1、黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2019-2020学年高一英语上学期期中试题（含解析）I 单项选择题（共20小题，满分20分）1.Ive finally finished my paper and it_ me an entire month.A. was takenB. takesC. tookD. had taken【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：我现在已经完成论文了，这件事花了我一个月时间。对于现在来说该动作已经结束，所以用一般过去时，故选C。2. John and Ifriends for eight years.We first got to know each other at
2、a Christmas party.But we each other a couple of times before that.A. had been； have metB. have been； have metC. had been； had metD. have been； had met【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我和约翰做朋友已经8年了，我们开始了解彼此是在一次圣诞晚会上，但在那之前我们见过两次面。第一空是表示过去到现在做8年时间的朋友，用现在完成时；第二空是指在圣诞节见面got to know each other用的过去时，在此以前见过，表示的是过去的过去用
3、过去完成时； 故选D。3. A notice was_in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.A. sent upB. given upC. set upD. put up【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个通知被贴出来了为了提醒学生调整了报告的时间。send up射出； give up放弃； set up 建立；put up张贴。根据句意和各选项分析可知，故选D。4.Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _ in China in the
4、 last five years.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. have been working【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：Herpin先生是过去五年在中国工作的外国专家之一。根据in the last five years可知，句子用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，故选D。5.The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers.A. both of themB. both of whoC. both of whomD. both of they【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位老人有两个
5、儿子，他们都是律师。分析句子可知，_ are lawyers是定语从句，此处two sons作先行词，指人，在介词of后面作介词宾语，故选C。6.The radio set _ last week has been out of order.A. I boughtB. I bought itC. which I bought itD. what I bought【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我上周买的那台收音机坏了。分析句子可知，空格处是定语从句，修饰The radio set，先行词指物，在定语从句中宾语，当定语从句修饰的名词在从句里作宾语的时候，往往会省略关系代词；B、C项
6、it多余，D项中what不引导定语从句。故选A。7._ is worldwide shown, great activities were held on the evening of Oct 1st to celebrate our motherlands 70th anniversary.A. AsB. ItC. WhatD. Which【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：向全世界展示，10月1日晚上举行了盛大的活动来庆祝我们祖国70周年。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子，定语从句is worldwide shown，关系词作主语，放在句首
7、，只能用as。as is worldwide shown意为“正如向全世界所展示的”。故选A。8. Learning to play basketball calls for perseverance, strength, time and skill. _, its not a simple thing.A. As a resultB. In conclusionC. In generalD. After all【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：学习打篮球需要毅力力量时间与技巧，总之，它不是一件简单的事情。as a result结果；in conclusion总之
8、；in general一般说来；after all终究，毕竟。根据句意和各选项分析，故选B。9.Recently CCTV station has taken great _ to make a program that reviews the important _ of the past 20 years.A. steps; affairsB. efforts; accidentsC. pains; eventsD. efforts; incidents【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：最近，中央电视台煞费苦心地制作了一个回顾过去20年重大事件的节目。A. steps措施，af
9、fairs事务；B. efforts努力，accidents事故；C. pains疼痛，events事件；D. efforts努力，incidents严重。take great pains to do sth.“费力做某事”。结合选项，故选C。10.A new _ to teaching languages is being used here, and it has turned out to be very helpful to the students.A. approachB. meansC. methodD. way【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学语言的一个新的
10、方法正在这儿被使用，这证明对学生很有用。这几个词都有“方法”的意思，但是A. approach 后面接to doing；B. means，method，way后面都是of doing，way还可以接不定式。故选A。11.-Was yesterdays conference successful?- Not really. The number of _ was much smaller than we had expected.A. people who attendB. people attendedC. people attendingD. people attend【答案】C【解析】【详
11、解】考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：昨天的会议成功吗?不算成功。出席的人数比我们预料的要少得多。此处people和attend之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语，也可以使用定语从句，根据动作发生在过去，从句要用一般过去时，故A项错误。故选C。12.The girl gave him some peanuts _ some sweets.A. in charge ofB. in praise ofC. in exchange forD. in need of【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：那个女孩给了他一些花生以换取一些糖果。A. in charge of负责，主管；B. in
12、 praise of称赞；C. in exchange for作为-的交换；D. in need of需要。根据句意和各项分析可知，故选C。13.Youd better write down the phone number of the restaurant for the future _.A. purposeB. processC. memoryD. reference【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你最好把餐馆的电话号码写下来，以便将来参考。A. purpose目的；B. process过程；C. memory记忆；D. reference参考。记下号码是为了将来参考，故
13、选D。14.Please dont call me at the office _ its really necessary.A. ifB. unlessC. as ifD. except【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非真的有必要，否则请不要给我办公室打电话。A. if如果；B. unless除非；C. as if好像；D. except除之外。表示“除非”，故选B。15.What _ it is to have a swim in hot summer weather!A. a funB. funC. funnyD. funs【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：在
14、炎热的夏天游泳是多么有趣啊!fun意为“乐趣”，是不可数名词，故A、D项错误；what是形容词，修饰名词，构成感叹句，funny意为“滑稽可笑的”是形容词，故C项错误。故选B。16.Is this the first time you _ Harbin?No. But the first time I _ here, the city wasnt so beautiful.A. visited; cameB. had visited; have comeC. have visited; have comeD. have visited; came【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定句式和时态。句
15、意：这是你第一次来哈尔滨吗?不。但是我第一次来这里的时候，这个城市并不那么漂亮。固定句式：This is the first time+主语+现在完成时态+其他，表示“某人第几次做某事”；the first time相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，从句时态用一般过去时态与主语对应。故选D。【点睛】1. It/This/That is the first(second-)time that 主语+现在完成时态+其他。意思是：第几次做某事了。如果把is改成was，则后面用过去完成时态。如：Its the third time that I have come to the Summer Palace
