1、练案14必修三Module 2Developing and Developed Countries.阅读理解A(2020山西太原市高三阶段测评)Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straightA student knows, but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child “Youre so smart！” may be counterproductive.Why? According to a 2017 study, children who
2、think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓)from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.In the study, researchers looked at 123 children.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset” (believin
3、g that you can work harder to get smarter), or a“fixed mindset” (believing that your intelligence is unable to change)They then asked the children to complete a fastpaced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity stoppe
4、d within a halfsecond after making a mistake, as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data, they concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more lik
5、ely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”， only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.For parents, the lessons are clear: Dont pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If your ch
6、ildren hands you an A score, dont say, “Youre so smart！” Instead, say, “Wow, that studying really paid off！” or “You clearly mastered this material way to go！”Note the effort, not the intelligence.Besides, many parents shy away from addressing their childrens mistakes, telling them “Its OK.Youll get
7、 it the next time” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong.Instead, its better to reassure your children that mistakes happen, and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力，在孩子犯错后，父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。1Which of the following best explai
8、ns “counterproductive” underlined in Paragraph 1 ？ A AOpposite. BCompetitive.CSuccessful. DUnknown.解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“According to a 2017 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓)from mistakes than children who think intelligence c
9、an grow and change.”可知，根据2017年的一项研究，那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误，并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知，画线词与A项“相反的”含义相近。2How did the children with a“growth mindset” react in the study? D AThey made fewer mistakes.BThey tried to avoid mistakes.CThey had a smaller brain response.DThey focused more on th
10、e mistake.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“The larger the brain response was, the more the child focused on the mistake.”和倒数第二句“Based on the data，they concluded that children with a growth mindset were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.”可推知，具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。3What shou
11、ld be avoided according to the study？ A AOveremphasizing the intelligence.BPaying children compliments.CAddressing childrens mistakes.DOffering chances to find mistakes.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Note the effort，not the intelligence.”可知，应避免过分强调智力。4What should parents say when children make a mistake accordi
12、ng to the text？ D AYou are so careless.BYour studying paid off.CYonIl get it the next time.DLets find out how you made it.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Instead，its better to reassure your children that mistakes happen，and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.”可知，当孩子犯错误时，父母应与其一起弄清错的地方以及如何犯错的。B
13、(2021山东省日照市高三考试)When a laptop or smartphone battery starts losing its power，the only options are to buy an expensive replacement，or just keep it plugged in all the time.But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the answer to this problem.Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices d
14、egraded(降级)over time，until they failed to charge fully.She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on.So，she decided to do something about that problem.At first，she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery.But as they experim
15、ented，Thai discovered something that might permit lithiumion(锂离子)batteries to last forever.Lithiumion batteries power most wireless devices.Over time，the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge.Most of these batteries have a life span of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die.One of the rea
16、sons lithiumion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity.Nanowires are extremely thin.A human hair is thousands of times thicker，for example.Nanowires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity，which makes them useful in batteries.But，Thai had a theorythe nanowires might
17、 last longer if covered with a gel(凝胶)She and her team tested this theory.“It was a long process and a lot of work，”Thai said.The team tried many coverings for the wires.PMMA，a type of plastic，was one of them.The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charges 200,000 times.The PMMAcoated
18、 nanowires showed no evidence of damage.The results suggest that batteries could last forever，without losing charging ability.Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this gel works so well and to see if any other gel could create better results and she is enjoying the publicity about h
19、er discovery.She said she never expected her research to get media coverage.“Its kind of cool，” she said.“Im really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself，but also in technology and energy.”文章大意：本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。文章主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。5Why did Mya Le Tha
20、i work on lithiumion batteries？ D AShe disliked the batteries for her laptop.BHer team were assigned to invent a new battery.CMany people thought batteries were too expensive.DThe batteries would soon lose the function to charge fully.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her w
21、ireless devices degraded(降级)over time，until they failed to charge fully.She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on.So, she decided to do something about that problem.”可知，Thai研究锂电池是因为她的无线设备的电池完全失去了充电功能。故选D。6What can we infer about nanowires？ D A
22、They last only 7,000 charging cycles.BThey are too weak to carry electricity.CThey are not suitable to use in batteries.DTheir thinness is a cause of batteries degrade.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of the reasons lithiumion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity.Nanowires are extrem
23、ely thin.”可知，用来电力输送的纳米线极其的细，导致了电池的降级。故选D。7What might be Thai and her teams breakthrough？ A ACoating nanowires in gel.BA new kind of battery.CNew materials for batteries.DA new way of charging batteries.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charges 200,000 times.The
24、PMMAcoated nanowires showed no evidence of damage.The results suggest that batteries could last forever, without losing charging ability.”可知，Thai和她的团队在纳米线上裹上PMMA并循环充电20万次，没有损坏的迹象，且没有失去充电能力，说明Thai和她的团队在此方面取得了突破。故选A。8What may be the best title for the passage？ B AThe options of batteries for wireless
25、devices BA woman invents a lifelong batteryCMya Le Thai discovered Nanowires DThe reasons for batteries degrading解析：标题判断题。根据文章第一段“When a laptop or smartphone battery starts losing its power, the only options are to buy an expensive replacement, or just keep it plugged in all the time.But a woman Mya
