1、题型综合练(四)(限时65分钟). 阅读理解AWhile many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that weve “summered”. “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun. Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it wa
2、s easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didnt feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns. “The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language, ” says Patr
3、icia OConner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal
4、, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, in The Elements of Stylethe Bible for the use of American English have this to say, “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect. ” The Chicago Manual of Style take
5、s a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care. “Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them, ” says OConner. Thats why were comfortable“hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any
6、rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesnt offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verifying” a noun if its easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure its descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says. In the end, however, style is s
7、ubjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English”. Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象。据专家估计20
8、%的英语动词原本是名词, 但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词, 因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了阐述。1. From this passage we know that the verbing of nouns _. A. is accepted by many grammariansB. is more accepted by children than adultsC. hasnt been rare in the past centuryD. will easily be replaced by existing verbs【解析】选C。推
9、理判断题。根据第三段的“Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns. ”(自1900年以来, 大约40%的新动词来自名词)可知, 在过去的一个世纪里, 名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。2. What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns? A. Predictable. B. Practicable. C. Approaching. D. Impossible. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“并不是所有的新创词语都被广泛使用,
10、 但是想要完全停止动词的使用, 还是算了吧”可知, 作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的, 故选D。3. What is the best title for the text? A. Are There Any Rules for Verbing? B. Are You Comfortable about a New Verb? C. Are Summering and Medaling Annoying? D. Are 40 Percent of All New Verbs from Nouns? 【解析】选C。标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 英语语言中有“名词动用”的语言现象, 大多数专
11、家对“名词动用”的使用持谨慎态度, 但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词, 因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。本文用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎, 故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括, 故C选项(Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗? )可以作为本文标题, 故选C。B“What is the biggest challenge of graduate school? ” an undergraduate asked the group of graduate students at an event I h
12、elped organize last summer. “Not letting the support from my community turn into pressure, ” one member responded. That answer might have surprised some, who probably expected to hear about experiments that didnt work or trudging through academic materials. But I understood exactly what she meant. T
13、hroughout my education, friends and family have expected me to take advantage of every opportunity I come across because I may not get the same chance again. They expect me to give outstanding performances everywhere I go because I represent them and our culture. Mentors(导师) expect that I will never
14、 give up. This has been a great source of motivation, but also of pressure. I remembered a conversation with a mentor. At the end of my first year of graduate school, I struggled with a strong desire to leave the program with a masters degree. I was accustomed to hearing “Dont give up” and “You have