16、.这是我第三次来到颐和园。2. Its (high) time that 主语+一般过去时态+其他。现在是该做某事的时间了。如：Its high time that we had lunch. 现在是我们该吃午饭的时间了。3. It is/has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+。自从有多长时间了。在这个句型中since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时态，分两种情况：（1）如果从句的动词是终止性动词leave/come/，则表示“从动作开始到现在多长时间了。”It is three years since he began to smoke.他已经吸烟三年了（2）如果从句
17、的动词是持续性动词stay/smoke/live-，则表示“从动作结束到现在多长时间了”。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟三年了。17. He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the world.A. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他有着美好的童年，跟母亲到过世界各地。分析句子可知，travel用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语He与travel之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词
18、作状语。故选D。18.Youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _ a question.A. in search ofB. in the form ofC. in defence ofD. in the direction of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你用问句的形式提出要求，听起来会礼貌得多。A. in search of寻找；B. in the form of以的形式；C. in defence of保护，为辩护；D. in the direction of朝方向。结合选项分析可知，故选B。19. The
19、 message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.A. to be sentB. to sendC. being sentD. sending【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这则信息非常重要，因此它应该被尽快地传达到。be supposed to do sth.表示“理应做某事”，是习惯搭配，而且send和the message 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用被动语态形式。故选A。20._ occurred to me that I had left my shirt on the playgr
20、ound.A. ItB. OneC. ThatD. What【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定句式。句意：我突然想起我把衬衫忘在操场上了。固定句式：It occurred to sb. that意为“某人突然想起”。故选A。阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分）ALost HuaweiUnexpectedly, I lost my white Huawei in Midtown on Friday night. It had a blue green cover on it. There are many pictures of my son in it, and Im heartbroken.
21、Please return, no questions asked. Reward. Reply to: -2652255359craigslist.orgDo you need a babysitter that you can trust?My name is Tina. I am a responsible babysitter that you can trust. If you are looking for someone dependable and affordable I am that person! I HAVE MORE THAN 30 YEARS OF EXPERIE
22、NCE (including disabled children) ! I am a retired Home Health Aid and absolutely love children. I work with my sister Iris who has also 20+years as a teachers assistant. WE LOOK FORWARD TO MEETINC YOU! Available 24 hours and flexible with fees! I am fully bilingualSpanish/English. Please email me o
23、r call 712-867-7688.I BABYSIT ONLY AT MY HOME.I accept children from all ages. Fee starts from $100-$150 a week depending on the hours. I am very flexible and my fee can change. Feel free to contact me via email or on my cell phone 566-67-1873 and we can work something out.Part-time Chinese Babysitt
24、er WantedPart-time Chinese speaking babysitter needed to assist with one-year-old twins and to perform some light house work as needed. Assistance needed Fridays and occasional weekends. Please provide your salary expectation. College students are welcome to apply.Reply to: comm-encbq-2652113885 cra
25、igslist.org21. Who posted the lost and found information?A. A parentB. A kind womanC. A heartbroken girlD. A teacher22. If you want to send your kids to the babysitters home, you can find one in _.A. Ad 1B. Ad 2C. Ad 3D. Ad 423. An applicant accepted by Ad 4 will have to _.A. be able to speak two la
26、nguagesB. look after two childrenC. work every weekendD. be a college graduate【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B【解析】本文是一篇广告类短文，文中发布了几则广告和失物招领信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Lost Huawei部分中There are many pictures of my son in it(里面有许多我儿子的照片)可知，是一位父母发布的失物招领信息。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个标题I BABYSIT ONLY AT MY HOME可知，第三条广告的发布者只在自己家照看小孩
27、，所以若想把孩子送到保姆家中接受照顾，只有第三条广告发布者可以接受。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Part-time Chinese Babysitter Wanted中Part-time Chinese speaking babysitter needed to assist with one-year-old twins.可知，被Ad 4录取的申请人必须照顾两个孩子。故选B。BHave you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name? All NBA teams have an intere
28、sting story or a history behind their names. Some of the names reflect the citys culture or history, others came from previous owners and many were selected through Name the Team contests.For teams like Los Angeles and Utah, the names were not always a reflection of the city. Even though Los Angeles
29、 has no lakes, the Laker name has been a city treasure for almost 40 years. Before going to Los Angeles, the team originated in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1948, team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the states motto, The Land of 10,000 Lakes. The team name went unchanged after
30、 moving to Los Angeles in 1960.Because Utahs team originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, it was called the Jazz. In 1974, New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the jazz capital of the world. The name stayed with the team even after finding a new home in
31、 Salt Lake City, Utah in 1979.The Chicago Bulls original owner, Richard Klein, named the team the Bulls. He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless, and never quits. Klein, who founded the club in1966, believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicag
