1、高考英语语法填考点整理 语法填空做题技巧 一.考点整理考点一确定填冠词的方法1.用定冠词the的常考点(1)特指某人或某事，常翻译为“这个”；(2)用在序数词或最高级前或用于only，very，same等词前；(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在乐器名词前；(5)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。(6)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。2.用不定冠词a/an的常考点(1)泛指一类人与物，表示概念“一个”；(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。3.固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前填冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time，o
2、n the contrary，to tell the truth，in the distance，make the most/best of，on the spot等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cold，have a fever，all of a sudden，as a matter of fact，as a result，have a gift for，make a living，have/take a rest，give sb a lift，have a good knowledge of等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)sb介词the身体部位(4)抽
3、象名词具体化抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：surprise，pleasure，comfort，danger，success，failure，beauty等。考点二确定填介词的方法1.介词多义看语境(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在方面”。(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。(3)by用于被动语态，表示“被，由”；表示“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通
4、工具。(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象，用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“整个”；表示手段、媒介，意为“依据，经由”。2.依据句式和搭配填介词(1)与动词搭配，如：remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”；go back to/date from“追溯至”；exchange.for.“交换”(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：by accident“偶然”；by oneself“靠自己”(3)与形容词搭配，如：be c
5、urious about“对感到好奇”；be proud of“因而自豪”考点三、确定填代词的方法当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括不定代词和it.1. 常见考法(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。2.it的用法(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。(2)代替上文提到过的事物。(3)代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
6、(4)代替不定式、动名词或从句形式主语或形式宾语。(5)it的常用固定句型It is/was被强调成分that其他Itbe adj.of/for sb to do sthIt is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sthIt is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.that.It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sbthat.It is said/reported/believed.that.It takes sb some time/money to do sth主语think
7、/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep.it补语to do sth/that.主语like/hate/love/appreciate.it从句考点四、确定填连词或引导词的方法一、并列连词关系分析法句型法1.关系分析法分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。(1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both.and.，not only.but (also).等。(2)表示选择关系的有：or，either.or.，not.but.等。(3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。(4)表示因果关系的有：so，for等。I was glad to m
8、eet Jenny again，but I didnt want to spend all day with her.It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over.2.句型法(1)祈使句and/or陈述句(2)Please send us postcards and well know where you have visited.We were having a heated discussion when there was a failure power.考点五、定语从句的关系词确定1.确定是定语从句设空处无提示词，而设空前的
9、主句完整；设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。2.解题技巧(1)分清限制与非限制在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen，be known，be reported，be mentioned，be said，be often the case等。The little problems that/which we meet in our da
10、ily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesnt make a forest.”正如谚语所说：“独木不成林”。(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表时间，地点，还是原因)先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；先行词指物：that/which/whose等；表时间/地点/原因：when/where/
11、why。The annual campus bookfair aims to provide a platform where students can have a chance to exchange and make use of their books.Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(3)判断所缺成分，确定关系词缺少主语：that/which/who；缺少动
12、词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；缺少定语：whose；缺少时间、地点或原因状语：分别用when，where，why。Many traditional arts are losing nowadays，some of which are being replaced by modern products.The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at colle
13、ge，has gone to work in Australia. 核心提示(1)不能忘记“介词关系代词”的使用3规则构成用法介词(短语)which/whom介词提前时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom数词/形容词最高级/不定代词ofwhich/whom表示部分与整体的关系the名词ofwhich/whom表示所属关系，可转化为“whose名词”(2)注意并列句和定语从句的区别辨析1They live in a small house, in front of _ stands an orange tree.whichThey live in a small house，and in
14、front of _ stands an orange tree.it辨析2The old man has three sons，none of _ is a doctor.whomThe old man has three sons，but none of _ is a doctor.them考点六、名词性从句引导词确定名词性从句主句必修不完整。方向1：不缺任何成分，且引导词无意义，常用that引导名词性从句That you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for your failure.When the news came that the
15、war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.方向2：不缺任何成分，且引导词表示“是否”，常用whether引导名词性从句，其中if可以用于宾语从句He asked her the question whether they can be friends.I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.方向3：缺少主/宾/表语，用连接代词(which，what，who等)When you are reading，make a note of what you think is of great
16、 importance.When opportunity knocks，please answer the door.Dont keep asking who it is.方向4：缺少状语，用连接副词(where，when，why，how) 等I have no idea when he will come back home.How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.方向5：it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记It is announced in todays newspaper that the presid
17、ent will pay a visit to China next week.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the gettogether.考点七、根据句意及固定句式定确定状语从句引导词1.句意法确定状语从句引导词(1)while/when/as/since引导的时间状语从句(2)before/after引导的时间状语从句(3)if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句(4)though/although引导的让步状语从句(5)when/where引导的时间、地点状语从句When he knocked at the door，I was w