15、 to finish”words that were meant to be motivational. Instead, they made me feel I would be a disappointment if I left. After I discussed the pros and cons of leaving with my mentor, she responded completely different from what I expected. “I support any decision you make, ” she said. “I will always
16、be proud of you and your achievements. ” Hearing this simple, direct statement of support, I felt every muscle of my body loosen. My mentor knew the right thing to say, but we cant expect the same from everyone. Sometimes, friends and family ask me, “How long until you get your degree? ”As many grad
17、uate students will agree, this question is a stress starter. Now, when people in my communityalways with the best intentionssay something that creates pressure and makes me feel bad, I tell them and we talk about it. I tell them that I prefer to hear, “Do you need someone to talk to? How can I help
18、you through this rough time? ” This was a bit awkward at first. But Ive started to notice a change. These days, I get fewer stress-inducing(引起压力的) questions and comments. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。作者以自身的经历, 叙述了很多人与作者一样面对着一个共同的问题, 即来自周围圈子的支持变成了压力。作者希望来自周围圈子的支持不要变成压力。4. Which can replace the underlined word “tru
19、dging” in Paragraph 1? A. Struggling. B. Seeing. C. Breaking. D. Cutting. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文可知, 那样的回答可能会使一些人感到惊讶, 他们可能希望听到的是“实验不顺利”或“在学术材料的学习中遇到一些困难”。由此可知, 此处“trudging”的意思是“(因疲劳或负重而)步履沉重地走、费力地走”, 与A选项“Struggling”意思相近。故选A。5. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the author? A. He was afraid to l
20、eave his program. B. He appreciated what his mentor said. C. He preferred to discuss pros and cons. D. He had a strong desire to get a masters degree. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 听到这个简单、直接支持的声明, 我感到我身体的每一块肌肉都放松了。所以导师给他的回应出乎他的意料, 使他感受到了真正的支持而非压力。由此推知, 作者感激他的导师所说的话。故选B。6. What does the author prefer to hear
21、 when he needs support? A. Never give up! B. How about a chat? C. Have you prepared for the result? D. Go ahead! I will back you up! 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段可知我告诉他们我更喜欢听, “你需要找个人谈谈吗? 我如何才能帮助你度过这段艰难的时光? ” 一开始这有点尴尬。但我开始注意到这使我的压力有了点儿变化。由此推断, 当作者需要支持的时候, 他更喜欢听到“聊聊怎么样? ”这句话。故选B。【知识拓展】长难句分析Throughout my educati
22、on, friends and family have expected me to take advantage of every opportunity I come across because I may not get the same chance again. 分析: Throughout my education为介词短语作状语; I come across为定语从句, 省略了关系代词that; because引导原因状语从句。 译文: 在我接受教育的过程中, 朋友和家人都希望我能抓住每一个遇到的机会, 因为我可能不会再得到同样的机会。CThe deadliest wildfi
23、re in California history broke out in the town of Paradise on November 8, 2018. It burned for 17 days and destroyed nearly 19, 000 buildings. The beauty of this beautifully named place was gone. Shane Grammer works as a creative director for Disneys theme parks. When his childhood friend Shane Edwar
24、ds posted pictures of his white chimneythe only part of his house to surviveGrammer felt very sad but didnt know how to help him. And then he had an idea. “Ive got to paint that chimney, ” he told Inside Edition. “And it was an opportunity for me to express myself and be an artist. ” On December 31,
25、 Grammer spent three hours spray-painting a black-and-white image of a woman on the chimneya reminder, perhaps, of the beauty of life, or even just of life itself. Grammer posted the image on Instagram. And many viewers said that he had really brought beauty and hope. Suddenly, Grammer realized that
26、 what he had thought was a purely artistic expression had morphed into something deeper, the nature of true art. “When the first mural(壁画) moved so many people in this community, I knew I had to come back up, ” Grammer told KRCR-TV. Over a period of three months he returned eight times, painting 17
