1、高考提能练(二十四)必修5Unit 4Making the news.阅读理解A (2020滨州市名校联合第三次质量检测)Although social media allow us to become more connected to other people than at any time in history，a new study suggests that many Americans feel lonelier than ever before，which is weakening the nations mental and physical health.The study
2、 conducted by the health insurer Cigna，found widespread loneliness，with nearly half of Americans reporting they feel alone，or left out at least some of the time.The nations 75 million millennials( ages 2337 ) and Generation Z adults( ages 1822) are lonelier than older generations.Besides，54% of peop
3、le surveyed said they feel no one knows them well，and four in 10 reported they “lack companionship”，their “relationships arent meaningful” and they “are isolated(孤立的) from others”Douglas Nemecek，MD，Cignas chief medical officer for Behavioral Health，said the findings of the study suggest that the pro
4、blem has become common，equaling the risks caused by tobacco and the nations everexpanding waistline.“Loneliness has the same influence on health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day，while obesity(肥胖) less than 10 cigarettes a day，” he said in releasing the report.Nemeceks comments tallied_with those of ot
5、her leading public health specialists，including former Surgeon General Vivek HMurthy，MD，who said loneliness should be targeted in public health campaigns like those designed to fight against smoking and obesity.“During my years caring for patients，the worst disease I saw was not heart disease or dia
6、betes；it was loneliness，” Murthy said in a recent cover story in the Harvard Business Review.The new report，produced in Cignas partnership with the polling company Ipsos，is based on an online survey of more than 20，000 US adults using the wellregarded UCLA Loneliness Scale to see how widespread lone
7、liness is in America.语篇解读本文是说明文，主题语境是“人与社会”。文章介绍了一项研究的结果：尽管社交媒体让我们比历史上任何时候都更能与他人建立起联系，但许多美国人感到比以往任何时候都更加孤独。1What does the study conducted by Cigna find?AOlder Americans feel much lonelier.BSocial media do people more harm than good.CPeople become more connected to each other.DSocial media increase l
8、evels of Americans loneliness.D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a new study suggests that many Americans feel lonelier than ever before”可知，新的研究发现社交媒体让美国人变得更加孤独。2Which opinion might Douglas Nemecek support?ALoneliness is not so harmful as smoking.BLoneliness is taken seriously by the public.CLoneliness is more dangero
9、us than obesity.DLoneliness is targeted in public health campaigns.C考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Loneliness has the same influence on health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day，while obesity(肥胖)less than 10 cigarettes a day”可知，孤独对健康的影响相当于每天吸15支烟的影响，而肥胖对健康的影响相当于每天吸不到10支烟的影响。由此可推知，孤独比肥胖更危险。3What does the underlined phra
10、se “tallied with” mean in Paragraph 4?AAgreed with. BVaried with.CContradicted. DInspired.A考查词义猜测。根据上文提到的Nemecek的言论和下文中的“those of other leading public health specialists.loneliness should be targeted in public health campaigns like those designed to fight against smoking and obesity”“the worst disea
11、se I saw was not heart disease or diabetes；it was loneliness”可知，此处表示Nemecek的言论与其他一些健康专家的言论是一致的，故选A。4What is the purpose of the text?ATo discuss health problems.BTo present findings of a recent study.CTo warn people about social media use.DTo show threats to Americans health.B考查写作目的。根据文章内容尤其是文章首尾两段的呼
12、应可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究的结果：尽管社交媒体使得人们更易与他人产生联系，但许多美国人却感到比以往任何时候都孤独。故选B。B (2020山西省六校高三第一次阶段测试)More than half of working Africans have jobs in agriculture，but inadequate tools and a lack of investment have left the continents mostly small farms struggling to feed a growing population.Now，a wave of technologi
13、cal solutions is aiming to help.Esther Usman，from Kaduna State，Northwest Nigeria，has been growing corn since she was 17，when she dropped out of school to support her family after her fathers death.Two decades on，she was struggling.She often lay awake at night worrying about how to feed and educate h
14、er children.At times，money ran so low that she was forced to sell her crop for a bit.“If my farm was affected by pests，I could only afford to buy a small amount of pesticide，which was usually not effective.And corn in storage is often lost to moisture(潮气) and pests，which is a big problem，” says Usma
