1、五年高考练.阅读理解(2020全国新高考,D,)According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份),
2、its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewershi
3、p. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat
4、 and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In
5、 the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participa
6、nt is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can e
7、at much and keep slim, why cant I?1.consumption n.消费;消耗panion n.同伴,伙伴3.contrary to.与相反4.participant n.参加者5.follow suit 效仿1.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A.
8、Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
9、4.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.完形填空(2019浙江,)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the1the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And
10、thats precisely why one2Frenchman has caught our attention.Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving3on discarded(丢弃)food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchets 4of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.As you can 5, the trip
11、is no piece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal 9, most restaurants have a policy against 1
12、0 food waste. “Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food,”Dubanchet said.Whats 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchets cause. Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 14at some 50 different stores or resta
13、urants before finding food. The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.“I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18,”Dubanchet explained. “Is my 19 full or empty?That is the most important thing, not wha
14、t I am eating.”He aims to 20 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, hell turn a few more heads in the process.1.raise awareness增强意识2.precisely adv.恰好;正是3.inaccessible adj.不可得到的4.regulation n.管理;规则5.otherwise adv.否则6.discard v.丢弃1.A.clevererB.older C.strangerD.simpler2.A.garbage-eatingB.sports-lovin
15、gC.food-wastingD.law-breaking3.A.secretlyB.finallyC.entirelyD.probably4.A.purposeB.way C.opinionD.dream5.A.observeB.imagine C.suggestD.remember6.A.storeB.cookC.shop forD.throw away7.A.lockedB.damaged C.connectedD.abandoned8.A.boughtB.offered C.orderedD.sold9.A.reasonsB.rights C.feesD.aids10.A.beggin
16、g forB.giving awayC.hidingD.causing11.A.didB.kept C.acceptedD.risked12.A.hardlyB.usually C.particularly D.merely13.A.easiestB.nearest C.biggest D.richest14.A.workB.shout C.ask D.jump15.A.competitionB.conversationC.conflictD.challenge16.A.adequateB.rewardingC.demandingD.suitable17.A.againB.alone C.la
17、terD.fast18.A.spiritB.energy C.timeD.effort19.A.stomachB.hand C.pocketD.basket20.A.arrangeB.restartC.reportD.finish五年高考练.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为生活方式。到底和胖人一块用餐吃得多还是和瘦人一块用餐吃得多呢?本文旨在培养学生养成良好的饮食习惯,保持身体健康。1.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:最近这项研究主要是关于什么的?根据文章第一句话“根据消费者研究杂志上的一项最新研究,和我们一块用餐的同伴的体型和吃饭习惯都会影响我们的食物的摄入量”可知这