27、portraits of victims and figures of the Bible on walls, pickups, and broken buildings. “There is hope, ” he explains. “There is beauty in the ashes. ”Grammers work in Paradise has now become a movement. He has traveled to many places painting murals in dark places that badly needed some light, an or
28、phanage(孤儿院) in Tijuana, Mexico, for example. “I want to do something powerful and create art that moves people, ” he says. That first painting, on the chimney in Paradise, survived only a few monthsthe bulldozer(推土机) is a cruel art critic. Grammer couldnt be more delighted. It means that the spirit
29、 of Paradise is rising again. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了艺术家Grammer在火灾之后的废墟上创作一些有纪念意义的肖像, 给火灾地区带来美和希望, 并把这种做法推广到全世界, 给更多的人带来鼓舞和力量。7. How did Grammer feel when he first saw the picture of the chimney? A. Helpless. B. Terrible. C. Hopeless. D. Ashamed. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grammer felt very sad but didnt know
30、how to help him. ”可知, 当Grammer看到他的朋友在网上发布的火灾后残留的烟囱照片时, 感到无助。故选A。8. What is the probable meaning of the underlined part “morphed” in Paragraph 3? A. Rooted. B. Broke. C. Changed. D. Launched. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段中“And it was an opportunity for me to express myself and be an artist. ”可知, 刚开始时Grammer只想通过
31、绘画来表达自己的想法, 成为一个艺术家。后来“And many viewers said that he had really brought beauty and hope. ” 许多观众说他真的给人们带来了美和希望。于是他意识到, 本以为纯粹的艺术表达已经演变成某种更深层次的东西, 即艺术的真正本质。由此可知, 画线部分的意思接近changed。故选C。9. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The town was lost forever. B. Reconstruction began soon. C. Some people
32、 disliked his works. D. Grammer didnt feel very happy. 【解析】选B。 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That first painting, on the chimney in Paradise, survived only a few monthsthe bulldozer is a cruel art critic”可知, 几个月后, 推土机就把Grammer的作品推倒了, 也就是, 重建工作开始了。故选B。10. What is the best title of this text? A. Artists Creativity Is
33、 Enormous B. Wild Fire Destroyed the Whole TownC. Beauty Exists Everywhere in the WorldD. Artistic Murals Bring Hope to Fire Victims【解析】选D。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了艺术家Grammer 在一个镇子被野火烧毁之后的残垣断壁上喷绘艺术作品, 给那里的人们带来美感和生活的希望。故D选项最具概括性。【知识拓展】长难句分析That first painting, on the chimney in Paradise, survived only a few mont
34、hsthe bulldozer is a cruel art critic. 分析: on the chimney in Paradise为介词短语作状语, 插到主谓之间, 破折号后面解释原因, 相当于原因状语从句。译文: 在Paradise烟囱上的第一幅画, 只保存了几个月推土机是一个残酷的艺术评论家(重建家园的机器把烟囱推倒了)。. 阅读填句Do what you love and love what you do and success will come? Well, we wish. 1It takes more than just passion to succeed in any
35、thing. Passion is just emotion; care is an action. Wishing hard and wanting something really badly wont give you anything. Passion is a barely controllable emotion, and emotion is not always reliable. 2In todays world where people always talk about finding your passion, it still seems vague (模糊的) to
36、 many. On the other hand, if youre asked to find something you care about, its easier for you to take action. 3Theres a lot of work to do besides being enthusiastic. For example, you can be enthusiastic about painting, but if you dont have any art sense and painting skills, you can hardly become an
37、expert in painting. 4The belief that youll do it well anyway as long as you like it is just an illusion. Learn not just what you care about, but whats around that too. When youve got your focus, try to map out the skills you need to get better at that. When you have the learning plan ready, apply th
38、at course you need, get yourself the tools required and start learning and practicing. Success is a way to go, but you can start right now. 5But if youve already got your passion, it will be good enough to make that your foundation and motivation to keep moving. Start mapping out the skills you need