32、o athletes would live up to the team name. A belief that Bulls-winner of the six NBA championships have definitely followed.In 1967, the Indian Pacers selected their team name in a different way from most other teams. Their decision was based on what they wanted to accomplish in the NBA. Team offici
33、als chose the Pacers name because the organization wanted to set the pace in professional basketball24. Which can be the best title for this passage?A. History of NBA.B. Stories behind the names of NBA Teams.C. Famous NBA Teams.D. Interesting Stories about NBA.25. Los Angeles team is named “the Lake
34、r” because _.A. Los Angeles is a city of lakesB. it was named after a city treasureC. the team got this name in another city, which had a lot of lakesD. the name was selected from a “Name the Team” contest26. “Jazz capital of the world” refers to _.A. New OrleansB. Salt Lake CityC. Los AngelesD. Min
35、neapolis27. Richard Klein named Chicagos team the Bulls” mainly because _.A. he had guessed the success of the teamB. he wished the team to have the qualities of fighting bullsC. Chicago was then a city famous for fighting bullsD. people in Chicago used to like watching bull fighting【答案】24. B 25. C
36、26. A 27. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍NBA球队的队名背后的故事，在后四段里分别介绍了“洛杉矶湖人队、犹他爵士队、芝加哥公牛队和印第安纳步行者队”这四个队名的历史由来。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章前两句“Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name? All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names.”可知本文主要介绍NBA球队的队名背后的故事，在后四段里分别介绍了“洛杉
37、矶湖人队、犹他爵士队、芝加哥公牛队和印第安纳步行者队”这四个队名的历史由来，故B项正确。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段三四句“Before going to Los Angeles, the team originated in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1948, team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the states motto, The Land of 10,000 Lakes.”可知湖人队在搬到洛杉矶之前是在明尼苏达的Minneapolis城，这个地方有很多湖泊，由
38、此得名为湖人队，后来才搬到洛杉矶。故C项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Because Utahs team originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, it was called the Jazz. In 1974, New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the jazz capital of the world.”可知犹他爵士队原来是在路易斯安娜的新奥尔良市，他们取名爵士是为了纪念新奥尔良市作为世界爵士乐之都
39、的荣耀。故A项正确。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless, and never quits. Klein, who founded the club in 1966, believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name.”可知Klein选择公牛为名是希望这支球队能够像公牛一样永不
40、放弃追求胜利。故B项正确。CWe can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim, as a friend, really feel good about it?” “And was Paul friendly just because I had a car?
41、” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, its too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we dont really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You
42、re a lucky dog.” Thats being friendly. But “lucky dog”? Theres a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesnt see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesnt think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful
43、 for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isnt important. Its telling you to think of all the starving pe
44、ople in the world when you havent got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someones words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture(姿态)? The look in his eyes? Sto
45、p and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.28. This passage is mainly about _.A. how to understand what people sayB how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with peopleC. what to do when you listen to others talkingD. Why we
46、 go wrong with friends sometimes29. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that _.A. we fail to listen carefully when they talkB. people tend to be annoyed when we check what they sayC. we are always doubting what our friends sayD. people usually state one thing but
47、 means another30. In the second paragraph, the underlined word “it” refers to _.A. a bit of envyB. lucky dogC. being friendlyD. your luck31. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is _.A. notice the way the person is talkingB. take a good look at the person talking
48、C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyesD. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文中主要分析了在日常交际中，如何理解一些话语中隐藏着的含义的问题，告诉我们如何避免这些错误。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句The minute you spend thinking about the real
49、 meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.及上文描述可知，本文主要谈论的是如何避免交际中的错误。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning.可知，有时人们说的话隐藏了他们的真正意思，也就是人们嘴上说一件事，但实际意味着另一件事，所以会对朋友产生误解。故选D项。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中Theres a bit of envy in those words.(这些话里有一点嫉妒。)和下文中的What
50、 he may be saying is that he doesnt think you deserve your luck.(他可能想说的是，他认为你不值得拥有这样的运气。)可知，Maybe he doesnt see it himself.中的it指“有点嫉妒的成分。”故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句到第六句One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of
