1、Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜。英国军舰舰首都是挂国旗，因而得名。英国国旗除了叫The Union Flag之外，还有一个The Union Jack的别名。Sailors used to speak of a “Jack” when they meant a flag which was set near the bow of a sailing ship.The flag showed the country to which the ship belonged.The Union Jack became the flag of Great Britain.Australias f
2、lag has the Union Jack in the top left hand corner together with the stars of the Southern Cross.They have kept this small part of Britain on their flag because their country was first settled by people from Britain.Australias flag is the same color as the Union Jackred，white and blue.The act of joi
3、ning together is called a “Union”The Union Jack was the name of the flag made when England，Scotland and Ireland joined together to make one country.It all began in 1707 when England and Scotland joined together to become one nation.A flag was made using two crossesone for the patron saint of each co
4、untry.The word “patron” means “protector”Many centuries before the English had taken St George as their patron saint，his emblem was a red cross on a white background.The Scottish patron saint was St Andrew.In memory of him，they used a white cross on a blue background.This cross was shaped like the l
5、etter “X”The new flag was a mixture of both flags with two sets of crosses.When Ireland joined England and Scotland in 1800，another cross was added.St Patricks cross of Ireland was red and also shaped like an “X”All three flags made up the Union Jack.阅读障碍词1patron saint n守护神2emblem n. 象征；标志vt. 象征；用符号
6、表示诱思导读阅读短文，回答下列问题1Why does Australia have the Union Jack in its flag?Because people from Britain settled in Australia first.2What are the colors of the flag of Great Britain now?Red，white and blue.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.uniteAvi. 组成；在于；一致()2.consistBvt. 完成；达到；实现()3.clarify Cvi. & vt. 联合；团结()4.accomplishD
7、vt. 澄清；阐明()5.unwilling Eadj. 全国性的；全国范围的()6.credit Fadj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)()7.nationwide Gn. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷()8.collection Hn. 收藏品；珍藏；收集()9.attract Iadj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的()10.enjoyable Jvt. 吸引；引起注意答案15CADBF610GEHJI.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思A由组成B使受尊重；值得赞扬C损坏；发生故障D挣脱(束缚)；脱离E把分成 F省去；遗漏()1.It is greatly to her credit that Mary
8、helped the old people.()2.His bike broke down on his way to school.So he was late for class.()3.The chemistry teacher didnt explain to us what water consists of.()4.Youve made a mistakeyou have left out the letter “F”()5.When I arrived there，I found these apples divided into five groups.()6.Nowadays
9、 many farmers want to break away from the land and make a living in cities.答案16BCAFEDPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describethese four countries: England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland.You can clarify(澄清；阐明) this question if you study British history.地理学的困
10、惑对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们或许感到奇怪。如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。助读讲解be used to do.被用于做if引导条件状语从句。First there was England.Wales was linked(连接；联系) to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seve
11、nteenth century and later the name was changed to “Great Britain”This was accomplished(完成；实现)when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful w
12、ay.However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England，Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdomand this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.首先是英格兰。威尔士在公元13世纪时与英格兰是一体的。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发
13、现威尔士也是包括在内的。接着英格兰和威尔士在17世纪同苏格兰合并，后来更名为“大不列颠”。时值苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为了英格兰和威尔士的国王。最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰也联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。 因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，从向世界展示的新的联合王国国旗上就可以看出来。助读讲解when King James.为时间状语从句。to become the United Kingdom作结果状语。called the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰a new fl
14、ag。To their credit(信任；赞扬) the four countries do work together in some areas (eg，the currency(货币) and international relations)，but they still have very different institutions(制度；机制)For example，Northern Ireland，England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different foot
15、ball teams for competitions like the World Cup！值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是有些制度仍然区别很大。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰有不同的教育及司法体系，还有不同的足球队去参加像世界杯这样的比赛！助读讲解do在此处起强调作用，表示“的确；确定”。as well as也；还。England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience(方便) it is divided roughly(粗略地) into three zones. Th
16、e zone nearest France is called the South of England，the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.You find most of the population settled in the south，but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.Although，nationwide，these
