1、小题必练7：介词和介词短语常考考点：before在（时、空）之前across 横过、在上till 直到like像after在（时、空）之后through 在中穿过for 表原因、目的to表方向above在上面by 在旁边，乘船、车等behind在后面of表所属关系over 在正上方with表伴随（具有）beside 在旁around 在周围under 在正下方at、in、on表时间、地点near附近up向上on 在表面between表在二者之间along沿着down向下 in 在里面among表在三者之间from 来自off 远as作为beyond超出范围toward 朝、向1.（2020山东
2、卷）Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的peoples spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。2.（2020浙江卷7月）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived , through agricul
3、ture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填in。3.（2020全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), mor
4、e so the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。4.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与相关”，故填with。5.（2020全国III卷）The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature.【答
5、案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。6.（2020浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。7.（2019全国I卷）Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.【答案】of/
6、for【解析】考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。8.（2019全国III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs, seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。9.（2019浙江卷）The answer _ this quest
7、ion is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。10.（2020全国II卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。every day为时间状语，不需要加on，故删除on。【技巧点拨】当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。具体填什么介词，由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来
8、决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是填介词。第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。一、单句语法填空1. the first day of senior high school, the hard-working student took notes while listening.【答案】On【解析】考查介词。句意：在上高中的第一天，这个勤奋的学生边听边做笔记。分析句子可知，此处表示在上高中的第一天，是指具体的某一天，应用介词on，故填On。2.
9、 Lets not pick these peaches this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.【答案】until【解析】考查介词。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。根据句意及空前not可知，此处是固定结构not.until.。3. In the earthquake, the large city lay in ruinsfifteen terrible seconds.【答案】in/within【解析】考查介词。句意：在地震中，这座大城市在可怕的十五秒钟内就成了一片废墟。根据fifteen te
10、rrible seconds可知此处用介词in/within，故填in/within。4. The rooms upstairs are much warmer than those _ the ground floor.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：楼上的房间要比一楼的暖和得多。on the ground floor：在一楼。故填on。5. He is known the police his previous criminal record.【答案】to; for【解析】考查介词。句意：他因之前的犯罪记录被警察所熟知。be known to：为所知；be known for.：因著名
11、。根据know的固定搭配和句意，第一个空填to，第二个空填for。6. I cant believe that the restaurant, _ which I have eaten such a wonderful meal, is going to be shut down.【答案】in【解析】考查“介词+关系代词”定语从句。句意：我不相信我曾经在那里吃过如此美味饭菜的饭店就要倒闭了。分析句子结构可知，第一个逗号后面是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代restaurant，故填in。7. A young woman sits alone and is deep th
12、ought.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：句意：一个女子独自坐着，陷入沉思。deep in thought意为“陷入沉思”，故填in。8. The writer _ whom all of us are familiar will give us a speech tomorrow.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。句意：我们所有人都熟悉的那位作家明天将给我们作演讲。be familiar with意为:熟悉，为固定用法，故填with。9. It was sort _ difficult for me to explain the article sentence by sentence
13、.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：对我来说，逐句解释这篇文章有点难。sort of意为“有几分地”，可在句中作状语。故填of。10. Effective measures must be taken to prevent some factories _ polluting the environment.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：必须采取有效的措施来阻止一些工厂污染环境。prevent.from doing sth.“阻止做某事”，为固定搭配，故填from。二、语法填空Passage 1Since July 2019, Chinas online food-delivery
14、 platform Eleme 1 (carry) out a new service of picking up garbage from its users in Shanghai.The service comes after 2 recently-released regulation on waste management in Shanghai. Individuals 3 throw away their garbage without being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and 4 (org
15、anize) can face fines up to 50,000 yuan.The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort 5 (they) own garbage before it 6 (pick) up by workers from Eleme, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins.Its obvious that this service is 7 (convenience) to the old, especially
16、 to the disabled customers. 8 , many netizens on Sina Weibo dont think Eleme is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants 9 (make) money. They think 12 yuan for an order is too much. Besides, many more people doubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing 10 the trash.【答案】1.
