1、非谓语动词高考考点梳理 山东省邹平县长山中学 谢树征 通过对2000-2006高考题单项填空题统计分析，发现近7年考查非谓语动词用法的题目118题。通过梳理高考考点并结合教学实际，笔者总结为10个考点，涉及非谓语动词的语法功能、时态和语态及否定用法、非谓语动词的特殊用法三个方面。非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动词的ing形式和动词的ed形式。它不受人称和数的限制，但有时态和语态的变化，主动被动之分。在选择时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即：非谓语动词的主语和主句句子的主语是否一致。如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立结构。动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”。他没有人
2、称和数的变化，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。动词的ed形式，可以在句中做表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词的ing形式，可以在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语。 考点一、非谓语动词作定语1 动词的ed形式作定语【高考衔接】(06山东卷29) Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being given B. is given C. give
3、n D. was given解析：动词give与所修饰词title之间关系是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语，选C。小结：动词的ed形式作定语时，通常与先行词之间是被动关系，表示已完成的动作。2 动词的ing形式作定语【高考衔接】 (06湖南卷21) The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover解析：cover与a soft orange blanket之间关系是主动进行关系，所以选A。小结：动词的ing形式作定语时，通常表示与
4、先行词之间是主动关系，表示正在进行的动作和存在的状态。3 动词不定式作定语【高考衔接】(06四川卷26) The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held解析：to be held，不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的事情，做the 29th Olympic Games的后置定语。Hold与它修饰的词the 29th Olympic Games是被动关系，选D。 小结：不定式做定语一般表示将要发生的动作。【解题指导】动词的ed形式作
5、定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是“被动、完成”的关系，动词的ing形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是“主动、进行”关系。动词的ing形式做定语还表示用途和目的，如the reading room 。动词不定式作定语表示将来要发生的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。如：He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 考点二、非谓语动词作状语1 动词的ed形式作状语【高考衔接】(06四川卷33). _ w
6、ith so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face解析：动词face与主句的主语we之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，但两者之间是被动关系所以选A。2 动词的ing形式作状语【高考衔接】 (06全国卷2)17. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things.A. thinking B. thi
7、nk C. to think D. thought解析：think与主句的主语之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，且两者之间是主动关系所以A。动词的ing形式，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语。3、动词不定式作状语【高考衔接】 (06上海春38). _ the employees working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved解析：不定式做目的状语，表示将来达到的目的
8、，所以选B。4非谓语动词做评注性状语（06福建达标）- what happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night ?-I lost my way in complete darkness and , _ things worse , it began to pour. A. making B. to make C. having made D.made 解析：动词不定式“to make things worse” 做评注性状语，不定式评注性状语修饰整个句子，选B。（06海淀期中）The car burns more fuel ,
9、 but _ all things into consideration , its still a good car.A. taken B.having taken C. taking D.to take 解析：“taking all things into consideration”做评注性状语，动词ing形式做评注性状语表示说话人的态度。【解题指导】 非谓语动词作状语主要分析它与主句中主语之间的关系是主动还是被动，主动用动词ing形式，被动用动词ed形式。表示将来的目的和状态时用动词不定式。可做评注性状语的有：不定式To tell the truth, to be honest等；动词
10、ing形式generally speaking, judging from what he said , considering等。考点三、非谓语动词作主语和表语 【高考衔接】(05北京卷) Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having解析： “Having the answers ready”做主语，选D。 (06浙江卷) It remains _ whethe
11、r Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see解析：非谓语动词作表语表示将来和被动，选B。小结：非谓语动词作主语和表语近几年来考查的较少，在此不再赘述。考点四、非谓语动词作宾语1 动词的ing形式做宾语和不定式做宾语【高考衔接】 (06北京卷35). I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working ; stopping
12、B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D.to work ; to stop 解析：stand dong sth （忍受做某事）, refuse to do sth （拒绝做某时）,所以选C。小结： 只能接动词的ing形式作宾语动词及词组有admit , avoid ,appreciate , consider , delay , dislike ,enjoy ,escape ,finish ,fancy ,feel like, give up , cant help ,Mind , mean（意味着）, miss ,postpone , pra
13、ctice , put off等。只能接不定式作动词有: afford , agree ,decide ,desire ,expect ,fail , hope , manage ,promise , pretend ,plan , intend , refuse, wish 等。2 动词的ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的比较【高考衔接】(06湖南卷)28.If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again.A. gets B. got C. to get
14、 D. getting（06名校联考）Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C.to have made D.having made解析：答案：D ；B。mean doing sth 意味着做某事，mean to do sth打算做某事。小结： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop等词后接不定式和动名词做宾语时，意思不同。考点五、非谓语动词作宾补
15、1 不定式作宾补【高考衔接】（04北京）My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A for me takingB me takingC for me to takeD me to take小结：有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还有：advise，allow，causeconsider，encourage，forbid，force，intend，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，requireurge ，warn ，ask ，wish
16、，want等。特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。2分词做宾补【高考衔接】（04天津）Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. (B)A runB runningC being runD to run (06上海春，39.) In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having b
