1、湖南长沙市（芙蓉区）2016高考英语二轮阅读理解能力演练题（6）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 In parts of Africa, the sky is filled with a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts that are traveling across the continent eating everything in their path.And in the battle to stop thi
2、s disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. The radio station is in one of Senegals worst affected regions.This is West Africas biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing
3、huge damage to crops. As they move, they breed, and increase their number and will soon threaten Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach Asia.Experts say the great damage to crops in areas already suffering from food shortages and war could cause many people to go hungry. Governmen
4、ts in the region are not well equipped to fight the pest.Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6,000 hectares per day with pesticide, but we need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this dis
5、aster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania.Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the crisis, the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization warned.1. The purpose of offering people rice for catching locusts in Senegal is _.A
6、. to get more people to eat rice so as to leave less for locustsB. to get more people involved in the war on the locustsC. to prevent more people from starvationD. to get more people to listen to the radio report on locusts2. Which of the following is not the reason for West Africans going hungry?A.
7、 Locust disaster causes the great damage to crops.B. Food supply is far from the need of the people.C. These regions are affected by the war.D. Governments are unwilling to fight the pest.3. It can be concluded that, in order to end the locust disaster, _.A. leaders of 12 countries in West Africa sh
8、ould call on their people to take actionB. insects experts should be sent to these regionsC. other countries outside Africa should keep close watch on their own landsD. Help from all over the world is in urgent demand4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Food shortage in Africa. B. Internati
9、onal aid to Africa.C. The insects attack on Africa. D. Terrible storm in Africa.1. B 推测题。根据第二段意义，广播电台向听众悬赏捕杀蝗虫。可推测出其目的是让更多的人参与到救灾行动中来。2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段意义：专家称一些地区本来就食品匮乏，并饱受战火之苦，而灾害给农作物产量造成的损失更是雪上加霜。许多人因此而挨饿。3. D 推理题。根据短文最后一段的意义：国际社会施以援手是抑制灾情的唯一方法。由此推理可得“国际援助迫在眉睫”。4. C 主旨题。根据短文第一段的描述及下文的阐发可看出本文的主题是“非洲
10、西部的虫灾”。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考模拟题】 New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict w
11、hich individuals on probation(缓刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered. “When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. The question is what level of supervision is appropriate?” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the persons crimi
12、nal record, and their judgment to make decisions. “This research replaces those seat-of-the pants calculations,” he said. Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting su
13、ch a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works. Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future
14、murderers out of 100. Berks software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables. “People assume that if someone murdered then t
15、hey will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we arent anywhere near being able to do that.” “Berks scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of peo
16、ple as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not comm
17、it a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”21. The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean_. A. calculations based on subjective opinions B. calculations based on widespread voting C. calculations made by adv
18、anced technology D. calculations based on serious considering22. For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find? A. 6.5. B. 13. C. 52. D. 65.23. From Para 7, we can infer that_. A. the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the USB.