17、 has carried2. a3. who/that4. organizations5. their6. is picked7. convenient8. However9. to make10. with【解析】这是一篇报道类文章。主要是就上海饿了么在今年七月公布的回收打包垃圾的话题展开讨论和各种反应。1.考查动词时态。根据本句的时间状语Since July2019，可知答案为has carried。2.考查冠词。此处表示一项最新颁布的规章制度，可知答案为a。3.考查关系代词。根据句意，此处缺少定语从句的关系词，表示人，可知答案为who/that。4.考查名词。根据and前后并列关系可知需
18、要名词复数，因此答案为organizations。5.考查代词。根据句意，该处代词和他所修饰的名词表所属关系，故答案为their。6.考查动词语态。根据上下文，此处表达被动含义，且主语为it故用单数，故答案为is picked。7.考查形容词。此处需要形容词作表语，be convenient to：对方便，故答案convenient。8.考查副词。本句与上文的the old和disabled来看，是明显的转折，故答案However。9.考查非谓语动词。根据用法，此处构成搭配want to do，因此用to make。10.考查介词。根据短语deal with，处理。故答案为with。Passa
19、ge 2Tied to skis(滑雪板) and pulled around a 11 (freeze) lake by a thoroughbred racehorseskij ring is a sport like no other. The hardy skiers travel at frightening speeds, using just their voice and a set of rules to guide the horses around the icy track. The 12 (usual) sport is considered the showpiec
20、e event of the White Turf racesa wintery festival held at the upmarket ski resort of St. Moritz.The sport requires the ability to mix skiing talent 13 a high-level of horsemanship. “During the race you need a really strong voice,” two-time race winner Valeria Holinger told CNN Sport. “Only by shouti
21、ng can you make the horse go 14 (fast) than others.”Competitors must wait until theyre 18 before 15 (allow) to participate in the event. Even then, driveras theyre knownmust pass fitness tests 16 hard theory examsfor good reason, too. Not only 17 (be) they traveling at incredible speeds, there is al
22、so the added danger of 18 (full) grown racehorses trampling(踩) on the skis. In addition, the speeding hooves(马蹄) kick up huge amounts of snow and ice 19 crash into the legs of the skiers behind.Such unique threats call for unique 20 (protect). Drivers are required to use face masks to keep the snow
23、out of their eyes and wear body armor under their ski suits.【答案】11. frozen12. unusual13. with14. faster15. being allowed/allowed16. and17. are18. fully19. which/that20. protection【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了马拉滑雪板，一项将滑雪天赋与高水平的马术相结合的运动。11.考查形容词。frozen“冰冻的”，为形容词，修饰名词lake。frozen lake意为冰封的湖面。故填frozen。12.考查形容词。由前文“s
24、kij ring is a sport like no other”（马拉雪橇是一种与众不同的运动）可知，此处应用unusual（不寻常的）修饰名词sport。故填unusual。13.考查介词。mix.with.意为：把与结合，为固定短语。故填with。14.考查副词比较级。由than可知，应填副词比较级。故填faster。15.考查非谓语动词/省略句。before既可作介词，也可作连词。before为介词时，allow与主语为动宾关系，故使用其动名词被动形式；before作连词时，此处可看作before they are allowed省略了they are的情况。故填being allo
25、wed/allowed。16.考查连词。分析句子可知，fitness tests和hard theory exams为并列结构作动词pass的宾语，故用and连接。故填and。17.考查主谓一致。not only置于句首，后面的句子为半倒装句，谓语动词与主语they保持一致。故填are。18.考查副词。fully为副词形容词grown。故填fully。19.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，snow and ice为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为which/that。故填which/that。20.考查名词。unique为形容词修饰名词protection。故填protection。