51、voice? His posture(姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think.(一种方法是仔细观察说话的人。他说的话和他说话的样子搭配么？他所说的与语气一致吗?与他的姿势呢?与他的眼神呢?停下来思考。)可知，当我们听一个人说话时，最重要的是根据他的态度、语气和姿势来检查他所说的话的真正含义。故选D项。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句
52、话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第2小题，由第二段第二句“Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning”可知有时人们说话隐藏着他们的真正含义。故选D项。DWong Fuk-wing, a Hong Kong volunteer at an orphanage (孤儿院) in Yushu, was killed in the earthqu
53、ake when he was trying to save others on April 14, 2010.Wong managed to run safely out of the building with some children when the first quake happened at 7:50 am on April 14, but he went back inside to rescue three other children and three teachers inside, although he knew the danger of aftershocks
54、 (余震).At 10 am, all the children and one of the teachers were saved. However, Wong was buried under the fallen building and died. The other two teachers were still waiting to be rescued.46-year-old Wong was a truck driver, who often said he could only give his efforts to charity instead of money, as
55、 he did not earn a lot. His tragic (悲剧的) end touched the hearts of many people both in Hong Kong and on the mainland.Wong began volunteering in 2002. In 2003, Wong was told by the doctor he got serious illness, which gave him a great blow. However, the illness did not deter the warm-hearted man. Whe
56、n the earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008, Wong rushed to the disaster area of Shifang to offer his help though his family did not want him to go.In fact, Qinghai is a place Wong had often visited since 2006. As a volunteer, he gave out medicine and clothing to the orphanage there
57、. No one could expect that Wong would die helping others.Hong Kong Chief Secretary Henry Tang Ying-yen said he had “the highest respect” for the hero who gave his life for others. “What he did has shown the Hong Kong spirit.” The citizens of Hong Kong called him “the pride of Hong Kongs people” and
58、people on the mainland have also praised him as “a true hero”.32. Wong died in the earthquake _.A. as the first earthquake happenedB. when he returned to save the teachers and studentsC. because he suffered from his serious illness againD. after he sent medicine and clothing to the orphanage33. The
59、underlined word “deter” in Para 5 refers to “_”.A. preventB. refuseC. beatD. encourage34. What can we know about Wong from the passage?A. He never visited Qinghai before 2010.B. He was thought highly of by the Chinese.C. He was a taxi driver before he died.D. He was supported by his family being a v
60、olunteer.35. Why are so many people deeply moved by the story of Wong?A. He helped the orphanage though being poor.B. He fought against his illness bravely.C. He put other peoples lives above his own.D. He always offered money to the orphanage.【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍香港志愿者王福
61、荣的事迹。2010年4月14日，玉树一家孤儿院的香港志愿者王福荣在地震中遇难。他在平时就经常帮助别人，他把别人的生命置于自己的生命之上。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中but he went back inside to rescue three other children and three teachers inside, although he knew the danger of aftershocks (余震).可知，Wong在地震中遇难，当时他回来救老师和学生。故选B。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段中Wong was told by the doctor he got
62、 serious illness, which gave him a great blow. However, the illness did not deter the warm-hearted man.(医生告诉Wong他得了重病，这给了他很大的打击。然而，疾病并没有阻止这个热心的人。)由句中的However可知，前后是一种转折关系，推知划线词的意思是“阻止”。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中The citizens of Hong Kong called him “the pride of Hong Kongs people” and people on the main
63、land have also praised him as “a true hero”.可知，他受到中国人的高度评价。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Hong Kong Chief Secretary Henry Tang Ying-yen said he had “the highest respect” for the hero who gave his life for others.可知，之所以有这么多人被Wong的故事深深打动是因为他把别人的生命置于自己的生命之上。故选C。【点睛】要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语
64、言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。尤其是要注意划线词前后的内容。根据第五段中Wong was told by the doctor he got serious illness, which gave him a great blow. However, the illness did not deter the warm-hearted man. 医生告诉Wong他得了重病，这给了他很大的打击。然而，疾病并没有阻止这个热心的人。由句中的However可知前后是一种转折关系，推知划线词的意思是“阻止”。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能
65、填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。VoluntourismVolunteering to help people in need combined with travelling to faraway places is a new trend in the travel industry. It is called voluntourism. People travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experiences. _36_Recent statistics show that in the past
66、few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest-growing areas of tourism. More than 1.6 million people around the world are volunteers in other countries. They help build schools, assist in hospitals and do farming work in developing countries. _37_ They keep in touch with their host families aft
67、er they return home, and many return to visit.There are many reasons why people want to engage in voluntourism. When people choose to join a voluntourism program, they are joining a global network of volunteers who are living and working with diverse cultures on projects that have a positive effect.