17、cities are not as large as those in China，they have worldfamous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract(吸引) visitors.For historical architecture(建筑艺术) you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the
18、Romans.There you will find out more about British history and culture.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的是英格兰南部，中部地区被称为英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的称为英格兰北部。你可以看到大多数人口定居在南部，但大多数的大型工业城市在英格兰的中部和北部地区。虽然全国范围内，这些城市都不如中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着世界闻名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个！可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。想游览古代建筑你得去那些最初由罗马人建造的更古老但是更小的城镇。在那儿你
19、会了解更多的关于英国历史和文化的东西。助读讲解nearest to.最靠近的，用作后置定语，修饰the one。be known as作为而为人所知。built by the Romans作后置定语，修饰older but smaller towns。The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums，art collections，theatres，parks and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration
20、(行政部门). It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD，the oldest building begun by the AngloSaxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed(建设；修建) by later Norman rulers in 1066.There have been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders，the Romans，left their towns
21、 and roads.The second，the AngloSaxons，left their language and their government.The third，the Vikings，influenced the vocabulary and placenames of the North of England，and the fourth，the Normans，left castles and introduced new words for food.最伟大的历史财富是伦敦，它拥有博物馆、艺术珍藏、剧院、公园以及各种建筑物。它是全国的政治和行政中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马
22、人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。第一批入侵者古罗马人，留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁撒克逊人，留下了他们的语言和政体。第三批是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及北部的地名造成了一定的影响；第四批是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和食物名称的词语。助读讲解the oldest port.，the oldest building.和the oldest castle.为并列宾语，相对应的后面的过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词。the AngloSaxons为The second的
23、同位语。If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你到英国的乡村看看，你会发现所有这些入侵者留下的证据。要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。助读讲解If you.countryside为条件状语从句。主句中“keep.open”为
24、“keep宾语宾补”结构，形容词open作宾补。if引导的条件状语从句中“make.enjoyable and worthwhile”为“make宾语宾补”结构。第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读P9P10教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落主题1Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe history of the United Kingdom.BThe geography of the United Kingdom.CThe people of the United Kingdom.DThe politics of the United Kingdom.
25、2Match the main idea with each part.(1)Part 1(Paras.13)AEngland is divided into three zones.(2)Part 2(Para.4)BThe cultural importance of London.(3)Part 3(Paras.5、6) CHow the UK came into being.答案1.B2.(1)(3)CAB第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读P9P10教材课文，选择最佳答案1The UK is made up of AEngland，Wales，Scotland and Northern I
26、relandBEngland，Wales，Scotland and IrelandCEngland，Wales，the South of England and the North of EnglandDEngland，Scotland，the Midland and Northern Ireland2Where do you have to go if you want to find more about British history and culture?AIndustrial cities.BOlder but smaller towns first built by the Ro
27、mans.CThe Midlands of England.DThe North of England.3Where do most of the people settle in England?AThe zone nearest France.BThe zone nearest Scotland.CThe Midlands.DThe North of England.4We learn from this text that AGreat Britain was peacefully united while Ireland broke away to be independent by
28、warBGreat Britain used to bring Ireland under control by warCEngland，Wales and Scotland made up Great Britain，which united Northern Ireland into the UKDThe Union Jack，a new flag，doesnt stand for Northern Ireland in the world today5Which invaders influenced Londons language most?AAngloSaxons.BRomans.
29、CNormans.DVikings.答案15ABACA第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据P9P10教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Great Britain 1.consists(consist) of four countries: England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland.In the 13th century，Wales 2.was linked (link) to England.In the seventeenth century，they were joined to Scotland.They were uni
30、ted 3.in peace instead of by war.However，just as they were going to get Ireland 4.connected (connect) to form the United Kingdom，the southern part of Ireland broke away，5.so only Northern Ireland joined with England.England is 6.the largest (large) of the four countries and for 7.convenience (conven
31、ient) it is divided into three zones: the South of England，the Midlands and the North.Most of the population 8.settled (settle) in the south，but most of the industrial cities are located in the Midlands and the North.London is the capital city with the great 9.historical (history) treasures.It has the oldest portbuilt by the Romans in 10.the first century AD，the oldest building begun by the AngloSaxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.