1、单元综合测评(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A(2016海淀区期中)Tips for Cycle TripsCycling has many advantages as a form of travel, as it is the fastest way to travel by human power and slow enough to allow the type of local involvement that is impossible with powered travel.Cycle
2、travel is a cheap form of transportation.DistanceOn level terrain(地形)，without a headwind, a cyclist of average fitness on a touring bike can comfortably cover 60120km a day.Distances of up to 250km a day are possible, but anything much beyond 120km will require considerable physical tension and not
3、allow many stops to enjoy the places you visit.For many,80100km a day will be the most suitable distance to aim for, as it will give a sense of achievement and also leave plenty of time for meals and activities.GeographyThe gradient(坡度)of the trip will reduce your range.A basic rule is that for ever
4、y 100 meters of altitude you climb, you should add an extra 15 minutes to your journey time.In hilly or mountainous areas, the easiest routes for cycling are downstream along major rivers, as overall they will be downhill.A long, roundabout route along a river will usually be easier than a short, di
5、rect route over a hill or mountain pass.However, it is worth bearing in mind that the most scenic routes often come from hilly terrain.EatFood choice depends largely on where you are, so see the respective sections for more information about foods. As you will be working hard, its important to get e
6、nough energy in your food. On long trips away from major towns，there may be little quality food available, so be prepared to live on candy bars, prepared meat products and the like if the need arises.SleepWhile you can take a tent with you, many hotels and especially campsites can accommodate cyclis
7、ts. However, there are also some hotels that may be less used to accommodating cyclists. If you are exploring an unfamiliar world asking about the accommodation spares you the search for a new place to stay after a long exhausting day of travel.【语篇解读】本文给我们提出了骑车旅行的几条建议。1Which of the following distanc
8、e does the author suggest to ordinary cyclists a day?A50km.B90km. C130km. D250km.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For many,80100km a day will be the most suitable distance to aim for.”可知，B项正确。【答案】B2From the passage, we can learn that_.Ahigh quality food is easy to get on long tripsBhotels seldom provide accommoda
9、tion for cyclistsCcycling over a mountain is challenging but worthyDit takes cyclists 15 minutes to climb 100m of altitude【解析】细节理解题。根据“Geography”下面的内容可知，骑车爬山是很有挑战性的，但是却是值得的。【答案】C3We can probably read this passage in_.Aa geography bookBa research reportCa science fictionDa travel magazine【解析】推理判断题。由全
10、文可知，这篇文章出自旅行杂志，而非地理课本、研究报告或者科学小说。【答案】DB(2016河南百校联盟高三质监)The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.Indoor air pollution results
11、from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cookingheating and lighting. And they say mo
12、re than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cookstoves. Most of the deaths are in developing countries.Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WH
13、Os Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health.He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.WHO officials say in
14、door pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia(肺炎)and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in subSaharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in
15、 India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cookstoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.WHO experts note some new,
16、 safe and lowcost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction(电或磁) stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.【语篇解读】据世界卫生组织统计，每年数以万计的人死于室内空气污染，其主要原因是质量不好的煤炉造成的污染。4What has been done to reduce indoor air pollution?AThe
17、WHO provided selfless assistance for the poor.BPeople are forbidden to use coal cookstoves inside.CThe WHO issues official advice to cut down pollution.DPeople are taught how to correctly use their stoves.【解析】细节理解题。依据第二段可知，为了解决这个问题，世界卫生组织宣布了新的指导方针，目的是减少室内污染。因此选项C正确。【答案】C5According to WHO officials,
18、we can know that _.Amany people refuse to use clean fuels and technologiesBseven million people die from indoor air pollutionCsimple coal cookstoves cause too many deathsDthe processed coal is dangerous to peoples health【解析】细节理解题。依据第三段的“.4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off
19、by simple coal cookstoves.”可知，室内简易煤炉的污染造成很多人的死亡。【答案】C6It can be concluded from the fifth paragraph that _.Amost children are suffering a lot from lung cancerBsolid fuels are easily producing pollutantsCsubSaharan Africa is the poorest placeDsome countries are at the risk of using up fuels【解析】推理判断题。依
20、据第五段的第三句可知，联合国发现非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区超过百分之九十五的家庭依赖固体燃料做饭，再联系上文提到的燃煤造成的污染问题，由此可见solid fuels产生污染物。【答案】B7What can we infer from the passage?AMore and more will die in the future.BIt is not hard to solve indoor air pollutants.CMost people cannot afford a new stove.DThe WHO will take strong measures.【解析】推理判断题。依据尾段
21、提到的买电磁炉或者使用太阳能灯的价格并不是很高可知，这些产品可以解决污染问题。【答案】BCWorking women make up nearly half of the US.workforce, and 51 percent of professional workers, like doctors, lawyers, nurses and accountants, are female. While climbing the career ladder can be rewarding, it often comes with one big downside: weight gain!
