1、Important words and phrases of Unit 2 A：重点单词 1. differ vi. In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-make. Explain how they differ. 两人一组, 观察图片并讨论哪些是自然无性繁殖, 哪些是人工的。解释它们的区别。 Her method doesnt differ much from mine. 她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。Modern airplanes
2、differ from early ones. 现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。I differ with him I how to solve the problem. 对于如何解决问题, 我跟他的意见不一致。They differ with each other on moral standards. 关于道德标准, 他们的见解不同。 differ是不及物动词, 主要有两个义项：“不同, 相异；不同意, 意见相左”。常见的搭配有：1). sb. differ from/with sb. on/about sth.; 2). sth. and sth. differ in ; 3). s
3、th. differ from sth .用介词 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空。(1) We differ from, with him on, about, upon that question. (2) The two nations differ _ culture and religion. (in)(3) The climate here differ _ that of the South. （from, with）2. undertake vt.The procedure is difficult to undertake, of cou
4、rse. 当然, 这个过程很难实施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从事这项实施。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承接这项变革的案子。 The lawyer undertook a new a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。undertake是及物动词, 主要有两个义项: 着手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。 (1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行). (undertake a journey)
5、(2) He _ _ _ _ (承担一项新任务). (undertake a new task)3. disturbing adj.Then came disturbing news that Dolly became seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 disturb vt. 扰乱, 使不安, 弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的, 动乱的, 不安的；disturbing adj. 令人不安的。特别提示: 现在分词表示: 令人怎么样
6、, 过去分词表示: 被使得怎么样, 感到怎么样。 如: an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到)惊奇的人们用disturb, disturbing,填空。(1) Im very _ about Alice. (disturbed)(2) Dont _ the papers on my desk. (disturb) (3) This country is in a _ state. (disturbing)(4) What _ news it is! (disturbing)(5
7、) A light wind _ the surface of the water. (disturbed)4. object v. objection n. 观察示例:On the other hand , Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面, 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对 激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。I feel a strong objection to getting up early. 我极不愿意
8、早起。Have you any objection to my opening the window? 你反对我打开窗子吗？My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much. 我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。vi. We object to being treated like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。 I object to the plan. 我反对这项计划。 I object that he is too young to take that position. 我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个职位。 object
9、 作不及物动词时后接介词to或against. 作及物动词时可接that引导的从句。 objection是名词，常与have, take, feel 等连用构成词组： have objection to take objection to feel objection to句型转换(1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window? (2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking. (object to)(3) “But
10、 he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young. (objected)5. forbid vt. Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府开始感到不安, 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 公共场所应禁止吸烟。Her father forbid her to go out alone. 她父亲不许她单独外出。I forbid y
11、ou entering my study. 我不许你进入我的书房。forbid 是不及物动词, 常见的搭配有：forbid + sth. doing sth.sb. to do sth.sb. doing sth.sb. sththat(1) The school forbid the students to smoke (禁止学生吸烟).(2) He is forbidden to enter the room (进入这个房间). 6. accumulate vt. Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulate
12、 evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。 The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。 vi . Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。 accumulate可作及物动词和
13、不及物动词，表示:收集，聚集，堆积。 另外 accumulation n. 积聚 如: the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚1) He quickly accumulated large fortune (积蓄了一大笔财富).(2) Clouds began to accumulate in the sky (在天空中聚集).7. retire vi.He retired at the age of 65. 他65岁退休。 He will soon retire from the army. 他不久将退役。 The men went on talking wh
