1、Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldWelcometotheunit&Reading基础知识过关.单词拼写1.The country chose to (实施) research work on 12 types of vaccines from 10 research units across the country.2.Ive never cooked this before so its an (试验).3.While piggy banks(存钱罐) teach children the (智慧) of saving, large quantities o
2、f information about saving are also updated for adults.4.Youd better watch some Chinese TV programs, for example, CCTV-NEWS, which will help you correct your pronunciation (错误).5.Well have to (延迟) the meeting until next week.6.She took a (广泛的)view of the duties of being a teacher.用方框内短语的适当形式填空speed
3、up; pay off; refer to; die of;draw on; through trial and error1.What we should do is to each others strength to achieve common development.2.I promised not to the matter again.3.The grapes will soon be ripe. Lets our preparations for the grape harvest.4.Personally speaking, Id ratherthirst than drin
4、k champagne.5.As Tuck began to grow into a bigger build by the 7th grade, the experience of playing against older opponents began to .6. , they finally reached the conclusion under the instruction of their chemistry teacher.单句语法填空1.An animals sense of smell is still crucial to its (survive).2.My (in
5、tend) to write this letter is to invite you to join in an outing that we will go on these days.3.China will get more actively engaged in global economic governance and make economic globalization more open, balanced and beneficial all.4.They may only have a (limit) amount of time to get their points
6、 across.5.I think this is really (sufficient) clear and lets not spend any more time on this issue.课文语法填空Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1 (receive) a Nobel Prize.Born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu2(study) m
7、edicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria. 3(inspire) by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, she succeed
8、ed in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 4, the trials on real patients were likely 5(postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed 6 the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of
9、 Tu and her team finally paid7. In November 1972, they 8(success) discovered the most effective part of the extract and named itqinghaosu, 9 is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine10 raise it to a hig
10、her level.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 能力提升训练.阅读理解Auniverse started in the third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse (月食)outside their Skokie house. “It is just really cool how the universe can change and how something like that happens,” Dobek said. Now a seven
11、th grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed-Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for traveling to Mars. Dobek competed by handing in a two-minute video where she presents her design.“My design will not only ensure the safe
12、ty of the astronauts (宇航员) but also make sure their comfort is out of this world,” she says in her video. Dobeks design calls for building the Mars Storage Station to store plentiful supplies. In the video, Dobek explains how her spacecraft (宇宙飞船)the Adventurerwill land in a space station. Dobeks de
13、sign includes physical activity for the astronauts. They can choose their exercise machines and virtual (虚拟的) reality environment. So they will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth such as their homes. Dobek said she began her project by performing her research and then she
14、 constructed the design over three weeks to a month, working on it whenever she could, including on weekends.When Andrea Smeeton, her teacher, saw the video and her design before they were sent, she said she had a feeling that she could win. “I dont know why but maybe it was the excitement and the d
15、etail in the project,” Smeeton said. “I have taught for a long time and many of my students are gifted but this project is just very creative and it gives hope to a space program.”Dobek and her parents traveled to Washington D.C. in April where they learned Dobek had won. When she texted her teacher
16、 the happy results, Smeeton admitted that she cried. “I want to tell other kids to follow their dreams,” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do,they should kind of just push for it. They should always try their best.”1.What change did Dobek show after watching the total lunar eclipse?A.She determined