19、the technology would not be widely accepted in the short termC. whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while youngD. if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation24. Bushways attitude to the technology put forward by Richard Berk is
20、_.A. positive B. negative C. objective D. indifferent25. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Closely Supervise Potential Murders B. Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal BehaviorC. Technology Revolutionizes Judges Way of Working D. Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior【参考答案】 (
21、A) ACBCD 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的四个选项( A. B. C. D ) 中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考模拟题】 That summer an army of crickets(蟋蟀) started a war with my father. Dad didnt care for insects much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few living in the basement. Mamma was a city girl and she said a cricket was just too noisy. Then
22、to support her point she wouldnt go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my fathers cigarettes and paced between the sofa and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the store and hurried back. He sprayed poison from a jug. When he was finished he told us that was th
23、e end of it. For a couple of weeks we went back to find dead crickets in the laundry. He suggested that wed all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didnt like because he scratched for no reason. However, soon live crickets started showing up in th
24、e kitchen and bathroom. Mamma was upset because she thought they were the dead crickets coming back, but Dad said these were certainly new ones. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed all over until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the basement again. A couple of weeks later,
25、 when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the basement of junk. Then he burned a lot of old newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests. While we ate supper that evening, the wind lifted some flames onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the l
26、awn mowers(割草机) fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasnt much anyone could do. After the fire trucks left, Mamma took the others to Aunt Gails. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt carry things out of the house and pile them by the
27、road. We worked into the night and we didnt talk much, while all around the noise of crickets broke our silence. 56. What do we know about the authors mother? A. She didnt like insects at all. B. She liked insects more than his father. C. She cared for insects very much. D. She could only tolerate a
28、 few insects. 57. The authors father drove to the store to buy _. A. cigarettes for himselfB. some poison C. more coffee for his wifeD. some gasoline58. The authors father burned the old newspapers and magazines because he thought _. A. they were no longer useful B. the crickets were afraid of fires
29、 C. they became the home of crickets D. the dead crickets came back to life59. We learn from the last paragraph that _. A. the authors family lost their battle against the crickets B. the authors parents learned to put up with insects C. the authors family didnt suffer much in the fire D. the author
30、s parents got divorced【参考答案】5659、ABCA 社会生活类。In business, theres a speed difference:Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive(竞争的) strategy(策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size
31、. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key momen
32、ts to make sure they were on the right track. Whats more, the firms that“slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than compet
33、itors yet performing better? They thought differently about what“slower” and“faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed(moving quickly)and strategic speed(reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for examp
34、le, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discuss
35、ion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast(相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had l
36、ittle time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top. 1. What does the underlined pa
37、rt “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Increase the speed.B. Get an advantage.C. Reach the limit.D. Set a goal.2. The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means.A. spending more time and performing worseB. spending more time and performing betterC. spending less time and
38、performing worseD. spending less time and performing better3. What can we learn from the text? A. How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B. How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D. Firms guided by operatio
39、nal speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.4. Which could be the best title for the text? A. Improve quality? Serve better. B. Deliver value? Plough ahead. C. Reduce time? Move faster. D. Need speed? Slow down.【参考答案】71.1-4 BDCD 阅读理解。A MENTORING(导师制) program is giving life changing opportun
40、ities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg，the programs founder，said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be
41、life changing and broaden their outlook.”“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example，weve secured internships(实习) with worldfamous firms such as Honda.”“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult
42、to offer this kind of mentoring，it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn,14，is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the pr
43、ogram so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) International Youth Forum(论坛)The event was held for young people from around the world，to se
44、ek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I didnt quite know what to make of it but when we
45、 got there we didnt stop，it was amazing，” he said，“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues(问题) such as drug abuse，violence and unemp
46、loyment.Kieran said：“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit .9The Young Inspirations mentorin
47、g program aims to _.Atrain staff for worldfamous firmsBoffer job opportunities to young adultsCprovide youth with unique experiencesDequip the unemployed with different skills解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences.”可知目的是给青年提供独特的经历。答案C10Accordin
48、g to Alex Goldberg，it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to _.Athe lack of support from firmsBthe cultural differencesCthe effect of unemploymentDthe shortage of money解析推理判断题。由第五段中的“funding cutbacks”(削减资金)可知，缺乏资金给导师制的发展带来了困难。答案D11We can learn from the passage that _.Athe visit to th
49、e United Kingdom was amazingBKieran has made great progress in many aspectsCthe youth have found a way to solve their problemsDthe mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday解析推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and
50、I was voted most improved pupil at school in August. ”可知Kieran在很多方面取得了进步。故选B项。答案B12What would be the best title for the passage?AAlex Goldberg，Founder of Young InspirationsBYoung People Find a World of OpportunityCKieran，Banbury School Pupil to ParisDDebates Help Youth with Their Grades解析标题归纳题。本文主要就Alex Goldberg创建了导师制，给青年人提供了了解社会、获得社会经验的机会，最后这个项目扩大到国际范围，给青年人改变自己和社会的机会。所以正确答案为B。答案B