22、New research published this week in the International Journal of Obesity shows that working women are more likely to be overweight, and the more you work, the more pounds youre likely to pile on. Like many women, I work.a lot! As a selfemployed nutrition communications specialist, I sit at my desk,
23、in front of a computer, for hours on end. Sitting alone is one of the worst things you can do for your health, and its directly linked to being overweight and increased fatness, so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isnt that surprising. If you work, you have less time to move around.
24、Obesity(肥胖症)researchers are revealing many other ways that employment is harmful to your diet and waistline.In the International Journal of Obesity study, some 9,276 Australian women aged 4550 had their body weight and employment status monitored for two years. Results? Those who worked more than 35
25、 hours were likely to gain weight compared to those who worked fewer hours or were out of the workforce. Whats more, the more hours a woman worked in a week, the more weight she gained. The authors of the Australian study attribute weight gain among working women to inactivity, lack of time for food
26、 preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol. Ill also add in travel, meals eaten out and working at night as other factors that I can find to make balancing work with a healthy diet a challenge.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了职场女性更趋向于长胖的原因。8The text
27、above is probably taken from_.Aa sports reportBa fashion journalCa health and fitness magazineDan advertisement post【解析】推理判断题。文章主要阐述的是职场女性易发胖的问题，且引用了“International Journal of Obesity”的调查，故答案为C。【答案】C9A woman who works as an accountant is more likely to_.Again more weightBhave more time to move around
28、Cwork a full time jobDkeep a balanced diet【解析】细节理解题。由第一段可知“accountant”为“working women”的典型代表，且由第二段“so the fact that women in the workforce gain weight isnt that surprising”可知，答案为A。【答案】A10Which is NOT the cause of working women weight gaining according to the passage?ALacking time for food preparation
29、.BUsing more prepared food.CConsuming too much alcohol.DTaking part in more activities.【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话中“.lack of time for food preparation, more use of prepared foods, high levels of stress, lack of sleep and consuming more alcohol.”可知，答案为D。【答案】D11What can be a suitable title for the test?ALess
30、 activity leads to fat.BWays of gaining weight.CEffects of weight gaining.DWorking women are more likely pile on pounds.【解析】主旨大意题。由文章的第一段可确定，本文是关于职场女性肥胖问题及原因的分析，答案为D。【答案】DDYour friends lives may look more exciting than yours on Facebook，but new research shows that is because they are faking(伪造)it.A
31、recent survey has found around twothirds of people on social media post images(图像) to their personal information to make their lives seem more adventurous.And more than three quarters of those asked said they judged their peers(同龄人)based on what they saw on their Instagram，Snapehat or Facebook pages
32、.The British survey，by smartphone maker HTC，found that，in order to make our own pages and lives appear more exciting，six percent also said they had borrowed items to include in the images in order to pass them off as their own.More than half of those surveyed said they posted images of items and pla
33、ces purely to show off，causing jealousy among friends and family.Behavioural psychologist Hemmings said the trend was unsurprising due to the rise of social media.“Were living in a world of instant communication.”she said.“Fashion and style used to live and die in magazines；now people are in search
34、of authentic，peertopeer recommendations as well，making social media an equal power house to magazines and newspapers.”“With images being shared in an instant we desire to know what our friends are wearing，or what super stars are buying, as soon as they have got them.” Such is the influence of social
35、 media sites like Instagram,76 percent of those asked also said seeing items on social media influences them to buy them，with men more likely to take style advice and buy what they see.【语篇解读】本文介绍了人们喜欢在网上上传图片，结果导致同龄人之间的相互攀比、嫉妒，以及社交媒体对人们生活的影响。12How do some people make their lives appear more exciting?
