1、第二部分 第十讲第十讲 并列句和状语从句 表示并列关系表示选择关系一、并列连词和并列句常见的并列连词and(和，同，又),both.and.(两者都),as well as(也，同),neither.nor.(既不也不)or/or else(否则),otherwise(否则),either.or.(或者或者),not.but.(不是而是)表示递进关系表示转折关系and(而且),not only.but also.(不但 而且),whats more(而且),moreover(此外),besides(此外)but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),neverth
2、eless(尽管如此)表示因果关系表示对比关系so(所以),for(因为)while(而)although/though不能与 but 连用，但可以和 yet,still 连用Although/Though we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.We have grown up,but our parents still treat us as children.(2015湖北高考阅读理解)The farmer freed him,and he began to run happily around again.这个农民
3、使他获得了自由，他又能愉快地到处跑了。(2014湖南高考阅读理解)She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.她或是从教室的前面开始，或是从教室后面开始，提问到另一头。(2015 全国卷完形填空)Stepping out not only helped a brother in need,it also gave my kids the sweet taste of helping others.迈出这一步不仅帮助了一个需要帮助的人，它也让我的孩子们
4、尝到了助人的甜蜜滋味。(2015全国卷短文改错)Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in the countryside.现在我住在城市里，但是我怀念在乡村的家。1(2015北京高考 T25)He is a shy man,_he is not afraid of anything or anyone.Aso BbutCor DasB 解析：考查语意逻辑关系。句意：他是一个害羞的人，_他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知，前后为转折关系，所以应用 but。2(2014北京高考 T1)Some animals carry s
5、eeds from one place to another,_plants can spread to new places.AsoBorCforDbutA 解析：考查语意逻辑关系。句意：有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物就可以传播到新地方了。根据carry seeds 与 spread to new places 可知，两个分句之间存在因果关系。so 表示因果关系，意为“因此，于是”，符合要求。or 意为“否则，要不然”，代指某个假设的条件；for表示原因，进行补充说明；but 意为“但是”，表示转折关系。3(2014天津高考 T1)Give me a chance,_Il
6、l give you a wonderful surprise.AifBorCandDwhileC 解析：考查语意逻辑关系。句意：给我一个机会，_我就会给你一个大惊喜。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用 and 连接，所以选择 C 项。when二、时间状语从句1when,while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，常用于be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;had just done
7、.when.;be on the point of doing.when.等结构中whileas从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句while 作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边，一边；随着”，从句谓语一般为延续性动词(2015重庆高考完形填空)Youre sleepy all day,but when its time for bed,you can hardly fall asleep.你整天昏昏欲睡，但是真到了上床睡觉的时候，你又几乎不能入睡。Please dont
8、talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时，别高声谈话。One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个周五，我们正打包动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。连词词义常用句式before2before 与 since 引导的时间状语从句(1)before 与 since 的常用句式在之前；还未就；才；还没来得及就 It will(not)be+一段时间+before.(没有)过时间才 It was not
9、 long before.不久就It was+一段时间+before.过了才 连词词义常用句式since自从 以来It is/has been+一段时间+since.(从句用一般过去时)It was+一段时间+since.(从句用过去完成时)(2)since 引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。(2015天津高考阅读表达)What was the authors grandfather before he retired?作者的祖父退休前是干什么的？As is reported,it is over
10、100 years since Qinghua University was founded.据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。It has been three years since he smoked.他戒烟已经三年了。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为过不了多久他就能为新工作做好准备。3表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句(1)as soon as;immediately;directly;instantly;the moment/minute/instant;no s
11、ooner.than.;hardly.when.The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。(2)hardly.when.;no sooner.than.中主句用过去完成时，从句一般用一般过去时；当 hardly 和 no sooner 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。He had no sooner fin
12、ished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚结束演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。4引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(1)until 与 till 引导的时间状语从句until/till 意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到才”。(2)every/eac
13、h time,next time,the first time,whenever 等引导的时间状语从句。Whenever we met with difficulties,they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。(3)by the time 引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time you come back,we will have finished the job.当你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作了。1(2015重庆高考 T4)If you miss this chance,i
14、t may be years _you get another one.AasBbeforeCsinceDafterB 解析：考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意：如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。此题可将“it+be+时间段+before.”视为固定句式，“it will/may+be+时间段before.”意为“将/可能需要一段时间才/就”。“it was+时 间 段+before.”意 为“过 了 多 久 就 ，过 了 多 久才”。2(2015天津高考 T12)We need to get to the root of the problem _we can solve i