68、 The volunteers come from all over the world, and they will share the passion for giving back and the desire to broaden horizons. Some students also see it as a gap year after school, while others simply want to take time out from a job and do something else. _38_ However, many voluntourists do not
69、see volunteering as what it is. They think it is a cheap way of travelling and dont really want to get involved in hard work.While voluntourism has been around for over a century, modern volunteering started with the Peace Corps, a program that the US government started in the 1960s. From then on, v
70、oluntourism has become more and more popular. Many organizations start similar projects. _39_ And they have hundreds of different types of programs for people to choose from in more than 30 developing countries. The programs run year round and each volunteer chooses when they want to start and the d
71、uration they would like to stay for._40_ They say that if people really want to help those in need, there are many opportunities in their own community to do this. On the other side, volunteers are often not skilled enough for the tasks that they do. Travel experts point out that in some cases volun
72、tourists are often taken advantage of by the organization that sets up the trips.A. Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way.B. Some of them establish lasting bonds with people there.C. And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure.D. Most voluntourism organizations employ peop
73、le from similar fields.E. They find it is the best way to get the best of the world.F. By participating in voluntourism, they are contributing to local economy.G. They offer voluntourism trips to suit peoples interest, experience level or age.【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. G 40. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代
74、志愿服务的一种方式，一边做志愿者一边旅游和体验。【36题详解】根据上一句People travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experiences.(人们去其他国家旅行，学习语言，获得新的经验。)，E项：They find it is the best way to get the best of the world.(他们发现这是获得世界上最好的东西的最好方法。)，该项中的it指代上文中的travel to other countries, learn languages and gain new experience
75、s。故选E。【37题详解】根据下一句They keep in touch with their host families after they return home, and many return to visit.(他们回国后与寄宿家庭保持联系，许多人还会回访。)，B项：Some of them establish lasting bonds with people there.(他们中的一些人与那里的人们建立了持久的联系。)符合文意。该项中的bonds与下文的touch相吻合。故选B。【38题详解】根据上文Some students also see it as a gap year
76、 after school, while others simply want to take time out from a job and do something else.(一些学生也把它看作是离开学校后的空档年，而另一些学生只是想从工作中抽出时间来做些别的事情。)，再根据下文However, many voluntourists do not see volunteering as what it is.(然而，许多志愿游客并没有看到志愿活动的事实真相。)，C项：And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure.(
77、还有一些人感到无聊，只想冒险。)与上一句是并列关系，且与下一句形成转折关系。故选C。【39题详解】根据下文And they have hundreds of different types of programs for people to choose from in more than 30 developing countries.(他们有数百种不同类型的项目供30多个发展中国家的人们选择。)，G项：They offer voluntourism trips to suit peoples interest, experience level or age.(他们提供符合人们兴趣、经验水
78、平或年龄的志愿旅游。)符合文意。故选G。【40题详解】该空位于段落首句。根据下一句They say that if people really want to help those in need, there are many opportunities in their own community to do this.(他们说，如果人们真的想帮助那些需要帮助的人，在他们自己的社区里有很多这样做的机会。)，A项：Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way.(并不是每个人都以积极的方式看待志愿旅游。)符合本段文意。故选A。【点睛】做七选五
79、时，一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/whats more/though等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第3小题，C项And there are those who are bored and merely seek adventure.（还有一些人感到无聊，只想冒险。）切题。该项承接上文，且与上文一起通过However构成转折关系，故选C。第二部分：
80、英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Each year her husband sent her valentine roses, tied with pretty bows, and a card. The card would _41_say，“I love you even more than last year on this day.”The year he_42_， the roses were delivered to h
81、er door as usual. The card said，“Be my valentine. My love for you will always_43_with every passing year.” She thought this was the_44_ time that the roses would appear. She_45_he ordered roses_46_without knowing that he would_47_.He always liked to do things ahead. Then, if he got busy, everything
82、would work out _48_.She put _49_ in a very special vase, and then placed the vase beside the portrait of his smiling face. She would sit for hours, staring at his picture and the roses.A year went by，_50_it was tough to live without him. Then, on Valentines Day, the doorbell rang, and she saw roses