36、ABy buying pictures.BBy posting images.CBy making up stories.DBy risking their lives.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知人们通过上传图片来让生活更加令人兴奋。【答案】B13What does the underlined word “jealousy” in Paragraph 3 mean?AEnvy. BConflict.CAdventure. DMisunderstanding.【解析】词义猜测题。 根据该句前半部分的“they posted images of items and places
37、 purely to show off”可知该词的意思是“嫉妒”。【答案】A14What can we learn from Hemmings?AThe trend reflects the development of social media.BFashion and style no longer exist in magazines.CMagazines and newspapers are less important.DThe trend is beyond peoples expectation.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“.the trend was unsurp
38、rising due to the rise of social media.”可知这种趋势反映了社交媒体的发展。【答案】A15Which of the following best describes social media like Instagram?APersuasive. BCreative.CPositive. DHonest.【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段社交媒体影响人们的购物习惯可知，社交媒体是有“说服力的”。【答案】A.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016德州市高三期中考
39、试)Sunglasses are an essential item for everyday use but also for specialized sports and activities.Sunglasses protect the eyes from harmful UV rays(紫外线)，which occur even when it is cloudy，which is why wearing sunglasses at all times outside and while driving is an important concept to remember._16_T
40、here are a few ways to go about choosing the best type of sunglasses.Proper FitFirst of all，you want to pick a pair of sunglasses which fit your face and head region properly.After all，sunglasses that are ill fitting will not adequately protect your eyes from the sun and will be an annoyance to wear
41、._17_ Make sure that they cover the eyes completely and fit on the facial area.UV Ray ProtectionWhen youre driving or in sunlight bright enough to make you squint(眯眼)，you should wear glasses.They will help you block at least 60 percent of UV rays.You should be aware of the UV ray protection listed o
42、n the pair of sunglasses. _18_Style of SunglassesIt is also important to consider the style of sunglasses.You want to pick a style which is fashionable and suits your individual tastes the best.You will have your choice of brand name fashion sunglasses，sport sunglasses or those of the general，everyd
43、ay wear variety._19_Reasonable CostMost individuals want to purchase sunglasses within a set budget.If you find a pair of sunglasses，you shouldnt end the shopping trip right then and there._20_ In this way，even if you are shopping with cost in mind，you will be sure to find a pair of sunglasses which
44、 not only strike your fancy but suit your wallet as well.AThe best way to achieve proper fitting sunglasses is to try them on.BMake sure the sunglasses cover your eyes and nobody will recognize you.CKeeping in mind where you want to wear your sunglasses will help you to pick the right pair.DKeeping
45、the level in mind will help you to choose the right pair with eye protection.EIt is true that sunglasses allow every woman to pretend she is a movie star.FWhen buying sunglasses，you may wonder which suit you best and which are best for your eyes.GShop around to look for sunglasses which are on sale
46、or are simply reasonably priced as they are.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了太阳镜的作用以及如何选择最好的太阳镜。16F下一句谈到如何选择好的太阳镜，所以此处是指在买太阳镜时你可能不知如何去选。所以选F。17A本段谈到选太阳镜要大小合适，A项中的proper fitting恰好符合上下文及该段标题。18D此处谈论太阳镜保护眼睛免受紫外线的危害，D项中eye protection正好符合题意。19C本段谈论太阳镜的款式，C项中的挑选正好符合题意。20G最后一段谈论太阳镜的价格，这与G项中的on sale和priced相吻合。.完形填空(共20小题；
47、每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2016广东省金平区高三调研)Minnie was very popular with her friends. Every year, her classmates voted her as their favorite student and she was always _21_ of having so many friends. One day the 10yearold girl was caught talking and _22_ in class and
