1、海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（15）（答案）【2015高考复习】阅读理解What is the most popular food in western countries? If you are not sure, statistics might give you the answer.Every year，some 20 million people walk into restaurants and buy 2 billion sandwiches. Americans alone eat more than 1 billion sandwiches annually. If y
2、ou lined up all the sandwiches Westerners eat in a year, they would go around the world 13 times!When John Montagu made the very first sandwich in England in 1762, he couldnt have imagined that it would still be very popular almost 250 years later. There is a campaign starting this month in the US t
3、o find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country.Sandwiches are commonly carried to school or work in lunch boxes or brown paper bags to be eaten for lunch. They are also taken on picnics and hiking trips. Their longlasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time
4、.You can put everything you want inside a sandwich. They are easy to clean up after, nutritious and come in hundreds of different kinds. Wellknown American chef Dave Lieberman adds another reason.“I think people like to touch their food, kids especially. Its just a natural instinct. You dont have to
5、 use a knife and fork to eat a sandwich，” he said.Sandwiches can be hot or cold with almost any kind of filling. One of the most popular kinds is the BLTbacon，lettuce and tomato. Although it is a simple food, it can still be creative. Sandwiches can be served openfaced, with sushi inside or grilled
6、with delicious fillings.【语篇解读】 西方国家最普遍的食物是什么？当约翰在英格兰做出第一份三明治时，他不会想到在几乎250年后的今天三明治仍然大受欢迎。三明治里面的馅各种各样，冷热均可食用。虽然三明治做法简单，但仍然具有创新性。三明治可以做成露馅的单片吃，可以在里面放入寿司，还可以加入美味馅烤着吃。36The author intends to_.Atell us the history of sandwichmakingBintroduce a popular food in the WestCshow how sandwiches are madeDexplain
7、why westerners like sandwiches答案B主旨归纳题。根据文章第一句话“What is the most popular food in western countries？”可以归纳出本篇文章的主旨大意。37What is the main reason for the popularity of sandwiches?AThey are healthy and delicious.BThey have a history of about 250 years.CThey are fast and convenient.DThey can be served eith
8、er hot and cold.答案C细节判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句话“Their longlasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time.”可知，答案选C项。38Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?ASandwiches are usually eaten with a knife and fork.BChildren dont like sandwiches so much as the adults.
9、CAmericans started a campaign against sandwiches.DPeople are trying to make sandwiches more nutritious.答案D细节判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country.”可知，答案选D项。39What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?ATher
10、e are many kinds of sandwiches.BThe sandwich is a simple food.CThe BLT is the most popular.DSandwiches are mostly openfaced.答案A主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话“Although it is a simple food，it can still be creative.Sandwiches can be served openfaced，with sushi in side or grilled with delicious fillings.”可知，三明治有荤素
11、两种，具有创造性，故答案选A项。阅读理解From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It incre
12、ases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portraye
13、d are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold 高考资源网 or because
14、 they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends de
15、sert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we
16、wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter
17、 the land of our hearts desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may m
18、ingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of
19、 nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.16. Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?A. No one has come to disturb you.B.