15、t.AwhileBafterCbeforeDasC 解析：考查语意逻辑关系。句意：我们需要找到问题的根源，_我们能解决它。while 表示“然而”时，连接并列句；表示“当的时候”时，引导时间状语从句。after在之后，引导时间状语从句；before 在之前，引导时间状语从句；as 表示“当的时候”时，引导时间状语从句；表示“因为”时，引导原因状语从句；表示“正如”时，引导方式状语从句。由语境可知，我们在解决问题前需要找到其根源，因此用 before 引导时间状语从句。3(2015四川高考 T6)There is only one more day to go _your favorite mu
16、sic group play live.AsinceBuntilCwhenDbeforeD 解析：考查状语从句的引导词。句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前仅有一天的时间了。“There is+时间+before.”为固定句式，意为“还有多长时间，某事就会发生”。让步状语从句的常见引导词三、让步状语从句although;though;as;even if/though(即使);whether.or(not).(不管还是);while(尽管);疑问词+ever/no matter+疑问词(不管；无论)等Although regular exercise is very important,its
17、never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.While I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A although 引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序，though 在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序，as 引导让步状语从句用倒装Try as he might,he couldnt solve the problem.(2015福建高考阅读理解)Though were born stupid,only the stupid re
18、main that way.though 还可作副词单独置于句末，意为“但是，可是，不过”Its hard work,I enjoy itthough.whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句The government has promised to do whatever helps to solve the problem of unemployment.1(2015安徽高考 T23)_scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont
19、know.AOnceBSinceCThoughDUnlessC 解析：考查连词。句意：尽管(though)科学家们对宇宙已经知道了很多，但仍然还有很多我们不知道的东西。分析句子可知，前后为转折关系，故用 though。once 一旦；since 既然；unless 除非。2(2015湖南高考 T33)_the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.AIf onlyBAfterCAlthoughDIn caseC 解析：考查语意逻辑关系。句意：虽然这份工
20、作要花大量的时间，但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。句中的 a significant amount of time 与 worth it 之间构成对比，故用although 引导让步状语从句。从句类型引导词例 句条件状语从句 四、条件状语从句、原因状语从句与地点状语从句if;unless(除非，如果不);so(as)long as(只要);once;in case(万一);on condition that(条件是);supposing/suppose(that)(假设；如果);provided/providing(that)(如果)(2015北京高考阅读理解)They never tou
21、ch anything unless theyre eating it,or unless something is eating them.(2015安徽高考任务型读写)Once we have a common interest,a friendship can begin.从句类型引导词例 句原因状语从句 地点状语从句because;since;as;now(that);seeing/considering(that);forAs/Now that everybody is here,lets begin our discussion.where;whereverMake a mark
22、where you have any question.(地点状语从句)Make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定语从句)1(2015安徽高考 T34)_he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.AWhere BAsCIn caseDNow thatA 解析：考查连词。句意：在他曾经想放弃的地方，现在他有决心前行，并继续走下去。where 在这里是连词，意思是“(在)的地方”。as 当时候
23、，因为；in case 以防；now that 既然。2(2015陕西高考 T20)I believe you will have a wonderful time here _you get to know everyone else.AthoughBas ifConceDso thatC 解析：句意：_你认识了这里的其他所有人，我相信你会在这里玩得很愉快的。though 意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；as if 意为“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；once“一旦”，引导时间状语从句；so that“以便；结果”，引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。根据句中的关键信息 you wi
24、ll have a wonderful time 和 you get to know everyone else 可知应用 once 引导时间状语从句。3(2015江苏高考 T26)It is so cold that you cant go outside _fully covered in thick clothes.AifBunlessConceDwhenB 解析：考查状语从句连词的选择。句意：天太冷，你不能去外面，除非你全裹在厚衣服里。unless 相当于 if.not(如果不),符合句意。if 如果；once 一旦；when 当的时候，都不符合语意逻辑。_fully covered
25、in thick clothes为状语从句的省略，补充完整为“unless you are fully covered in thick clothes”。从句类型引导词例 句目的状语从句五、目的状语从句、结果状语从句与方式状语从句so that;in order that;in case;for fear thatSpeak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can hear you.The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father c
26、ould see him.从句类型引导词例 句结果状语从句so that;so.that;such.thatThe little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers Day.He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.从句类型引导词例 句方式状语从句as if/though;asThe house is greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave thing
27、s as they are until the police arrive.The old man treats the boy as if he were his own son.(2014浙江高考 T15)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _she could stay home and raise her family.Anow that Bas ifConly ifDso thatD 解析：考查目的状语从句的引导词。句意：当她儿子出生时凯茜就已辞去了工作，目的是她能够待在家里抚养孩子。now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句；as if“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句；only if“只要”，引导条件状语从句；so that“目的是，结果是”，引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。由关键信息 quit her job 以及 stay home and raise her family 可知，stay home and raise her family 是前面辞职的目的，故要用 so that 引导目的状语从句。本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放