihai Park with us tomorrow. 答案：visitvisitedwould rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或者将来事实相反的假设用一般过去时。5G
17、ood books opened a window to different worlds I otherwise would had never entered. 答案：hadhave句意：好的书籍为我打开了一扇通向不同世界的窗户，否则我永远也进不去。此处是虚拟语气，would have never done“本不会做某事(实际做了)”。故将had改为have。.短文改错(2022四川省眉山市高三摸底考试)The other day I as well as my parents were eating in a restaurant when we noticed a foreigner
18、coming in. He seats himself at a table by the window. Soon a waitress came and wanted to take her order. However, the foreigner couldnt got his needs across. Seeing this, I went up immediate to offer some helps. We communicated with simple English for a while but I later knew why the waitress couldn
19、t understand him. The foreigner actually wanted Beijing Roast Duck, but he had a wrong Chinese pronunciation. Hearing my explanation, the waitress couldnt help to laughing. The foreigner himself also laughed.答案：The other day I as well as my parents eating in a restaurant when we noticed a foreigner
20、coming in. He himself at a table by the window. Soon a waitress came and wanted to take order. However, the foreigner couldnt his needs across. Seeing this, I went up to offer some . We communicated simple English for a while I later knew why the waitress couldnt understand him. The foreigner actual
21、ly wanted Beijing Roast Duck, but he had a wrong Chinese pronunciation. Hearing my explanation, the waitress couldnt help laughing. The foreigner himself also laughed.1werewas考查主谓一致。主语后面有as well as连结另一个主语，其谓语动词的数由前面的主语决定。I为单数，谓语动词应用was。故将were改为was。2seatsseated考查动词的时态。句意：他在靠窗的一个位置坐下了。根据上一句可知，故事发生在几天前
22、，应用一般过去时。故将seats改为seated。3herhis考查代词。根据上一句可知，该外国人为男士，代词应为his。故将her改为his。4gotget考查情态动词。情态动词can后面加动词原形。故将got改为get。5immediateimmediately考查副词。句意：修饰动词短语went up，应用副词作状语。故将immediate改为immediately。6helpshelp考查名词。help为不可数名词，不能加s。故将helps改为help。7within考查介词。句意：我们用英语交流了一会。in English为固定搭配，表示“用英语”。故将with改为in。8butand考查连词。句意：我们用英语交流了一会，稍后我知道了服务员不能明白他的意思的原因。上下文为顺承关系，没有转折的意思。故将but改为and。9Beijing前加a考查冠词。此处泛指“一只北京烤鸭”，中心名词Duck为可数名词，Beijing的发音以辅音音素开头，前面要加不定冠词。故在Beijing前加a。10去掉to考查固定搭配。句意：听了我的解释，服务员忍不住笑了。cant help doing为固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”。故去掉to。