14、ile the ladies retired. 男人们继续交谈, 而女士们退到了客厅。 She retired early that night. 那天晚上她就寝得早。 retire 作不及物动词时有两个义项：退役, 退职；退出，退后，从餐厅回到客厅, 就寝（较go to bed正式）。(1) He worked as a guard after _ _ _ _ (退役). (retiring from the army)(2) The troops _ _ _ _ (从战地退了回来). field n. 战地 (retired from the field)8. bothervt. Howe
15、ver, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 但是, 她后来得了严重的肺病这个问题让科学家们感到烦恼。Dont bother yourself about me. 别为我担心。 Does the noise bother you much? 那噪音使你深感困扰吗？vi. Shall I help you? 要我帮忙吗？ Dont bother. Ill do it myself. 不用麻烦, 我会自己做。 Dont bother to call. 不用打电话来。n. I
16、 found the house without any bother. 我毫不费事地找一了那座房子。 What a bother you are! 你真讨厌！bother 作及物动词表示: 烦扰，打扰; 作不及物动词表示: 麻烦，费事 作名词表示: 麻烦，麻烦的事，引起麻烦的人 构成的短语有： bother about sth. / bother with sth. / bother to do sth.(1) The neighbours were bothered by the noise of the party. 邻居们被聚首的噪音所困扰。(2) Dont bother him wh
17、ile he is working. 他工作的时候不要打扰他。(3) Did you have much bother finding the address? 你找到那个地址费了很大周折吗？9. resist vt. Others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children. 其他的将存活下来并传递人其后代抵抗这种病的能力。 They resisted the attack. 他们抵抗那次攻击。She resisted being carried off. 她拒绝被带走。She c
18、ould not resist the temptation. 她无法抗拒那项诱惑。The books can be obtained from the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里取得。 His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。resist 作及物动词主要有三个义项: 抵抗, 对抗；抵挡, 防止；（与cannot, could not连用）无法抗拒, 无法抵挡。(1) 我无法抵挡巧克力。 I cannot resist chocolate. (2) 他们决定留下来抵抗敌人。 They decided to st
19、ay and resist the enemy.10. obtain vt.观察示例: Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同时你将获得大量的知识。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她1996年获得博士学位。The books can be obtained from the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里取得。 His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。(1) She has obtained a driv
20、ing license. 她已经取得了驾驶执照。(2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. 他获得了北京大学的入学资格。obtain 指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。get指得到, 所取得的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。gain指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。B：重点词组1. cast down 使沮丧 观察示例: Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
21、 克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。 Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！cast down有两个义项：毁掉；使沮丧，cast away丢弃, cast off 放弃；丢弃, cast out赶走。(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 He was cast down to hear the news. (2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。Finding out the truth made him cast down.2. in favour of 赞成；有利于 (favor) 观察示例:Is
22、it in favor of cloning or against cloning? 他赞成还是反对克隆? The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分是80比78，客队获胜。 The exchange rate is in our favour today. 今天的兑换率对我们有利。in favour of 赞成, 支持, 与against相对。(1) 法院作了有利于老人的判决。The court decided in favour of the old man. (2) 他赞成这项计划吗？Is he in favour of
23、the plan?3. be bound to 注定；有义务做 观察示例: Dollys death, like her birth was bound to raise worries. 多莉的死和她的生一样，注定要引起忧虑。 The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。I feel bound to tell you that you are drinking to much. 我觉得有必要对你说, 你酒喝得太多了。be bound to do sth.有两个义项: 注定, 一定会; 有法律责任或义务做某事。(1) Im n
24、ot bound to please her. 我没有义务要讨好她。 (2) He is bound to win. 他一定能赢。4. from time to time 有时；偶尔 观察示例 From time to time people suggest that the Animals that have disappeared from the earth, like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought Back to life through cloning. 人们时常设想从地球上消失的动物, 例如恐龙, 有可能通过克隆技术使它们复活。The car
25、 manufacturers changed the car models from time to time. 汽车制造商不时地改变车的型号。from time to time 有时, 间或, 偶尔，= occasionally, now and then。(1) 他有时变得很没有道理。 He becomes quite unreasonable from time to time. (2) 他们有时吵架。They quarrel from time to time.5. pay off (事业、计划等) 成功 观察示例 You must find this hard at first, b
26、ut it pay off when you come to speak. 开始你会觉得很难，但当你开始讲的时候，就会得到好处。 He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。In the end he paid off all his debts. 最终他还清了所有的债务。pay off 有三个义项：成功；付清薪水并解雇；偿还（债务等）。(1) 他在父亲的帮助下还清了全部债务。He paid off all his debts with the help of his father. (2) 你的努力会有好结果的。 Your effort is sure to pay off.