1、2011高考英语语法 不定式考点不定式是高考重要考点,不少内容理解难度较大,考生在这些方面容易失分。不定式的形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，作用也很大，最能体现英语独特的形式特征，因此命题人热衷于使用它来作为考查武器就不足为怪了。下面笔者分类整理了近年高考对其的考查情况，然后逐一进行分析，希望能对同学们学习备考这一重点内容有一个比较大的帮助。考点一、不定式的时态和语态点拨：大多数情况下不定式以一般式形式出现,但不少情况下可能会出现时态、语态的形式,如进行式、完成式、被动式等。 【经典考例】-Is bob Still performing ? -Im afraid not . He is said
2、 _ the stage already as he become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 解析：本题答案为A。根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”，要用不定式的完成形式，当然要用主动形式。 【经典考例】 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：答案为B。动词不定式
3、与only 连用表示未曾预料的结果， to be told的意思为“被告之”，用不定式的被动语态。 考点二、不定式的功能 点拨：不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，它具有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语或宾语；具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语。1 形容词性 【经典考例】Paul doesnt have to be made _ .He always works hard. (NMET2005重庆卷) A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 解析：答案为B。 不定式结构be made to stud
4、y 作主语补足语，如果是make sb. study ，也就是它的主动形式的话，则不带to 的不定式结构作宾语补足语。 【经典考例】 Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _ ? A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 解析：答案为B。不定式to buy 作anything 的定语，表示将要买的东西。 【经典考例】 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it
5、 remains _ whether they will enjoy it . ( NMET 2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 解析：答案为B 。这是一个主语从句，it 作形式主语， whether they will enjoy it 作真正的主语。Remain 后接to do sth. 作表语。see 与主语从句之是动宾关系，所以要用to be seen 作remains 的表语。2副词性 【考例1】He hurried to the booking office only_that all the tickets had be
6、en sold out.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 解析：答案为A。不定式的动词原形在这里作结果状语，意思为：只是发现了所有的票都卖光了。【经典试题】 It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports starts. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 解析：答案为C。本题考查不定式作目的状语，“球迷们等在体育场外面，目的就是为了仅仅看一下这些体育明星们。”
7、 【经典试题】He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to have found B. finding C. found D. to find 解析：本题答案为D。“他匆忙地赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了”。不定式位于句子的后部，表事先没有预料到的情况，作结果状语。 3名词性 【经典考例】 When asked by the police , he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arri
8、ve; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 解析：答案为C。remember 后跟动名词作宾语，表示“记得做过某事”，跟不定式结构作宾语，表示“记住要做某事”，根据句子的意思“记得到过舞会，但不是离开舞会” ，都要选动名词结构。 【经典考例】In fact _ is hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 解析：答案为D。真正的主语是不定式短语to keep orde
9、r in an important football match。这样的句子主语就显得太长而导致句子得结构不平衡，所以D为正确答案。考点三：不定式的省略 点拨：不定式的省略我们可以看分作两种，一种是不定式符号“to”后省略实义动词的形式；另一种则是对不定式符号“to”的省略。 【经典考例】The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not 解析：解析：答案为A 。tell sb. to do sth.
10、的意思是“让某人做某事”。在英语中，为了避免重复，常用省略形式，在这个句子中省略了do it 。选项B 如果加上it ，也可以选B 。 【经典考例】 Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always work hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 解析：答案为B 。 make , let , have ,see, feel ,watch ,notice 等动词，后面接不定式作宾补时，不定式不带，例如：As youve never been there before , Ill have someon
11、e show you the way. (1990上海) 。但是，这类动词用语被动结构时，作主语补足语时的动词不定式必须带to 。 考点四：不定式的否定形式 点拨：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符号“to”前直接加上not， 有时为了强调也可以用否定词never 来否定。【经典考例】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 解析：答案为B 。动词不定式to make li
12、fe easier 和not to make it more difficult 都作is 的表语，做这类题目时，要比较非谓语动词的形式，前后要保持相同，后面不能省略to。考点五：不定式的搭配形式点拨：一般情况下不定式都是独立存在的,但强调不定式所表动作的时间、地点、内容、方式等时,不定式可出现疑问词+不定式的结构;强调不定式所表动作的使用工具、范围等时应使用不定式+介词的结构。这些结构形式新颖,考生常难以识别。 【经典考例】It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it wh
13、at to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 解析：答案为C。本题考查“疑问词不定式”和动词短语do with 的用法，根据本题的意思可以看出，由于know 不可以直接跟动词不定式而排除D；“疑问词 不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置于前面，从而排除what do with 实际上是一个常用的短语，在短语中what 作do 的宾语，句中的it 作介词with的宾语，故选C。【经典考例】There are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy
14、. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 解析：答案为B。分析语境逻辑可知,该空表从中挑选,应填不定式+介词,创新结构to choose from作后置定语,表选择的范围。 巩固练习：1. My dad promised to buy a new car and _ it.A. that he would let me drive B. to let me drive C. that I would ask him to drive D. promised to let me drive2. I didnt
15、 hear you come in last night. Thats good. We tired _ noisy. A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be3. He spoke in such a high voice _ at the farther end of the room. A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear4. _ a long story short, he wanted to marry her and get a lot of money.
16、A. Make B. to make C. Tom have made D. Making5. _ the truth, she is really tired of cooking. A. I am to tell B. told C. Telling D. To tell6. I dont understand that sentence. Lets get Tom _ that sentence again. A. explain B. to explain C. explained D. explaining7. We all think it most foolish _ this
17、mistake. A. for you to make B. of you to make C. of your making D. for your making8. Does anybody want to do this extra job? Whom would you rather _, David or me? A. have to do B. to do C. do D. have do9. I thought you had planned to practice the piano today. I did nothing but _ letters all day. A.
18、write B. to write C. wrote D. writing10. I hear that you and Francis will spend your vacation in Nepal next spring. Yes, we are planning _.A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it 答案与简析：1. B promised to do答应干某事，这里and连接两个并列的不定式作动词promise的宾语。2. D 注意不定式的否定式要把not放在to的前面。3. A so/suchas to如此以致于，根据句意他说得高是为了被别人听见，所
19、以不定式要用被动形式。4. B 不定式作状语，表示目的，5. D 不定式作状语，表示结果。6. B 固定短语get sb to do something“让某人干某事”。7. B 在句型its + adj. + of/for sb to do something中，当形容词修饰人时，用of引导逻辑主语；当形容词修饰后面的不定式时，用for引出逻辑主语。8. D would rather have somebody do something意为“宁愿让某人干某事”。9. A but介词“除了”，后接带to的不定式，但当主句谓语动词是do的某种形式时，要省略不定式符号to。10. A 为了避免重复常将不定式to后的部分省略，即we are planning to (spend our vacation in Nepal next spring)。