17、 to be a scientist.B.She took to working with her father.C.She got interested in the universe.D.She gave up her dream of becoming an astronaut.2.What can be learned about Dobeks design?A.It replaces the role of the Adventurer.B.It enables astronauts to connect with their family.C.It ensures the safe
18、ty of the supplies in the spacecraft.D.It aims to make life in the Mars space station comfortable.3.How did Smeeton feel about Dobeks design after seeing it?A.She felt it was pretty amazing.B.She felt it was a little disappointing.C.She felt it was less fun than she had expected.D.She felt it was as
19、 good as other students designs.4.What kind of girl is Dobek?A.Energetic and friendly.B.Productive and selfless.C.Strong-willed and generous.D.Forward-looking and inventive.BWhen youre struggling to finish a term paper, preparing a big presentation or studying for final exams, sleep might be the fir
20、st thing you sacrifice so you have time to get all the work done. To make up for it, you might start drinking coffee to help you study late into the night. But theres bad news if youre trying to keep that kind of schedule for more than a couple of days.“We were particularly surprised that the perfor
21、mance advantage invested by two daily 200-milligram doses (剂量) of caffeine was lost after lack of sleep for three nights, ” lead author Tracy Jill Doty declared in a statement. “These results are important, because caffeine is widely used to deal with performance decline following periods of lack of
22、 sleep. The data from this study suggests that the same effective daily dose of caffeine is unable to prevent performance decline over many days of lack of sleep.”The sample size was very small (48 people), so we cant think everyone will respond the same way. Those 48 people slept five hours per nig
23、ht for five nights straight. They got a caffeine dose equal to a large cup of coffee around 8 am and another around 12 pm each day. For the first two days, the people who got caffeine were performing better on attention and reaction tests. But by the third day, the caffeine was no longer helping the
24、m perform any better than the people who didnt get any caffeine.Increasing the caffeine dose may have changed that. “But the more caffeine you consume, the more negative side effects you feel,” Doty said. “This work goes along with lots of other work showing that the negative effects of lacking slee
25、p are difficult to overcome. This is true even with a heavy daily dose of caffeine.”5.Who will be the intended reader of the text?A.Educators.B.Students.C.Adults.D.Officials.6.How was the experiment mainly conducted?A.By listing examples.B.By reasoning.C.By analyzing results.D.By arguing.7.What does
26、 the result of the study show?A.Caffeine fails to perform better over an extended time.B.Increasing caffeine can promote ones performance.C.Drinking too much coffee might lead to sleep loss.D.Caffeine doesnt prevent performance decline at all.8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Coffee: Sle
27、ep LossB.Coffee: Performance IncreaseC.Enough Sleep Makes Coffee WorkD.The More Coffee, The Worse Effects.七选五Light in a bottleThis is such a simple idea! Its a special lamp that needs and costs nothing to run. It wasnt invented by a famous scientist, but by a man called Alfredo Moser in Brazil sixte
28、en years ago. In his hometown at the time, they had problems with electricity. 1 One day, Moser and his friends were talking about how they could create a signal in an emergency. One of them suggested using a bottle to reflect the light from the sun. This made Moser think. 2All you need is a clean p
29、lastic bottle. Fill it with water and close it with a black top. The black top attracts the sun. A drop of bleach (漂白剂), the kind you use to clean the house, is added to the water to keep it clean. Then a small hole is cut in the roof of the room where you want the light, and the bottle is pushed th
30、rough the hole. 3 Its much stronger than the light from a candle!Moser shared his idea with his neighbours and his light bottles were fixed in the local supermarket. Ten years later, the MyShelter Foundation in the Philippines heard about Mosers idea. 4 Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000
31、 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too. 5 Moser lamps have surely made life easier for a lot of people!A.Why not use water to make light?B.In India, the bottles are used in countryside schools.C.Moser is very good at making things around the hom
32、e.D.Peoples homes and small businesses were often left in the dark.E.Following Mosers method, the organization started making this kind of lamp in 2011.F.While theres sunlight outside, the light will be carried through the water into the room below.G.The MyShelter Foundation also offers training to
