1、选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversityPeriod 3 Discovering useful structures一、学习目标。1. 掌握名词性从句的意义与用法。2. 名词性从句和其它从句的区别。二、知识重难点：1. 知识重点：名词性从句的含义和结构 2. 知识难点: 名词性从句的运用，与定语从句和状语从句的区别。 三、知识点拨1. 含义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。2. 功能: 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，根据不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句(Nou
2、n Clauses)连接词 (引导词)主语从句that, whether, whom, what, which, when, where, how, why, whoever, whatever, whichever表语从句that, because, whether, if, as if (though), what, who, which, how, when, where, why 宾语从句that, because, whether, if, as if (though), what, who, which, how, when, where, why同位语从句that, what,
3、where, when（1）主语从句在复合句中作主语，常用it置于句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句后置，使句子平衡。常见形式：It is+名词/形容词/过去分词/不及物动词+从句It is a fact/an honor/a rule/common knowledge thatIt is natural/ strange thatIt is reported/ said/ considered thatIt has been proved/ decided thatIt happened/ appears that（2）宾语从句要注意的几个问题：（1）时态呼应 （2）否定转移 （3）形式宾语
4、it的使用 （4）that在引导并列的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省。（3）表语从句在句中连系动词后作表语的从句，有时由as if/ though引导。注意当reason作主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because。（4) 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。3. 易混内容：（1) what和th
5、at在名词性从句中what和that都可作引导词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分，因此，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么；所的事（物、话）”，相当于the thing(s) that。that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不担当任何成分，在口语中和非正式文体中，宾语人像呼表语从句中的that往往可以省略。What youve done might do harm to others.My idea is (that) we should get more comrades to do the work.（2) because和whybecause与why均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。
6、because引导的表语从句说明前面的一个现象所产生的理由，而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下，对这一个现象加以小结。He was ill. Thats why he was late for school.He was late for school. Thats because he was ill.（3) that引导同位语从句还是定语从句引导同位语从句的that无实际意义，在从句中不作任何成分，而引导定语从句的that在从句中作某个成分。He told me the news that our team won the match. (同位语从句)He told me
7、the news that was very exciting. (定语从句)We are interested in the news that some foreigners will visit our school. (同位语从句)We are interested in the news that some foreigners will tell our school. (定语从句)4. 重要内容讲解（1) whether与if名词性从句时的区别 whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whetheror not结构，if后不能紧跟or not，但可构成ifor not结构。I
8、wonder whether/ if Mr. Smith has arrived or not.=I wonder whether or not Mr. Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替) 当宾语从句是否定句时，只可用if而不可用whether。I dont care if she doesnt smile. 当宾语从句为介词宾语时，只可用whether而不可用if。Im worried about whether he was hurt in the accident.Its a question of whether you are fit for a position
9、. 当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时，只可用whether而不可用if。He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher. 后面出现动词不定式时，只可用whether而不可用if。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?I dont know whether to go to college or to find a job. 连接主语从句且置于句首或连接表语从句和同位语从句时用whether而不用if。Whether they will win or lose seems all the
10、same to me.My problem fight now is whether I should go to the airport to see him off.The question whether we should have this house painted must be decided right now. if有多种含义，当“是否”讲时引导宾语从句，当“如果”讲时引导条件状语从句。当if出现在宾语从句中时，如果会引起歧义，应用whether代替if。Please tell me if you agree to do so. (此句有多种含义，如表达“是否”，应用whe
11、ther代替if)Please tell me whether you agree to do so.（2) 疑问词+ever引导名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句的区别“疑问词+ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句，“no matter+疑问词”仅能引导让步状语从句。Whatever words I use cant express my appreciation of your timely help. （名词性从句）Our aim is to select the best person for the job, wherever/ no matte
12、r where they are from. （状语从句）即学即练 单项选择1. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. (2010江苏)A. where B. how C. when D. what2. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his fri
13、ends or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. why3. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国)A. that B. which C. what D. where练案A组 课堂基础练习：一、单项选择1. A big earthquake struck southern Haiti, knocking down buildings and power lines and causing _ its ambassador to the United
14、 States called a catastrophe.A. what B. which C. that D. why2. The Romans originally lived in northwest India in _ is now southeastern Pakistan.A. what B. which C. that D. where3. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. w
15、hen C. that D. which4. _ if you passed the exam you would receive a reward was telling lies.A. Whoever told you that B. Those who told you thatC. No matter who told you D. Whoever told you5. If you want to do the experiment again, youd better be more careful _ you made a mistake.A. when B. why C. th
16、at D. where6. After working on the maths problem for hours, he found _ he thought was the key to it.A. what B. that C. where D. which7. These examples show that all individuals, _ they are rich or poor, should be responsible _ they are involved in law.A. if; when B. if; as long as C. whether; as lon
17、g as D. whether; since8. I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost in the mountain picnic.A. which B. that C. what D. how9. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; becau
18、se10. Where do you plan to work?Ive made up my mind to go _ Im most needed.A. to the place B. to which C. that D. where二、选词填空that when why where1. That is _ our problem lies.2. That is _ he didnt come to the meeting.3. The news _ we own the game is exciting.4. I have no idea _ he will come back home
19、.5. The fact is _ we have lost the game.B组 课外拓展练习：一、下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正.1. My idea is that we must do our homework first.2. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.3. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.4. I dont know if he comes back this month.5. The reason is because he is ill.6. Who leaves last turns off the light.二、完成句子，每空一词1. It never occurred to me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(他可能会遇到麻烦). 2. It was apparent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (他不知道发生了什么).3. The girl is _ _ _ _ _ _ _(已经不是十年前的她了).4. _ _ _(她说的) is true. 5. Things were not _ _ _ _ _ (像它们看上去的那样).