39、 and take action, Instead of passively letting your passion wander around, be active and do something that will push you forward. A. Care is different, it implies actions. B. “Like it” doesnt mean “Good at it”. C. Passion alone doesnt guarantee success. D. However, reality is not as simple as we wan
40、t it to be. E. You are good at something and you need the world to know. F. Desire to make a difference in the world with your strengths. G. To become an expert, you need to be always learning and improving your skill. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了激情在成功路上的作用, 但是要想取得成功, 只有激情是不够的。在成功路上除激情之外, 还需要一些其他因素。1. 【解析】选
41、D。根据空后一句可知, 要想在任何事情上取得成功, 只有激情是不够的。与空前“we wish”的内容之间为转折关系。故D项“然而, 现实并不像我们想的那样简单”符合上下文语境。2. 【解析】选A。根据小标题Passion is just emotion; care is an action. (激情只是情感; 关心是一种行动)以及上一句可知, 激情是一种几乎无法控制的情感, 情感并不总是可靠的。由此可知该空对应“care is an action”, 关心意味着要行动。故选A。3. 【解析】选B。根据后文中“例如, 你可以对绘画充满热情, 但是如果你没有任何的艺术感和绘画技巧, 你很难成为一个
42、绘画专家。”由此可知, 本段旨在说明喜欢一件事情并不意味着你擅长做这件事。故B项“喜欢并不意味着擅长”符合语境。4. 【解析】选G。本句承接上文说明要想成为专家, 需要不断学习和提高技能, 也不是空想。故G项“要成为专家, 你需要不断学习和提高你的技能”符合上下文语境。5. 【解析】选C。后文But表示转折, 说明仅仅有激情并不能保证成功, 但是激情可以成为你继续前进的基础和动力。由此推测, 该处内容与“got your passion”相呼应故选C。【知识拓展】词汇积累controllable adj. 可控制的; 能操纵的reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的enthusiasti
43、c adj. 热情的; 热心的foundation n. 基础; 地基motivation n. 动机; 积极性. 完形填空A Single ButterflyIt was a boiling Spring day. The temperatures felt more like July than May. A thunderstorm had passed over earlier but now the clouds were 1 and the sun had returned. Steam was coming off the 2 sidewalk as I parked my ca
44、r next to the meter and tossed a quarter into it. I 3 into the local store to buy my son a shirt. The air conditioning in there was a welcome 4 from the heat outside. After I made my5 I walked back out into the heat. I got in my car but had to 6 to pull out because of all the cars 7 at the red stop
45、light. I looked out of my car window and saw something on the pavement. A single butterfly was8fluttering its wings but not getting off the 9. It was right in front of a trucks 10 too. Without thinking I got out of my car, held my hand up so the truck driver wouldnt11 forward, and bent down to look
46、at the butterfly. One of its 12 was stuck in what looked like spilt soda. I reached down and as gently as I could 13 the butterfly in my hands. I lifted its leg up and suddenly it was14. I opened my hands and up it flew towards the 15 sun. My own eyes shined brighter and my own heart felt 16 as I wa
47、tched it. Now a lot of people might17 why I would step out into traffic like that to 18 a single butterfly. All I can say is that my heart was 19 me at that moment. And when I was done I felt more like my true self than I had all day. Fill your days with grace, goodness, and love. And your20 will fe
48、el as light as a butterfly. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者在马路上遇见一只粘在地上飞不起来的蝴蝶, 即将被一辆卡车压过, 作者下车救助了蝴蝶。这一行为也让作者意识到: 让日子充满优雅、仁慈和爱, 人们的心就会像蝴蝶一样轻快。1. A. gatheringB. floating C. disappearingD. darkening【解析】选C。gather聚会; float浮动; disappear消失; darken变暗。结合后文and the sun had returned可知, 雷雨过去, 乌云正在消失, 故选C。2. A. wetB. narrow C.
49、 dirty D. straight【解析】选A。根据A thunderstorm had passed over earlier 可知, 刚下过雨, 结合常识判断, 人行道是潮湿的(wet)。故选A。3. A. dragged B. slippedC. broke D. headed【解析】选D。结合后文into the local store to buy my son a shirt可知, 作者走进了一家商店想给儿子买衬衫。故选D。4. A. greeting B. relief C. notice D. sign【解析】选B。结合后文from the heat outside可知, 商
50、店里的空调缓解了外面的炎热。故选B。5. A. choiceB. purchase C. arrangement D. promise【解析】选B。根据上文to buy my son a shirt可知, 此处应为“购买”。故选B。6. A. attemptB. decideC. wait D. struggle【解析】选C。根据下文可知所有的车在红灯前排成了长队, 作者出不去只能等着。故选C。7. A. shown upB. settled down C. broken down D. lined up【解析】选D。 show up 出现; settle down安定下来; break do