17、een chased（05天津卷）You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. (D)A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained解析：考查动词ing形式和动词ed形式做宾补。答案B; C; D。考点六、动词ing形式的时态语态【高考衔接】（05湖北卷）_from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not foun
18、d in any other country in the world. ABeing separated BHaving separated CHaving been separatedD.To be separated小结：考查动词ing形式的完成被动式，用“having+been+过去分词”表示，它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与主句主语关系为被动关系在句中表示时间和原因，选C。考点七、不定式的时态语态【高考衔接】(06广东卷30.) _this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B
19、. Make C. To make D. Making (06陕西卷18.) He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told(06山东卷33).Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. have been missing B. have g
20、ot lost C. be missing D. get lost小结：答案：C；B；A。当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态，如果是被动关系则用被动语态。不定式的一般式表示将要发生的动作或状态。不定式的进行式表示不定式动作正在进行之中，不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。3不定式的主动形式表被动意义 【高考衔接】(06安徽省35) Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one Ablamed Bblaming Cto blam
21、e Dto be blamed（04上海春季）Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _ ? A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought解析：答案：C；B 。解析：以下情况不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1个别动词用“be+不定式”表示将来和应该时：I think Tom is to blame . The house is to let.这房子要出租。2 不定式放在形容词之后时：This question is difficult to answer.
22、 This kind of chicken is nice to eat.考点八、非谓语动词否定形式【高考衔接】（04广东） _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed解析：考查非谓语作状语的否定形式，选C 。（31）（04上海春季）Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the
23、plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able解析：考查分词作宾语的否定形式，选C 。（34）（03北京）The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not makeC. not makingD. not to make解析：考查分词作宾语补足语的否定形式，选D 。考点九、非谓语动词的独立结构独立主格结构逻辑主语逻辑谓语。独立主格的名词或代词作为逻辑主语，非谓语动词做逻辑谓语构成。 在选择非谓
24、语动词时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即：非谓语动词的主语和句子的主语是否一致。如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。1分词的独立结构【高考衔接】 (上海1986) ， They will go and visit the Zoo.(上海1986)A. weather permitting B.Weather permitted C.Weather being permitted D.Weather having permitted解析：permit有自己的逻辑主语weather，与主句的主语They不一致。逻辑主语weather
25、与 逻辑谓语permit之间是主动关系。相当于If weather permits, they will go and visit the zoo.看另一例子：His homework finished , Jim went to bed to sleep. 逻辑主语His homework与 逻辑谓语finish之间是被动关系。 2介词With引导的独立主格结构【高考衔接】(05北京卷) I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on解析：“with all
26、that noise going on”构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。A “with名词宾补”的复合结构，是主动意义，故选A. going on. (02 上海春季) With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled解析：With+名词或代词+不定式，构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled表示正在被
27、解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。小结：与非谓语动词有关的With 结构有三种：With+名词或代词+现在分词；With+名词或代词+过去分词；With+名词或代词+不定式。例如：With you siting here, I cant do my homework.With the problem settled , we all felt happy.With the teacher to help me ,we will complete the task soon.考点十、“疑问词+不
28、定式”结构（02全国）. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do withwhat to do it with what to do with itto do what with it（02全国）The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. whowhenhowWhat小结：答案：；A 。“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中起名词性作用可充当
29、主语、宾语和表语。跟踪练习：1(06上海春36). There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait2(06北京卷) 28. There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
30、3(06湖北卷34). Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A.do B. to do C. doing D. and doing4（05辽宁卷）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. Ain order to have received Bin order to receiveCso as to be received Dso as to be receiving5(06江西卷29)After he became c
31、onscious，he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod Ato attack; hit Bto be attacked；to be hit C. attacking；be hit Dhaving been attacked；hit6（04重庆）Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents . A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry7.(04广东)_ the program
32、me ,they have to stay for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D.Having not completed 8（06崇文统练）Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ,but our work _ , we refused the offer. A . not finishing B.had not been finished C.not having finished D.no
33、t being finished 9 Ive worked with children before , so I know what _in my new job. Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects10（02全国）The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out . A. who B.when C. How D.What跟踪练习答案：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A