48、 was ordered to stay back after school as a punishment. She had to help in the school _23_ for at least one hour. It is also a rule that once in a month the one getting _24_ could ask a friend to do that for him if he is busy. And of course, he had to _25_ the favor within the same month.It was the
49、last day of that month and Minnie had promised to go to the airport and see her uncle Tom from New York while he was waiting for his connecting _26_ to Florida. She was sure someone would stand in for her out of _27_.She turned to Peres, her best friend. But Peres said she had to coach her brother f
50、or his _28_ test. “The kid cant even calculate _29_ without my help.” She spent a lot of time talking about her brothers learning _30_.“Morris, could you take my _31_ this afternoon？” Minnie asked another friend, who often stayed _32_ at school. “To help the librarian? I have to _33_ my cousins birt
51、hday with her family.” and then Morris _34_.By now, Minnie began to _35_ if even one of her friends would agree to stay. She tried three more but all of them _36_. No one said “no”_37_， but everyone was giving his or her reason why they couldnt stay back for her.Finally, Minnie stayed to help the li
52、brarian, Mr. King. When he found her unhappy about being unable to keep her _38_ with her uncle, he allowed Minnie to _39_， which turned her tears into a big smile. “You seem to have a lot of friends，” Mr. King said, “But you should _40_ that a friend in need is a friend indeed.”【语篇解读】Minnie的经历告诉我们患
53、难朋友才是真正的朋友。21A.afraid Bproud Cashamed Daware【解析】be proud of “以为荣”；be afraid of“害怕”；be ashamed of “为而感到羞愧”；be aware of “知道”。她以有如此多的好朋友而感到自豪。【答案】B22A.laughing BlearningCthinking Dbegging【解析】一天，她被抓住上课谈笑被留校。laugh“笑”；learn “学习”；think “想”；beg “乞求”。【答案】A23A.lab BplaygroundCoffice Dlibrary【解析】由33空前的libraria
54、n(图书馆管理员)可知，选D项。她需要在学校图书馆帮忙至少一小时。library“图书馆”；lab“实验室”；playground“操场”；office“办公室”。【答案】D24A.praised BpuzzledCinjured Dpunished【解析】如果忙，被罚的人可以请朋友代他受罚。get punished“受罚”。【答案】D25A.return BspendCwaste Dshare【解析】当然，在当月，他需要归还朋友的帮忙。return “归还”；spend “花费”；waste “浪费”；share“分享”。【答案】A26A.ferry BflightCrocket Dcoac
55、h【解析】前面的airport可知，应该是航班。【答案】B27A.guilt BrespectCfriendship Dgratefulness 【解析】她相信一定会有人出于友谊而帮助她。不是出于负罪感、尊重或者感激。【答案】C28A.chemistry BmathCsport Dart【解析】由空后的“The kid cant even calculate.”可知，Peres要帮助弟弟补习数学。【答案】B29A.in all Babove allCfor all Dat all 【解析】没有我的帮助，他甚至不会计算。at all用于否定句或者疑问句中，表示强调；in all “总共”；abo
56、ve all “首先”；for all “为了所有人”。【答案】D30A.disabilities BadvantagesCinterests Dachievements【解析】她谈论的是弟弟的学习障碍。disability“障碍，残疾”；advantage“好处”；interest“兴趣，利息”；achievement“成就”。【答案】A31A.order BplaceCchair Dseat【解析】take ones place “代替某人”；take ones order “点菜”； take ones chair “坐下”；take ones seat “就坐”。【答案】B32A.ou
57、tside BbelowCbetween Dbehind 【解析】stay behind“留下不走”。【答案】D33A.congratulate BexpectCcelebrate Dmemorize【解析】我必须去庆祝堂兄弟的生日。celebrate“庆祝”；congratulate“祝贺”；expect“期望”；memorize“记忆”。【答案】C34A.fled BprayedCslept Dshouted【解析】说完，Morris就急忙走了。flee “逃走”；pray “祈祷”；sleep “睡觉”；shout “喊叫”。【答案】A35A.doubt BbelieveCdeny Da
58、dmit【解析】此时，Minnie开始怀疑她的朋友能否有人愿意替她。doubt“怀疑”；believe“相信”；deny“否认”；admit “承认”。【答案】A36A.agreed BignoredCaccepted Drefused【解析】她又找了三个人，但是他们都拒绝了她。refuse “拒绝”；agree“同意”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；accept “接受”。【答案】D37A.hopefully BdirectlyCsuccessfully Dsincerely【解析】没有人直接拒绝，但是所有人都有理由不留下来替她。【答案】B38A.distance BbreathCappoi