15、n，now 38.In 2017，Usman joined Babban Gona，a social enterprise that acts as a farmers partner and offers farmers credit，training and other support.It was launched in 2012 with 102 farmers，and now works with 20，000.Field officers employed by Babban Gona photograph its farmers fields.An app reviews the
16、 photos，evaluating the germination(发芽) rate and seeing if the soil needs nutrients based on leaf colors.The field officers step in to warn farmers of any problems they find and advise on possible solutions.Some farmers have increased their yields(产量) by 50 percent.Once the corn is harvested，Babban G
17、ona stores it in sealed containers and aims to sell it at the right time to maximize the farmers profits.The payments Usman receives from Babban Gona allow her to invest in a cow，to buy new clothes for her family，and to build a house.语篇解读文章以Esther Usman为例介绍了非洲农民在科技的帮助下生活状况得以改善的情况。5What can Usman be
18、described in her early life?AActive but unskilled.BResponsible and wise.CHardworking but penniless.DPained and unambitious.C考查推理判断。根据第二段内容可推断，Usman在早年间虽然努力工作但过着贫穷的生活。6What was the challenge for Usman after harvesting corn?ASelling it.BReserving it.CKilling pests on the farm.DFeeding and educating he
19、r children.B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And corn in storage is often lost to moisture(潮气) and pests，which is a big problem”可知，Usman说储藏中的玉米经常会因为潮气和害虫而坏掉，因此对她来说收完玉米后的储存是个问题，即储存玉米是一个挑战。故答案为B。7How do the field officers work in Babban Gona?AThey evaluate the photos of crops.BThey lend money to needy farmers.CThey sen
20、d photos taken by farmers to an app.DThey serve as a bridge between farmers and it.D考查推理判断。根据第四段中对field officers的工作内容的介绍“Field officers employed by Babban Gona photograph its farmers fields.The field officers step in to warn farmers of any problems they find and advise on possible solutions”可知，Babba
21、n Gona雇用的田地工作人员对农民的田地进行拍照，一个应用程序审核这些照片并评估这些照片中的农作物，而后田地工作人员告诉农民他们发现的任何问题，并就可能的解决方案提出建议。由此可推知，田地工作人员充当了农民和这个公司之间的桥梁。8What does the text mainly talk about?ATechnology helps African farmers live better.BA company supports African farmers.CFarming in Africa is faced with a difficult situation.DAfrican f
22、armers invent smart farming.A考查主旨大意。本文以Esther Usman为例介绍了科技帮助非洲农民改善生活状况，故答案为A。.完形填空(2020日照市重点中学高三5月联考)My adviser interviewed me over the phone.He_1_my undergraduate record and thought I had a graduate degree.Therefore，I was_2_to the Ph.D.program.He welcomed me into his lab even after knowing the_3_I
23、began to get into a running start.I_4_myself into reading every paper found and testing scientific questions.But four years later，I felt lost because I_5_passed my qualifying exam.Then a friend asked me to volunteer as a barman at a gala (盛会).I was _6_at first，having never worked behind a bar，_7_ I
24、said yes in the end.I spent an evening_8_cutting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks.I was tired but also felt unbelievablesurprising how much_9_I had.Later，I realized the reason why I enjoyed this experience so much was that the_10_of this job were exactly what I was _11_from my Ph.D.program.It w
25、as only physically tiring，for the tasks I did were_12_At that point，I had not had a pause in _13_as hard as I could for four years，and I was completely _14_of the toll (损害) it was taking on my spirit.Since then，Ive tried to give my mind more_15_语篇解读本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。作者偶然加入了博士课程，因此努力提高自己，证明自己，甚至没有好好
26、休息，后来作者认识到大脑休息也很重要。1A.disbelieved BrejectedCmisread DmixedC根据空后的“my undergraduate record and thought I had a graduate degree”可知，他误读(misread)了作者的学士学位，以为作者有硕士学位。disbelieve“不相信，怀疑”；reject“拒绝”；mix“混合”。2A.introduced BadmittedCaccompanied DcompensatedB根据下文中的“He welcomed me into his lab”可知，作者被准许加入(admitted
27、)博士课程了。introduce“介绍，引进”；accompany“陪同，陪伴”；compensate“补偿”。3A.criterion BgapCweakness DerrorD根据上文可知，他误读了作者的学士学位，且把作者加进了博士课程，故此处表示即使发现了错误(error)，他还是欢迎作者到他的实验室。criterion“标准”；gap“差距”；weakness“弱点”。4A.argued BtrickedCthrew DfrightenedC作者投身于阅读自己能找到的每一篇论文。argue oneself into“说服自己(做某事)”；trick oneself into“骗自己(做
28、某事)”；throw oneself into“投身于，热衷于”；frighten oneself into“把自己吓得(做某事)”。5A.merely BsurprisinglyCeasily DbarelyD根据空前的“But four years later，I felt lost because”可知，此处表示虽然作者那么努力，但是他的资格考试勉强(barely)才及格。merely“仅仅”；surprisingly“惊人地”；easily“轻松地”。6A.optimistic BthrilledCconfused DhesitantD根据下文中的“having never worke
29、d behind a bar”可知，作者从来没有在吧台工作过。由此可知，此处表示作者一开始是犹豫的(hesitant)。optimistic“乐观的”；thrilled“兴奋的”；confused“迷惑的”。7A.but BsoCand DorA作者一开始是犹豫的，而下文提到作者最后答应了，由此可知，空处前后构成转折关系，故用but。8A.going about Blooking throughCbursting in Dcarrying onA根据空后提到的工作内容和下文的“tired”可知，此处表示作者一整个晚上都在忙着切水果和做其他不需要特殊技能的活儿。go about“忙于”。 9.