83、sitting _51_ her door. She brought the roses in, and then looked at them in surprise. Later she _52_ the flower shop and asked them to explain _53_valentine roses were sent to her.The owner replied，“I know your husband passed away a year ago. The flowers you_54_today were paid for two years ago. You
84、r husband always planned ahead. Here is _55_ of many years. Youll get them every year till and he also wrote a special little_56_for youhe did this years ago. He said, If you find out that Im no longer here, the card should be sent to my wife the following year.”She thanked him and hung up the phone
85、, her tears _57_ her face. She found a card among the roses and read it slowly，“Hello，my love. I know its been a year since I was gone. I hope its not too hard for you to overcome. I know you must be _58_ and the pain is real. The _59_ we shared made everything so beautiful in life. I loved you more
86、 than_60_can say. Please try not to be too sad. That is why the roses will be sent to you for years.”41. A. sometimesB. alwaysC. occasionallyD. rarely42. A. diedB. returnedC. disappearedD. retired43. A. comeB. plantC. growD. leave44. A. firstB. secondC. lastD. every45. A. guessedB. rememberedC. deci
87、dedD. informed46. A. in returnB. in addition toC. in realityD. in advance47. A. live throughB. pass awayC. break downD. leave behind48. A. freeB. earlyC. quietD. fine49. A. oneB. someC. themD. it50. A. butB. andC. thenD. therefore51. A. byB. outC. insideD. upon52. A. visitedB. wentC. cameD. called53
88、. A. whenB. whetherC. whyD. how54. A. sentB. receivedC. possessedD. accepted55. A. an orderB. an excuseC. a proposalD. a program56. A. letterB. articleC. noteD. card57. A. coming intoB. running downC. going outD. getting away58. A. crazyB. cautiousC. lonelyD. embarrassed59. A. marriageB. lifeC. love
89、D. family60. A. flowersB. rosesC. cardsD. words【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. C 59. C 60. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个感人至深的爱情故事，文章中两位主人翁非常相爱，丈夫去世之前就事先预定了多年的情人节鲜花送给妻子，希望妻子在他去世以后不要难过。【41题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：卡片上总会写着：我比去年的这一天更爱你。A. somet
90、imes有时候；B. always总是，一直；C. occasionally偶尔；D. rarely很少，罕见；每年她的丈夫都会送她情人节玫瑰和卡片，卡片上总会写着“我比去年的这一天更爱你”，本句使用always介绍她的丈夫一直所写的卡片内容。故B项正确。【42题详解】考查动词辨析及上下文串联。句意：他去世的这年，玫瑰花如同往常被送到她的门前。A. died去世，死亡；B. returned归还，返回；C. disappeared消失；D. retired退休；今年她丈夫去世了，但是玫瑰还是和往常一样送到她的门前。根据第10空“A，_10_it was tough to live withou
91、t him.”可知她的丈夫去世了。故A项正确。【43题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：卡片上写着：我对你爱每一年都在增加。A. come到来；B. plant种植；C. grow成长，生长；D. leave离开；这年的卡片上写着：我对你爱每一年都在增加。使用动词grow表示丈夫对她的爱变得更浓。故C项正确。【44题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她以为这是最后一次收到丈夫的玫瑰了。A. first第一处；B. second第二次；C. last最后一次；D. every每一。根据上文可知，丈夫去世了，她以为这是最后一次收到丈夫的玫瑰了。故C项正确。【45题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：她猜想这是丈夫生前预订
92、好的。A. guessed猜想；B. remembered记得；C. decided决定；D. informed通知；上文提到她以为这是最后一次收到丈夫的玫瑰了，猜想这是丈夫生前预订好的。故A项正确。【46题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：她猜想这是丈夫生前预订好的，没有想到他会去世。A. in return作为回报；B. in addition to除之外；C. in reality实际上；D. in advance提前。上文提到她以为这是最后一次收到丈夫的玫瑰了，她猜想这是丈夫生前预订好的。故D项正确。【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析及上下文串联。句意：她猜想这是丈夫生前预订好的，没有想到他会
93、去世。A. live through度过；B. pass away去世；C. break down崩溃；D. leave behind遗漏；根据第10空“A，_10_it was tough to live without him.”可知她的丈夫去世了。丈夫在去世之前就预订了玫瑰花，但是他并不知道他会去世。故B项正确。【48题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：即使他很忙，事情最终的结果会很好。A. free自由的；B. early早的；C. quiet安静的；D. fine好的；根据上文He always liked to do things ahead.可知，她的丈夫总是喜欢提前把事情做好，所以即
94、使他很忙，事情最终的结果会很好。故D项正确。【49题详解】考查代词及上下文串联。根据本段第一句“The year he_2_， the roses were delivered to her door as usual.”句中代词them代替句中的复数名词the roses。故C项正确。【50题详解】考查生活常识及上下文串联。失去丈夫单独生活，一个人的生活会变得很难。上下文之间是顺接关系，故B项正确。【51题详解】考查介词辨析。A. by在旁边；B. out在外面；C. inside在里面；D. upon一就；根据下文她把玫瑰花带劲屋里可判断，玫瑰花是放在门旁边的。故A项正确。【52题详解】考
95、查动词辨析。A. visited拜访，参观；B. went前往；C. came来；D. called打电话；根据最后一段第一句的hung up the phone可指，丈夫去世了但是仍送花，这让她很惊讶，所以就打电话给花店要求对方解释为什么还要送花给她。故D项正确。【53题详解】考查连词辨析。A. when何时；B. whether何地；C. why为什么；D. how如何；丈夫去世了但是仍送花，这让她很惊讶，所以就打电话给花店要求对方解释为什么还要送花给她。故C项正确。【54题详解】考查动词辨析。A. sent送；B. received收到；C. possessed拥有；D. accepte
96、d接受；对方向她解释，她的丈夫是一个总是把事情做在前面的人，她收到的这些花是他之前就事先预定好的。这是一个很多年的预定。故B项正确。【55题详解】考查名词辨析。A. an order预定；B. an excuse借口；C. a proposal建议；D. a program项目，节目；她的丈夫是一个总是把事情做在前面的人，她收到的这些花是他之前就事先预定好的。这是一个很多年的预定。根据上下文可知，送花是丈夫预订的服务，应用order预订一词。故A项正确。【56题详解】考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. letter信件；B. article文章；C. note便条；D. card卡片；根据第一句“