59、ntment Dbalance【解析】keep appointment with sb.“和某人的约会”。【答案】C39A.leave BscreamCbreak Dcontinue【解析】图书馆管理员金先生让Minnie离开去接她叔叔去了。【答案】A40A.forget BfinishCrealize Dhandle【解析】你看起来好像有很多朋友，但是你要知道患难朋友才是真正的朋友。realize“知道，意识到”；forget “忘记”；finish “结束”；handle “处理”。【答案】C.语法填空(共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单
60、词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Louis invited his friends to lunch one day. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 41._(find) that he had run out of salt. So Louis called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 42._ too little.”His son l
61、ooked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less，43._ not save a bit of money？”“That would be a very 44._(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Louis said.Louiss guests, 45._ had heard their conversation, aske
62、d why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Louis replied, “The only reason why a man would sell sale 46._ a lower price would be that he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle of the man w
63、ho worked very hard to produce 47._.”“But such a small thing couldnt 48._(possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 49._ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 50._(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we
64、 have ended up today.”【语篇解读】本文通过Louis叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。41【解析】考查时态语态。在主格人称代词he后应为谓语动词，“invited”用一般过去时。由语境suddenly可知，用一般过去时。【答案】found42【解析】考查固定搭配，表示“既不也不”，构成并列连词故用“neither.nor.”。【答案】nor43【解析】考查句意理解。why not do sth.“何不做某事”是固定句式。【答案】why44【解析】考查词性转化。在名词前作定语要用形容词。“thing”需一个形容词修饰，ver
65、y也只能修饰形容词，故用reasonable。【答案】reasonable45【解析】考查定语从句。关系代词在从句中作主语，指代前面的先行词“guests”。 指人，故用who。【答案】who46【解析】考查固定介词短语与price搭配，表示“以更低价格”用 at a lower price。【答案】at47【解析】考查代词。it 指代salt。【答案】it48【解析】考查词性转化。提示词修饰动词“destroy”，用副词，故用possibly。【答案】possibly49【解析】考查冠词。amount为单数可数名词，第一次出现，表示一个很小的数量。a small amount of“少量的”
66、。【答案】a50【解析】考查非谓语作伴随状语。因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。【答案】thinking.短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Pet
67、er，I am writing to ask that you are able to do me a favor.I want to have a penfriend，hopefully，a girl in her early twenties，and with interests similarly to mine.In my mind，he is someone interesting in travelling，swimming，and playing table tennis.However，it would be better for her to have a pet dog a
68、s I have been kept one at home for some time.With such a penfriend，I hope I can share with her our experiences in travelling，taking care pets，or whatever we have in common.I believed I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her countries.I am looking forward to hear from you soon.B
69、est regards，Li Hua【答案】Best regards，Li Hua.书面表达(满分25分)(2016长春市高三质监)当今社会很多人想助人为乐却有所顾虑，请你给二十一世纪英文报写一封信，讲述你的同学李华在放学途中帮助一位摔伤老人的事情。要点如下：1事情的经过；2你的感想。注意：1词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear editor，Nowadays, an increasing number of people are reportedly unwilling to help others._Yours，Reader【参考范文】
70、Dear_editor，Nowadays,_an_increasing_number_of_people_are_reportedly_unwilling_to_help_others.However, Li Hua acted differently.One day, on her way home, Li Hua came across an old man lying on the ground, seriously injured in the leg. She immediately stopped, called 120 and practiced first aid. Soon,
71、 the ambulance came. When everything was OK, she left for home.Such is Li Hua, a helpful, positive and optimistic person. Although there might be misunderstanding or even trouble when we do good, I strongly believe that she has done the right thing. As responsible citizens, it is our duty to help people in need. Also, helping others means helping ourselves in a sense, doesnt it?Yours，Reader