20、 Everything is so quiet and calm around you.C. The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.D. Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.17. How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?A. They resemble human friends ex
21、actly.B. They are unfamiliar types we like.C. They never desert us.D. They never hurt our feelings.18. Which of the following is true?A. Your wish to visit some far-off place can be realized through the pages of the books. B. To escape from the dull realities of everyday life you should take up read
22、ing. C. Books can always help you to live a colorful life. D. You may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.19. The word “weary” means _. A. “to attract someones attention”B. “to distract someones attention” C. “to make someone very tired”D. “to make someone interested”20. “. the whole
23、world is ours for the asking” implies that _.A. in books the world is more accessible to usB. we can ask to go anywhere in the worldC. we can make a claim to everything in this worldD. we can make a round-the-world trip free of charge 全解全析本书主要讲读好书的益处。C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句(absorb our attention completely)可
24、知。C 推理判断题。由第二段第五、六和七句可知。D 细节理解题。由第二段第八句One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience.可知。C 猜测词义题。由两个分句的转折关系可知never weary应与bore反义，即weary与bore同义，都是“使人疲倦/厌烦”之意。A 推理判断题。由该句所处的语境可推知。时闻型阅读理解- (二)Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet, but they say a robotic vehicle called
25、“Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planets history and climate.Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months. It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States.Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels. I
26、t also has a robotic arm, cameras, and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface. Then it sends the information back to the earth.The Curiositys main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars, either now or in the past. On Nov. 2, NASA scientists held a press confe
27、rence (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two months on Mars.Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth. Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in
28、 the past. Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water. Mars is very cold and dry now, but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were f
29、ound. Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷), but so far it has not found any. On the earth, most methane is produced by plants or animals. Methane on Mars might indicate that some types of tiny plants or animalslived there.Curiosity is the fourth
30、 robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars. It will continue to explore the planet for about two years.1. Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE?A. It landed on Mars in January 2012. B. It is small in size and has four arms. C. It took over eight months to arrive in Mars. D. It was sen
31、t to Mars by scientists from Russia.2. According to the information sent back by Curiosity, scientists believe that _ .A. theres no air on Mars B. Mars is warm and wet nowC. the soil on Mars is rich D. there used to be water on Mars3. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to “_”A. smooth
32、stones B. rivers C. robotic vehicles D. volcanoes 4. We know from the sixth paragraph that _ .A. some tiny animals once lived on Mars B. there are no plants or animals on Mars nowC. the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane D. Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth5. What
33、is the main idea of the passage?A. Humans benefit a lot by going to Mars.B. Scientists will stop the research on Mars soon.C. It is possible to build an earthlike environment on Mars.D. A robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars.(二)【要点综述】 本文是一篇新闻，报道了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。1C 细节理解
34、题。根据第二段的“after travelling through space for more than eight months.”可知答案。2D 细节理解题。根据第五段的“Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water.”可直接得出答案。 3A 词义推测题。根据第五段可知，这些光滑的石头原先粗糙的边角被磨平，就是因为水流冲击。石头不会被冲走
35、，只能边角被磨平，所以在原地的是“光滑的石头”。4B 推理判断题。根据第六段可知：如果有甲烷，就表示有植物或动物存在的可能；但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷。可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。5D 主旨大意题。根据全文的第一段可知答案。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMost Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest American
36、s, however, get most of their money from what they own their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can b
37、e privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.Income in the Un
38、ited States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution i
39、s that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about
40、the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal governments poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287
41、 for a non-farm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11 200 fo
42、r a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor. 1. What do the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth? A. Their income and savings.B. Everything they own in their homes.C. Actually, they have no wealth at all.
43、D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.2. What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans?A. More than 25%.B. Less than 25%. C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%.3. Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth?A. Because the propor
44、tion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917.B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the poor.C. Because income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families.D. Because
45、some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War.4. What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph? A. The poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981.B. The 1981 line didnt leave much to the poor.C. There were more Americans w
46、ho were officially poor by the 1981 line.D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line.5. From the last two sentences we can see that 1981 governments poverty line _.A. was of no good for the poorB. was not put into operation thenC. was officially approved D. was not helpful
47、 to the poor全解全析 DBACB 本文分析了美国财富的分配状况及其存在的问题。D。细节题。根据文章第 1 段最后一句 most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings 可推知此题答案为 D。B。推断题。根据文章第 1 段倒数第 2 句 more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults 可推知此题答案为 B。A。推断题。根据文章第2段第2句 The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II 可推知此题答案为 A。C。推断题。文章最后一段说：1981年与1918年所统计的贫困户的数量的比较。由此可知此题答案为 C。B。推断题。根据文倒数第2句的虚拟语气可推知此题答案为 B。