97、Each year her husband sent her valentine roses, tied with pretty bows, and a card. The card would _1_say”可知丈夫给她送货的时候，还附上卡片。这些卡片是他之前就写好的。故D项正确。【57题详解】考查短语辨析。A. coming into进入；B. running down滚落；C. going out熄灭；D. getting away逃脱，离开；她向对方表示感谢并挂断了电话，眼泪从脸上滚落了下来。故B项正确。【58题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. crazy疯狂的；B. cautious谨慎的
98、；C. lonely孤独的；D. embarrassed尴尬的；本句是丈夫事先写给她的便条，丈夫去世以后，她一定会孤单也会很痛苦。因为他们非常爱对方。故C项正确。【59题详解】考查名词辨析。A. marriage婚姻；B. life生活；C. love爱情；D. family家人；他们之间的爱情让生活中的一切都那么地美好，他对的爱无法用语言来描述。故C项正确。【60题详解】考查名词辨析。A. flowers鲜花；B. roses玫瑰；C. cards卡片；D. words语言；丈夫对的她的爱是无法用语言描述的，丈夫希望她不要难过。故D项正确。【点睛】本文小题2考查了完形填空中的近义词复现，根据
99、第10空“A，_10_it was tough to live without him.”可知她的丈夫去世了。故选择die。在完成完形填空时，我们可以利用原词复现，寻找近义词语。完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词所提供的有效信息进行合理的推侧判断，选出正确答案。如：Everyone started to 55_their hands .Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile a
100、nd the applause was deafening .I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.55. A. clap B. wave C. raise D. shake 答案: 由后面的applause (掌声)可知此处表示“大家开始鼓掌”.Clap ones hands 鼓掌第 II 卷注意：将答案写在答题卷上, 写在本试卷上无效。第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969,the pollution was
101、 terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It_61_(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it_62_(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of_63_most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt cha
102、nged in a few days_64_even a few months. It took years of work _65_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit_67_is driving your f
103、amily crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are_68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_69_(change) are gradua
104、l and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70_(patience).【答案】61. was 62. actually 63. the 64. or 65. to reduce 66. cleaner 67. that/which 68. amazing 69. changes 70. patient【解析】 本文通过借用凯霍加河在以前污染非常严重，经过多年的努力，艰苦的工作终于有了回报，河水变干净了的事实告诉我们：当你面对看起来不可能解决的事情时，要敢于想办法慢慢解决
105、，不能急躁，因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们需要耐心一点。【61题详解】 考查动词过去时态和主谓一致。根据本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.可知本段叙述的是过去发生的事情。the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio在过去被污染地如此地严重，所以说过去没有人能够想象到这条河被清理干净。又主语“It”为三单，故填was。【62题详解】 考查副词用法。本句中使用副词actually做状语修饰谓语动词caught
106、fire，actual是形容词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词。故填actually。【63题详解】考查冠词。横线后是形容词最高级most outstanding，形容词最高级前要加the,故填the。【64题详解】考查连词。从上一段最后一句可知几年后，这条河是环境净化最杰出的例子之一。从语境可知这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。因此前后是转折关系，故用but。 【65题详解】 考查固定句式。固定句式：It takes sb. st to do sth.某人做某事花了多少时间；句中的不定式to reduce the industrial pollution and cle
107、an the water是句子真正的主语。前面的it是形式主语。故填to reduce。【66题详解】 考查比较级。本句： the water in the river is _6_ (clean) than ever，横线后面有than，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式。故填cleaner。【67题详解】 考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which / that。【68题详解】 考查形容词修饰物的。凡是ed结尾的都是形容人的，表示“人感到”，ing结尾都是形容物的，表示“令人感到”。本句_
108、8_ (amazed) stories中此处修饰“stories 故事”，所以要用amazing。故填amazing。【69题详解】 考查名词复数。横线后面是系动词are，说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以用changes。故填changes。change既可以作名词也可以作动词，在此为名词。【70题详解】 横线前面有系动词be，说明此处应用形容词，本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点。patient形容词，意为“耐心的”； patience名词，意为“耐心”。故填patient。第二节单词的正确形式填空71. Chinese arts have won the _(appr
109、eciate) of many people outside China.72. Make sure that you are respectful to others, even if you dont share _ (similarity) opinions, values or beliefs.73. It really _(bother) me that hed forgotten my birthday.74. With winter coming near, the days are _(short).75. As a computer science lover, it was
110、 especially _(fascinate) to speak with someone who works in the field.76. The department store district is easily _(access) from our house.77. Li Kang is _(impression) with the teachers and the technology in his new school.78. I am fond of our new physics laboratories that have all the latest _(equi
111、p).79. Since the _(create) of our visiting group, over twenty volunteers have joined us.80. He dealt with the problem in a _(profession) way.【答案】71. appreciation 72. similar 73. bothered 74. shortening 75. fascinating 76. accessible 77. impressed 78. equipment 79. creation 80. professional【解析】【71题详解