33、people who want to earn money by fixing the lamps in their communities.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 参考答案与解析基础知识过关.1.conduct2.experiment3.wisdom4.errors5.postpone6.broad.1.draw on2.refer to3.speed up4.die of5.pay off6.Through trial and error.1.survival考查名词。句意:动物的嗅觉对其生存仍然至关重要。形容词性物主代词后接名词,根据its可知空处用名词形式;survival表示“
34、生存,存活”时是不可数名词,故填survival。2.intention考查名词。句意: 我写这封信是想邀请你参加我们这几天要进行的一次远足。形容词性物主代词后接名词,根据My及语境可知空处用名词,故填intention。3.to考查介词。句意: 中国将更加积极地参与全球经济治理,使经济全球化更加开放、平衡、共赢。 be beneficial to为固定搭配,意为“对有益”。故填to。4.limited考查形容词。句意:他们可能只有有限的时间来讲清楚自己的观点。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词amount,表示“有限的”,故用形容词limited。5.sufficiently考查副词。句意:我想这
35、真的足够清楚了,我们不要在这个问题上再多花任何时间了。空处修饰形容词clear,故用副词形式。.1.to receive考查动词不定式。被序数词修饰的名词后常接动词不定式作后置定语,根据the first可知,用动词不定式作后置定语。2.studied考查动词的时态。该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,故填studied。3.Inspired考查过去分词。空处为非谓语动词作状语,根据by可知,主语she和动词inspire之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。4.However考查副词。根据语境可知,空处前后为转折关系;根据逗号可知,空处用副词However。分析此处填But。空格后有逗号
36、,故只能用However而不能用But。5.to be postponed考查固定搭配和被动语态。be likely to do为固定搭配;主句主语the trials on real patients和动词postpone之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,故填to be postponed。6.up考查固定搭配。speed up为固定搭配,意为“加速”。7.off考查固定搭配。pay off为固定搭配,意为“成功,奏效,取得好结果”。8.successfully考查副词。空处修饰动词discovered,故用副词形式。9.which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词
37、在从句中作主语,指代qinghaosu,故填which。10.and考查连词。分析可知,explore和raise为并列成分,故用并列连词and。能力提升训练.A语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了女孩EmiliaDobek对太空有很大的兴趣,并且通过设计一个去火星的空间站赢得了大奖。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Emilia Dobeks interest in space and the universe started in the third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclip
38、seoutside their Skokie house.可知,在观看完月全食后Dobek对宇宙产生了兴趣。故选C。2.D细节理解题。根据第四段中Dobek所说的话My design will not only ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world可知,Dobek的设计不仅能确保宇航员的安全,还能确保他们生活的舒适度。故选D。3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“I dont know why but maybe it was the excitemen
39、t and the detail in the project,” Smeeton said. “I have taught for a long time and many of my students are gifted but this project is just very creative and it gives hope to a space program.”可知,Smeeton认为这个项目非常有创意,有望成为真正的太空计划。由此可推知,Smeeton认为Dobek的设计非常令人惊叹。故选A。4.D推理判断题。根据本文内容可知,Dobek对太空非常感兴趣,并且设计了一个去火
40、星的空间站,她的老师认为这个设计有望成为真正的太空计划,由此可推知,Dobek非常具有远见和创造力。故选D。B语篇解读这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项科学研究成果:人们如果多日睡眠不足,即使喝咖啡也没有用。5.B推理判断题。根据第一段第一句When youre struggling to finish a term paper, preparing a big presentation or studying for final exams, sleep might be the first thing you sacrifice so you have time to get all the
41、work done.(当你正努力完成一篇学期论文,准备一个重要的展示或为期末考试而学习时,睡眠可能是你牺牲的第一样东西,这样你就有时间完成所有工作。)可以推断出,本文主要是针对经常熬夜的学生而写的,故本文潜在的读者是学生,故选B项。6.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的They got a caffeine dose equal to a large cup of coffee around 8 am and another around 12 pm each day. For the first two days, the people who got caffeine were performi
42、ng better on attention and reaction tests. But by the third day, the caffeine was no longer helping them perform any better than the people who didnt get any caffeine.可知,该实验是通过分析比对三天摄入咖啡因的实验组和没有咖啡因摄入的对照组的表现结果而进行的,故选C项。A项“列举事例”;B项“推论”;D项“辩论”。7.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“We were particularly surprised that the p
43、erformance advantage invested by two daily 200-milligram doses of caffeine was lost after lack of sleep for three nights,” lead author Tracy Jill Doty declared in a statement.可知,长时间缺乏睡眠后,咖啡因的作用就会消失,咖啡因不能长时间起作用,故选A项。8.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了“人们如果多日睡眠不足,即使喝咖啡也无济于事”这一研究结论,结合选项可知C项Enough Sleep Makes Coffe
44、e Work(充足的睡眠能让咖啡发挥作用)概括较为全面准确,故选C项。.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文,文章介绍了莫泽发明的莫泽灯和莫泽灯给人们带来的便利。1.D根据上文In his hometown at the time, they had problems with electricity.(当时在他的家乡存在供电问题。)可以判断,空处介绍该问题导致的结果:人们的家和小企业经常处在黑暗之中。故选D项。2.A上文提到This made Moser think.(这让莫泽思考。)空处承接上文,说明思考的内容:为什么不用水来发光呢?故选A项。3.F根据上文Then a small hole is cu
45、t in the roof of the room where you want the light, and the bottle is pushed through the hole.(然后在你想要光线的房间的屋顶上开一个小洞,把瓶子推进洞里去。)可以判断,空处解释这样做的原因:当外面有阳光的时候,光线会通过水传送到下面的房间。故选F项。4.E根据下文Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too.(现在,在菲律宾超过140,000个家庭安装了莫泽灯,这个主意也传播到了许多其他国家。)可以判断,空处介绍产生这种结果的原因,故选E项。5.B根据上文Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too.可知,空处介绍其他国家使用这种灯的情况,B项介绍了印度使用这种灯的情况,故选B项。