1、 高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家专题09 定语从句（学）定语从句定语从句是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有插入语的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【重点知识整合】在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose,
2、 as，关系副词有when, where, why。一、关系词的基本用法who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语关系代词whom 指人，在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 关系副词as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.（2）The book whi
3、ch/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.（6）Ill never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.（7）I wont forget the factory where
4、/ in which my father worked.（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。He did everything that he could to help us.2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last
5、 , few , just 等修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.5、先行词既有人又有物时，Later they talked of thi
6、ngs and persons that they remembered in the school.6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）China is no longer the count
7、ry that it used to be.9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。I dont like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用that时情况1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3
8、、先行词本身是that时：Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4、先行词后有插入语时，Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。He is an engineer, which I am not。关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。I have
9、the same book as you（have）.Take as many as you want.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.四、关系代词的省略情况1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又
10、在句末时。This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。五、带介词的定语从句1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.The man to whom I spoke is a friend
11、 of mine.3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.4、代词/数词+of +关系代词He has written many books, most of which are for children.We have many students
12、, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词：He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.6、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词：He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。
13、He is the man whose father died last week.That is the reason why I didnt open the door.七、as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.The earth, as we know, moves r
14、ound the sun.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:as has been said aboveas anybody can seeas we had expectedas (it) appearsThings are not always as they appear
15、.5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。After that things improved, which a
16、stonished me.Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.He was married again, which was unexpected.八、定语从句运用中的注意点1、是用the one还是用that , which, where.（1）Is this school _ you s
17、tudy in?（2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one where E. the one that / which 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (th
18、at/ which)2、是用when还是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together.（2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army.A. that/ whichB. when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.3、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he u
19、sed to live that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。4、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.（2）定语
20、从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：The news that he had been back surprised us all. The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.欢迎访问“高中试卷网”http:/sj.fjjy.org 高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！