18、orking at the table.A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词(1)连词before的意义及句型It will be一段时间before.表示“多久以后才”It wont be一段时间before.表示“用不了多久就会”It wont be long before we know th
19、e result of the experiment.(2)连词since的意义及句型It is some time (一段时间)since引导的时间状语从句It has been some time (一段时间)since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意思是“自从以来已经多长时间了”As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(3)whether.or (not).“无论还是”，引导让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not，its true.考点八、提示词为名词
20、的词形变化方法1.提示词为名词时，主要考查名词复数、名词所有格和名词变形容词。(1)思维定向与解题规则思维定向解题规则填名词的复数若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。有数词或these，those，several，many，all，both，various，numerous等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。名词前有“one of”时，用名词复数形式。若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。填名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加s。以s或es结尾的复数名词，形式为s或es。填名词的
21、形容词形式提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀n.able adj.valuevaluable，reasonreasonablen.al adj.traditiontraditionaln.ful adj. colourcolourful，helphelpfuln.en adj.woodwooden，goldgoldenn.y adj.lucklucky，dustdusty(2)名词变复数必记的三条规则词尾是s，x，ch，sh时，一般加es。bus公共汽车busescoach 教练coaches词尾是辅音字母y时，变y为i，再加es，元音字母y
22、时直接加s。enemyenemies敌人hobbyhobbies业余爱好toytoys玩具复数形式有特殊变化的名词childchildrenfootfeetmanmenmousemicewomanwomentoothteethcriterion(标准)criteriamedium(传播媒介)media2.熟记名词变动词和形容词的前缀/后缀前缀/后缀示例encourage n勇气encourage vt.鼓励enstrength n力气strengthen vt.加强izeapology n道歉apologize v道歉alnature n自然natural adj.自然的yhealth n健康
23、healthy adj.健康的fulhelp n帮助helpful adj.有帮助的ousdanger n危险dangerous adj.危险的tiveimpression n印象impressive adj.印象深刻的ibleaccess n进入，使用权，通路accessible adj.容易取得的考点九、提示词为形容词的词性变化1.思维定向与解题规则思维定向解题规则形容词转换为副词若空白处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应填副词形式。形容词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un，im，dis等)或否定后缀(less)变为反义词。形容词转换为比较级、最高
24、级(1)等级判定看标志题目中有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，than等标志性词汇用比较级。设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等用最高级。设空前有one of the，the序数词等修饰词，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the比较级.，the比较级.”表示“越越”。“比较级and比较级”，表“越来越”。“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级，也需要用比较级。2.形容词变副词的特别规则以e结尾的一般不去e，直接加lyimmediateimm
25、ediatelybravebravely一些以e结尾的形容词去e加(l)ytruetrulysimplesimplygentlegentlypossiblepossibly“辅音字母y”结尾，改y为i，再加lyhappyhappilyeasyeasily以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomicallybasicbasically考点十、提示词为代词的解题方法解题规则人称类别单数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe/she/it宾格meyouhim/her/it物主代词形容词性myyourhis/her/its名词性mineyourshis/hers/its反身代词my
26、selfyourselfhimself/herself/itself 人称类别复数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格weyouthey宾格usyouthem物主代词形容词性ouryourtheir名词性oursyourstheirs反身代词ourselvesyourselvesthemselves人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法：(1)作主语：人称代词主格(I，we，you，he等)(2)作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me，us，him；them；it等)、名词性物主代词(ours，mine，yours，its等)(3)作定语：形容词性物主代词(our，my，your，their等)(4)如
27、果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself，yourself，itself等)(5)填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。(6)that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。考点十一、如何确定作谓语和作何种谓语1如何确定谓语动词的时态最近几年高考语法填空最常考的时态是一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时。可以通过以下方式确定时态。思维定向解题原则慧眼识别标志词(1)一般过去时的标志词：yesterday，last year，in 2018，two days ago等(2)一般现在时的标志词：often，usually，always等(3)现在
28、完成时的标志词：since，recently，in the past/last few years，so far，in recent years；for时间段等瞻前顾后找并列表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and，but，not only.but also连接的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。通过动作先后关系当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，我们可以根据动作发生的先后关系来判定时态。通过“语境暗示”法在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过上下文的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。2如何确定谓语动词的语态分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的
29、关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。3如何确定谓语动词的单复数考生答题时不仅要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态，还要时刻提醒“主谓一致”也是高考考查的重要一环。可数名词单数、不可数名词及第三人称代词(he，she，it)作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数及第一、二、三人称复数(we，you，they)作主语时谓语动词用复数。牢记以下几种主谓一致的情况。思维定向解题原则定语从句中主谓一致在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。非谓语和主语从句作主语非谓语动词
30、、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。就近原则由either.or.，neither.nor.，not.but.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。就远原则主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。考点十二、如何确定非谓语动词1判断非谓语动词形式的2个基本原则主被动原则逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系时，用v.ing形式；是动宾关系
31、时用 ved形式。时间先后原则非谓语动词表示正在进行，用 ving形式；表示已经完成，用 ved形式；表示将来发生的动作，用不定式to do形式。 (2)不定式作状语动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。To raise students awareness of traditional Chinese culture，our school will hold Chinese Chess Contest this Saturday at the Student Center.only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，v.ing作状语表示自
32、然而然的结果。We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，anxious，proud，disappointed，surprised，delighted，foolish，pleased，fortunate等。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.牢记“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。As far as Im conce
33、rned，the problem is easy to deal with.现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作定语的区别思维定向解题规则真题示例赏析现在分词作定语(1)现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行；(2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构。Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.The meeting being held now is of great importance to us all.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示被动、完成The meet