26、 Le Thai may have found the answer to this problem.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述一位名叫Mya Le Thai女士研发出可永久循环使用电池。故选B。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome do as the Romans do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture,
27、 make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws. 1.G The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a gr
28、eat way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their countrys culture and language.The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye.In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.Use fi
29、rst names only after being invited to. 2.C The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.Dress well. 3.F Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status.Always try to be tasteful and stylish.Women are advised to dress
30、simply but elegantly.Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswomen.The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours. 4.B Do not be
31、gin eating until the host says “bon appetite”Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate. 5.D This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.If eating in a restaurant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.ARemember to be as polite as possi
32、ble.BThis is a time for relationship building.CUse Monsieur or Madame before the surname.DBe careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.EMake an appointment with your business partner in advance.FThe French draw information about people based on their appearance.GLanguage should be the
33、focus of anyone planning to do business in France.文章大意：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。解析：1根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言。”与下文联系紧密。故选G。2结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人。”故选C。3本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议。故空处应选择F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息。”。4根
34、据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。故本题选B。5本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心。”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿。”衔接紧密。故本空选D。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020甘肃省天水一中第一次考试)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picturebased language. It dates back several thousa
35、nd years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols 1.were carved (carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in todays hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty，these symbols 2.had become (become) a welldeveloped writing system. Over the years, the system developed
36、 into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically, 3.leading (lead) to many varieties of dialects characters. This， 4.however ， changed under the rule of Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.Emperor Qinshihuang made the seven major states into one 5.united ( unite) cou
37、ntry where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was 6.of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or 7.what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate 8.easily (easy) in writing.Wr
38、itten Chinese has also become an important means by 9.which Chinas present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic 10.works (work) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese
39、characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了汉字的起源和发展。解析：1考查时态和语态。句意：它可以追溯到几千年前使用的动物骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在上面雕刻符号。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“符号”和“雕刻”之间是被动关系，用被动语态。所以填were carved。2考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一种很发达的文字系统。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。所以填had
40、 become。3考查非谓语动词。 空格前面句子“地理分割”和“导致”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。所以填leading。4考查副词。句意：然而，在秦始皇的统治下，这种情况发生了改变。文中表示转折关系。所以填however。5考查形容词。句意：秦始皇把七个主要国家统一为一个国家，中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。该空修饰名词country，用形容词。所以填united。6考查固定短语。句意：这种文字系统对中国人民和中国文化的融合具有重要意义。of great importance有重要意义，该短语是固定短语。所以填of。7考查句意理解。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们
41、都可以很容易地用书面交流。文中表示“说什么方言”。所以填what。8考查副词。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以很容易地用书面交流。修饰动词communicate，用副词。所以填easily。9考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语也成为中国的现在与过去联系的重要手段。“by 9 Chinas present is connected with its past”是一个“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词means，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。所以填which。10考查名词。句意：现代人可以读到中国古代的经典著作。文中表示“中国古代的经典著作”
42、，用名词。所以填works。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2021广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级模考)As we all know, over seventy percent of our planet are covered by sea,
43、 where is rich in salt as well as fish. Whats more, there is a great deal of oil or gas under the sea. In other words, the sea is the place with so many important things we live in. However, with the world population increased rapidly, overfishing has become a serious problem. Every day a lot of rub
44、bishes and waste water are poured into the sea, so the sea is bad polluted. As a result, the number of fish has obviously decreased. Besides, some are dying out or have been died out. Therefore, it is time for everybody protect the sea.答案：As we all know, over seventy percent of our planet covered by
45、 sea, is rich in salt as well as fish. Whats more, there is a great deal of oil gas under the sea. In other words, the sea is place with so many important things we lives . However, with the world population rapidly, overfishing has become a serious problem. Every day a lot of and waste water are po
46、ured into the sea, so the sea is polluted. As a result, the number of fish has obviously decreased. Besides, some are dying out or have been died out. Therefore, it is time for everybody protect the sea.解析：1考查主谓一致。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖。本句主语是不可数名词over seventy percent of our planet，谓语动词应该使用单数形式。所以要把a
47、re改为is。2考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，我们地球百分之七十被海水覆盖，它富含盐和鱼。本句的先行词是sea，关系代词which指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中做主语。而where在句中作状语。所以要把where改为which。3考查连词。句意：而且，在大海下面有很多的石油和天然气。连词and表示并列关系，通常用在肯定句里。而or表示并列通常用于疑问句否定句里。所以要把or改为and。4考查冠词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东西的地方。根据句意可知应该表示泛指，应该使用不定冠词a表示泛指，而定冠词the表示特指。所以要把the改为a。5考查介词。句意：大海是一个有很多我们赖以生存的东
48、西的地方。动词短语live on“以为生”。所以要把in改为on。6考查非谓语动词。句意：随着世界人口的迅速增加，过度捕鱼成为一个严重的问题。介词with的宾语the world population与动词increase构成主动关系，要用现在分词increasing充当补足语。所以要把increased改为increasing。7考查名词的数。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海。名词rubbish意为“垃圾”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。所以要把rubbishes改为rubbish。8考查副词。句意：每天都有很多垃圾和污水被倾倒进大海，大海被污染得很严重。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语修饰名词或代词。句中应该使用副词做状语修饰谓语is polluted。所以要把bad改为badly。9考查动词的语态。句意：而且，一些鱼将要“灭绝”或已经灭绝了。动词短语die out“灭绝”，没有被动语态。所以要删除been。10考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，现在是每个人保护大海的时候了。句中使用了不定式复合结构for sb to do sth.。所以要在everybody后加to。