51、wn坏掉; line up排队。结合后文at the red stop light可知, 汽车在红灯前排成了长队。故选D。8. A. quicklyB. beautifully C. steadilyD. excitedly【解析】选A。quickly快速地; beautifully漂亮地; steadily稳定地; excitedly兴奋地。结合后文可知, 蝴蝶被困住了, 因此快速地拍打翅膀想要飞起来。故选A。9. A. branchB. ground C. flower D. nest【解析】选B。根据下文I reached down and as gently as I could可知,
52、 我弯下腰去看那只蝴蝶, 由此推断出, 蝴蝶在地面上。故选B。10. A. mirrorB. side C. tyre D. window【解析】选C。结合上文, 作者在马路上, 而蝴蝶在地面上飞不起来, 由此可推断, 蝴蝶的位置应当是在车子的轮胎前面。故选C。11. A. moveB. look C. ran D. bend【解析】选A。结合上文可知, 蝴蝶在车子的轮胎前, 根据空前held my hand up so the truck driver wouldnt _forward可知, 作者举手的目的是示意卡车司机不要往前移动。故选A。12. A. partsB. eyes C. wi
53、ngsD. legs【解析】选D。根据下文 I lifted its leg up 可知, 它的腿陷在了看起来像是洒出来的苏打水里。此处为词汇复现, 故选D。13. A. snapped B. cupped C. raised D. covered【解析】选B。 snap 折断; cup使成杯状, 捧着; raise提起; cover覆盖。结合后文the butterfly in my hands可知, 作者轻柔地将蝴蝶捧在手中。故选B。14. A. afraidB. awakeC. free D. calm【解析】选C。作者解救了被困的蝴蝶, 蝴蝶自由了。故选C。15. A. shining
54、 B. burning C. distant D. rising【解析】选A。shining 灿烂的, 闪亮的; burning燃烧的; distant遥远的; rising上升的。根据第一段and the sun had returned可知下过雨后, 阳光灿烂。故选A。16. A. blanker B. emptier C. softer D. lighter【解析】选D。根据文章最后一句And your _will feel as light as a butterfly可知, 此处指心情更轻松。故选D。17. A. suspect B. wonder C. blame D. analy
55、ze【解析】选B。 suspect 怀疑; wonder想知道; blame责备; analyze分析。结合后文why I would step out into traffic like that可知, 此处指很多人可能会想为什么作者要走到那样的车流中去。故选B。18. A. rescue B. observe C. catch D. follow【解析】选A。句意: 现在很多人可能会想为什么我要走到那样的车流中去拯救一只蝴蝶。rescue 救援; observe观察; catch捕获; follow跟随。根据上文可知作者把蝴蝶救了。故选A。19. A. influencing B. opp
56、osing C. beating D. guiding【解析】选D。作者没有其他什么特殊的原因才救了蝴蝶, 只是因为心的引导。故选D。20. A. observation B. body C. heart D. attention【解析】选C。结合上文my own heart felt可知, 让你日子充满优雅、仁慈和爱, 你的心情就会像蝴蝶一样轻快。故选C。. 语法填空The ancient Greeks looked into the night and saw that some of the brightest stars were moving on a regular basis.
57、They called them “wanderers”planets. A few thousand 1. _(year) later, humanity itself has become the planetary wanderer, by 2. _(send) robots to explore them. The questions we face are not all that different from 3. _ of our forebears: How did the solar system come 4. _ being? Is Earth the only plac
58、e where the ingredients for life were turned into the real thing? Robotic planetary exploration 5. _(begin) half a century ago. More recently, scientists 6. _(attract) by not-so-unbearable conditions in the icy worlds of the outer solar system. New astronomical tools have brought thousands of planet
59、s into view and scientists are on the point of discovering a true Earth twin. The wide range of planets has provided new 7. _(nature) laboratories for scientists to test out models of planetary formation and 8. _(develop). As always, however, the questions remain 9. (rough) the same: Is the solar sy
60、stem 10. _ accident, and Earth even more special? Or could there be fellow travelers on our fellow wanderers? 【文章大意】本文为说明文, 作者讲述了天文学的发展历程。1. 【解析】years。考查名词单复数。 a few thousand 修饰名词复数, 故用years。2. 【解析】sending。考查非谓语动词。介词后用动名词, 故用sending。 3. 【解析】those。考查代词。此处为特指, 指代前面出现的The questions, 故用those。4. 【解析】into
61、。考查固定短语。come into being 产生, 出现, 故用into。5. 【解析】began。考查动词时态。half a century ago 是过去的时间, 故用began。6. 【解析】have been attracted。考查时态、语态及主谓一致。recently用现在完成时态, scientists是复数主语且与attract为被动关系, 被吸引, 故用have been attracted。7. 【解析】natural。考查词性转换。名词laboratories用形容词修饰, 故用natural。8. 【解析】development。考查词性转换。此处指行星的形成和发展
62、, 应用名词, 故用 development。9. 【解析】 roughly。考查副词。副词修饰形容词, 故用roughly。10. 【解析】an。考查冠词。accident为元音音素开头的单数名词, 故用an。【知识拓展】长难句分析The questions we face are not all that different from those of our forebears: How did the solar system come into being? 分析: 该句子中we face为定语从句, 修饰其前的 The questions, 省略连接词that。主干用到了. . . be different from. . . 短语。译文: 我们面临的问题与我们祖先的问题并没有什么不同: 太阳系是如何形成的?