34、ing held yesterday is of great importance to us all.动词不定式作定语不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未发生。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance to us all.注意：表示心理状态的动词ing形式的形容词，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。On hearing the exciting news，she shouted in an excited voi
35、ce.(4)不定式作后置定语的两种情况(1)由序数词、the only，the last，the next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。I dont think Henry is the best man to do the job.(2)当被修饰的名词是ability，attempt，chance，desire，plan，need，intention，way，wish等词时，常用不定式作定语。He was lucky to get the good chance to go abroad for further study.3.非谓语动词作宾语(1)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语
36、)三个希望两答应(hope，wish，expect，agree，promise)两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse)设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine)不要假装在选择(pretend，choose/select)打算提出俩计划(intend，offer，plan，mean)申请失败负担起(apply，fail，afford)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen)This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact.这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。此外，affo
37、rd，happen，threaten，cant wait to do sth等也要用不定式作宾语。（2）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid)不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk)感激承认很值得(appreciate，admit，be worth)介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off)允许完成是期望(allow，permit，finish，look forward to)建议继续勤操练(suggest，go on，practise)致力原谅要坚持(be devoted
38、to，excuse，insist on)继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss)Given another ten days，we are sure to finish repairing the machine.Most students object to being charged for parking on the campus.4.非谓语动词作宾语补足语（1）下列动词常用带to的不定式作宾语补足语advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive
39、，enable，encourage，forbid，force，hire，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit等。He commanded us to finish the work in an hour.Father will not allow us to play in the street.（2）下列动词常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语(主动语态中)使役动词(make，let，have)；感官动词(see，observe，hear，notice)His mother made him sweep the floor every day.
40、（3）过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。The teacher wont like the problem discussed at the moment.（4）现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，have，keep，leave，send，set，listen to，look at等。He stood at the window，f
41、rom where he could see his classmates playing basketball on the playground.考点十二、如何确定词性转换如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常变为名词。On the morning of her grandsons wedding，Peg McCormack received some bad news.The 91yearold was in the hospital after a fall when she found out she would be unable to attend th
42、e _ (celebrate) in Madison，New Jersey.答案celebration分析句子结构可知，36空处既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，由空前的the可知，空处需要填名词形式。故答案为celebration。二.语法填空专练Giant Pandas, one of the rarest animals in the world, are not only regarded as Chinas national treasure, but also beloved by people around the world. Chengdu Panda Base is the wor
43、lds only museum _61_ focuses entirely on the endangered giant pandas.Located in the north Chengdu suburb with only 10 km to the city center, this base was first set up in 1987 with six sick and hungry giant pandas which _62_ (save) from the wild nature. And now, Chengdu Panda Base is the home of mor
44、e than 150 giant pandas and also the worlds largest giant panda _63_ (science) research base to _64_ (close) interact with those lovable black and white animals.If you are not satisfied _65_ just watching the pandas but want to have a closer contact with them, you can try Panda Volunteer Programs in
45、 other panda bases in Sichuan. At present, there are three panda bases _66_ (provide) this volunteer program. Dujiangyan Panda Base is the most convenient one_67_ it is near to Chengdu City. Bifengxia Panda Base provides more chances to see little panda _68_ (baby) and Shenshuping Panda Base is wher
46、e you can experience more natural and primitive living environment of pandas.In the volunteer program, you will follow the instruction of the staff _69_ (feed) the pandas, clean _70_ (they) fences, prepare cakes for panda, watch some panda- related documentaries, etc. It is quite a meaningful and me
47、morable experience.Now, a popular plant-based meal subscription service _71_ (offer) the UKs biggest meat-eater the chance to earn 50,000 ($68,000) by going vegan (严格的素食主义的) for three months, and waiting for the brave and lucky one.Vibrant Vegan recently made an announcement _72_ it is on the lookou
48、t for a Vegan Curious Coordinator, a die-hard meat-eater willing to experience an exclusively vegan lifestyle for at least three months. The _73_ (select) person will have to sign a contract (合同), promising not to consume any animal-based foods during _74_ three-month trial. At the same time, he/she
49、 is expected to encourage others _75_ (give) veganism a go on social media. If he/she abides by (遵守) that _76_ (agree), he/she stands to earn the equivalent of a 50,000 salary.“As we head into the New Year, we at Vibrant Vegan want to not only show the health and environmental benefits of being vega
50、n that we hear so much about, but also highlight that vegan food can and should _77_ (enjoy) by everyoneeven the UKs biggest meat lover,” said Ian Burke Hamilton, _78_ was the founder of Vibrant Vegan.Actually, the companys idea to get a meat-eater as _79_ (it) Vegan Curious Coordinator was inspired by a survey of 15,000 meat-eaters, in which 34% of them admitted to being _80_ (particular) curious about going vegan.