18、项研究是关于我们的饮食行为的。故选D项。A:食品安全;B:电影观众类型;C:消费者需求。2.D词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第一段中画线单词 “beanpoles”指的是什么?画线单词所在的句子表示:现有的研究成果认为你应该避免和那些较重的要大份饭菜的人一块用餐,与此相反,你真正需要避开的是那些瘦高个且饭量大的人。画线单词与前面的heavier people相反,故选D项。A:大胃王;B:超重的人;C:吃饭挑剔的人。3.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:研究人员为什么雇用这位演员?作者在第二、三、四段描述了研究人员雇用这位演员和那些参与者做的两个测试,发现这位演员的饮食摄入量都会影响参与者的饮食量。由此
19、推断出雇用她的目的就是测试她是如何影响参与者的。故选A项。B:测试一下参与者是否能认出她;C:为了弄明白她会在这两次测试中做什么。D:研究她为什么能够保持体重下降。4.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据最后一段,我们在什么基础上“调整这种影响”?根据最后一段第二、三句话(如果这个同伴吃得多,我也要吃得多。我们称之为“我要有她有的东西”效应)推断出我们要想调整这种影响,就是要调整我们如何看待别人。故选C项。A:我们到底有多饿;B:我们想要自己有多苗条;D:我们对食物的感觉。原句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
20、eating with heavier people who order large portions, its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.分析这是一个主从复合句。contrary to.作状语,其中that引导定语从句,修饰research;who引导定语从句,修饰people;you really need to avoid是定语从句。句意现有的研究表明,你应该避免和那些要大量饭菜的胖子一起吃饭,和现有的研究相反,你真正需要避开的是那些大胃口的瘦高个子。.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,
21、主题语境内容为公益事业。一个法国人为了加强人们对全球食物浪费问题的意识,有了一个奇怪的想法:在骑自行车穿越欧洲时只吃被丢弃的食物。本文旨在培养学生的文化意识。1.C考查形容词。根据后文描述可知,这个人在骑自行车穿越欧洲时只吃被丢弃的食物以引起人们对食物浪费问题的关注,这个想法是十分奇特的。句意:通常情况下,想法越奇特(stranger),它得到的关注就越多。A:更聪明;B:更老;D:更简单。2.A考查形容词。由第二段第一句话可知,他这一路上是靠吃被丢弃的食物生存下来的。由此可知,他是一个吃垃圾的(garbage-eating)法国人。B:喜爱运动的;C:浪费食物的;D:违法的。3.C考查副词。
22、他骑车穿越欧洲,完全(entirely)靠吃被丢弃的食物生存。A:秘密地;B:最后,终于;D:很可能。4.B考查名词。way of doing sth.做某事的方式。A:目的,意图;C:观点;主张;D:梦想。5.B考查动词。句意:正如你能想象到(imagine)的那样,这趟旅行可不是一件轻而易举的事。A:观察,遵守,庆祝;C:建议,表明;D:记住,牢记。6.D考查动词(短语)。尽管每年饭店会扔掉(throw away)许多食物,但是其中的大部分人们是得不到的。A:储存,储藏;B:烹调;C:采购。7.A考查形容词。人们得不到被扔掉的食物的一个原因就是盛放这些食物的容器被锁上了,故选A项。B:被损
23、坏的;C:连接的;D:被遗弃的。8.B考查动词。句意:只有大约十分之一的地方会给他提供(offered)食物。要不然这些食物就会被丢弃。A:买;C:点菜,命令;D:卖。9.A考查名词。句意:出于法律方面的原因(reasons),大多数饭店都有一个反对赠送餐厨垃圾的政策。B:权利;C:费用;D:帮助,援助。10.B考查非谓语动词。此处表示饭店反对把剩下的食物赠送(giving away)给别人,故选B项。A:祈求;C:隐藏;D:导致,引起。11.D考查动词。此处表示“有些人甚至会冒着丢掉工作的危险(risked)给我食物”。A:做;B:保持,保存;C:接受。12.C考查副词。句意:特别(part
24、icularly)有趣的事是不同的城市对待Dubanchet的事业的态度。A:几乎不;B:通常;D:仅仅。13.A考查形容词。柏林是最容易(easiest)得到食物的城市,而捷克的比尔森市是最难得到食物的城市。the easiest与the most difficult对应。B:最近的;C:最大的;D:最富有的。14.C考查动词。在那里,他不得不询问大约50家不同的商店或者饭店才能找到食物。A:工作;B:呼喊,喊叫;D:跳起来。15.D考查名词。上文描述了向商店或饭店要剩下的食物所遇到的困难,再加上骑车穿越欧洲,挑战(challenge)就更严峻了。A:竞赛,比赛;B:对话,交谈;C:矛盾,冲
25、突。16.C考查形容词。骑车从巴黎到波兰对体能要求很高(demanding)。A:充足的;B:有益的;值得做的;D:适当的。17.D考查副词。在“我”骑车长途跋涉后,“我”必须很快(fast)得到吃的东西。A:再次,又;B:单独,独自;C:后来。18.B考查名词。因为在长途骑行后“我”很疲惫,所以需要从食物中得到能量(energy)。A:精神,心灵;C:时间;D:努力。19.A考查名词。“我”只关心“我”的胃(stomach)里有没有东西,不关心“我”吃的是什么。20.D考查动词。句意:他的目标是在7月中旬之前完成(finish)这次旅程。A:安排;B:重新开始;C:报道。原句While re
26、staurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies.分析这是一个主从复合句。主干部分为:much of it remains inaccessible,第一个逗号前是While引导的让步状语从句,介词短语because of表示原因。句意尽管每年饭店都会扔掉许多食物,但是由于锁上的垃圾箱、卫生法规或者商业政策,大部分被扔掉的食物仍然是无法得到的。