112、】考查名词。句意：中国艺术赢得了许多外国人的欣赏。根据前面的定冠词the，可知此处用名词形式，appreciate是动词，其名词是appreciation，故填appreciation。【72题详解】考查形容词。句意：确保你尊重他人，即使你们没有相同观点、价值观或信仰。此处opinions是名词，由形容词修饰，similarity是名词，其形容词是similar，故填similar。【73题详解】考查一般过去时态。句意：他忘记了我的生日，真让我心烦。句子用一般过去时态，故填bothered。【74题详解】考查时态。句意：随着冬天的临近，白天正在变短。所给词short是形容词，其动词形式是sho
113、rten(缩短)，此处用现在进行时态，be动词已经给出，故填shortening。【75题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一名计算机科学爱好者，与在该领域工作的人交谈尤其令人着迷。此处所给词fascinate(使着迷)，其形容词是fascinating，be动词后面用形容词作表语，故填fascinating。【76题详解】考查形容词作表语。句意：从我们家很容易到达百货商店区。此处所给词access是动词，意为“接近”，其形容词是accessible，be动词后面用形容词作表语，故填accessible。【77题详解】考查固定短语。句意：李康对新学校的老师和技术印象深刻。固定短语：be impres
114、sed with对印象深刻。故填impressed。【78题详解】考查不可数名词。句意：我喜欢我们新的物理实验室，那里有最新的设备。latest意为“最新的，最近的”，是形容词，修饰名词，其名词是equipment，是不可数名词，故填equipment。【79题详解】考查名词。句意：自从我们的访问团成立以来，已有二十多名志愿者加入了我们。根据空格前的the可知，此空用名词形式，所给词create是动词，其名词形式是creation，故填creation。【80题详解】考查形容词。句意：他以专业的方法处理了这个问题。此处way是名词，由形容词修饰，故填professional。写作（共两节，满分
115、30分）第一节: 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）81.假定英语课_上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。Dear Mary,My name is Li Hua, a 18-year-old student from Eton middle s
116、chool. To help the old people in the nursing home, my classmates and me will go there this Sunday. As the monitor of Class Two, I wanted to invite you to go with us.Here are some information about this activity. To begin with, we will leave for our school by bus at 8 a.m, but return at 5 p.m. Beside
117、s, there will be a lot of activity such as making dumplings and giving performances, that will be not only interesting but also meaningful.Hopeful, you will like the plan and join us. I have the confidence that we will have a great time there. Looking forward your reply and your decision.Yours,Li Hu
118、a【答案】1aan2me I2wanted want4areis5for删掉6butand7activity activities8thatwhich9HopefulHopefully10forward后面加to【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。来自Eton中学的18岁学生李华向朋友Mary介绍自己去敬老院帮助老人的计划，希望她能加入。【详解】1. 考查不定冠词。句意：我的名字是李华，来自伊顿中学的一名18岁的学生。此处18-year-old以元音音素开头，所以前面用an表示“一”，故把a改为an。2. 考查人称代词主格。句意：为了帮助养老院的老人，这个星期天我和我的同学们将去那里。此处my c
119、lassmates and me是句子主语，不能用宾格，故把me改为 I。3. 考查时态。句意：作为二班的班长，我想邀请你和我们一起去。表述客观事实，用一般现在时态，故把wanted改为want。4. 考查主谓一致。句意：下面是关于这个活动的一些信息。此处information是不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，故把are改为is。5. 考查及物动词。句意：首先，我们将8点乘公共汽车离开我们的学校，下午5点返回。此处leave“离开”，是及物动词，而leave for是“去某地”，故把for去掉。6. 考查并列连词。句意：首先，我们将8点乘公共汽车离开我们的学校，下午5点返回。此
120、处是并列关系，不是转折关系，故把but改为and。7. 考查名词复数。句意：此外，将会有很多活动，比如包饺子、表演，这将不仅有趣而且有意义。此处activity是可数名词，且被a lot of修饰，所以用名词复数，故把activity 改为activities。8. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：此外，将会有很多活动，比如包饺子、表演，这将不仅有趣而且有意义。此处activities是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故把that改为which。9. 考查副词。句意：希望你会喜欢并加入我们的计划。此处是副词修饰整个句子，故把Hopeful改为Ho
121、pefully。10. 考查固定词组。句意：期待您的回复和决定。固定词组：look forward to盼望，期待。故在forward后加to。第二节:书面表达 (25分)82.假定你是李华。你的美国朋友彼得来信，表示想来中国旅游，询问你是否有时间接待。请给他回信，要点如下：1.来信已悉，欢迎来华；2.航班信息，以便接机；3.住宿地点，旅行计划。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Peter,Im so glad to hear from you, knowing that you are visiting China._
122、YoursLi Hua【答案】Dear Peter,Im so glad to hear from you, knowing that you are visiting China. Ill be free at that time and Im eager to meet you. Please tell me your flight number and arrival time so that I can pick you up at the airport. You are welcome to stay at my house, where you can meet my famil
123、y and friends. My plan goes like this: During the first week, Ill take you to Beijing to show you around some famous royal palaces as well as the Great Wall, thus helping you know more about Chinese history. Then in the following week, well go to Yunnan Province, because its amazing to experience th
124、e traditional customs and beautiful sceneries there.If you have any suggestions, please write to inform me.All the best.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成李华。你的美国朋友彼得来信，表示想来中国旅游，询问是否有时间接待。 请给他回信，说明文字提示中的要点。【详解】第1步：审题。根据提示可知本文是一封书信，要求考生用英语给美国朋友彼得回信，欢迎来访并询问有关航班信息。全文以一般将来时时和第一人称为主。第2步：组织要点。1.来信已
125、悉，欢迎来华；2.航班信息，以便接机；3.住宿地点，旅行计划。第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为be free、pick up、meet my family and friends、show around、experience the traditional customs and beautiful sceneries等。写作时注意书信的格式和惯用语。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如pick up、experience the traditional customs等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如状语从句 so that I can pick you up at the airport.分词做状语用法.thus helping you know more about Chinese history等。同时文章的一些串联成分让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。