30、Ajoy BexperienceCskill DcomfortA根据下文的“why I enjoyed.so much”可知，作者感到难以置信惊叹于自己从中感到的乐趣。10A.designs BchancesCvarieties DdemandsD作者意识到这是因为这份工作的要求(demands)正是他在博士课程中所错过(missing)的。design“设计”；chance“机会”；variety“品种”。11A.missing BsufferingClearning DavoidingA参见上题解析。12A.boring BmeaningfulCsimple DvagueC根据上文中的“c
31、utting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks”可知，此处表示作者做的工作很简单(simple)。boring“无聊的，令人厌烦的”；meaningful“有意义的”；vague“模糊的，含糊的”。13A.hitting BthinkingCwinning DcomplainingB作者四年来都尽可能不休息，一直努力思考(thinking)。14A.nervous BashamedCproud DunawareD作者完全没有意识到它带给自己精神上的损害。be nervous of“害怕”；be ashamed of“为感到羞愧”；be proud of
32、“为感到自豪”；be unaware of“没有意识到”。15A.practices BmotivationsCbreaks DreasonsC根据作者的这次经历和“I had not had a pause”可知，此处表示，从那以后，作者试着让他的大脑有更多的休息(breaks)。.语法填空(2020昆明市高三“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试)David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem，he had a 1._(create)ideato treat plastic li
33、ke money.Mr.Katz calls his idea the “Plastic Bank”The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems 2._(gradual).The Plastic Bank adds a value to plastic waste by paying people to recycle it.The program began in 2015 in Haiti，a poor island nation with many 3._(problem)
34、 of waste plastic.The Plastic Bank has 30 “markets” in Haiti.At the Plastic Bank markets，people can exchange the plastic theyve collected for 4._ they need.The Plastic Bank markets sell lots of things that local people need.The stores also allow plastic collectors to use the money they earn to pay 5
35、._ health care or school.To make sure that the plastic 6._(recycle)，the Plastic Bank works with partners，who agree 7._(use)the plastic that is collected.When customers buy these products，which are labeled “Social Plastic”，they know that they are both helping people in other parts of the world 8._ ke
36、eping plastic out of the ocean.So far，the Plastic Bank 9._(keep) about 7 million pounds of plastic out of the ocean.It makes a great 10._(contribute)to the ocean.语篇解读David Katz对被扔进海洋的塑料感到烦恼，为了帮助解决这个问题，他想出了一个创造性的想法塑料银行，即像对待钱一样对待塑料。1解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。答案：creative2解析：考查词性转
37、换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词solve，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填gradually。答案：gradually3解析：考查名词的单复数。problem为可数名词，空处被many修饰，故此处应用名词复数，所以填problems。答案：problems4解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作need的宾语，表示“的事物”，所以填what。答案：what5解析：考查介词。pay for sth.“为付款”是固定用法，所以填介词for。答案：for6解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为客观描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓
38、语，与句子主语the plastic构成被动关系，故用被动结构，即bedone，又主语为单数形式，所以填is recycled。答案：is recycled7解析：考查固定用法。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”是固定用法，故填to use。答案：to use8解析：考查连词。根据该句中的“both”可知，此处考查both.and.“不仅而且”固定搭配，故用连词and。答案：and9解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语So far 可知，空处应用现在完成时形式，即have/hasdone，另句子的主语the Plastic Bank是单数形式，所以填has kept。答案：has kept10解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词make的宾语，被冠词a和形容词great修饰，应用名词单数形式，所以填contribution。答案：contribution