1、难句剖析拓展1. Besides, were all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those who govern us.除此之外, 我们都是纳税人, 因此, 我们挣的钱越多, 就要向管理我们的政府缴更多的税。剖析：这是一个由so连接的并列句, 第一个并列分句是were all taxpayers , 第二个并列分句是 the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those., 其中包含一个固定结构the more., the more., who
2、govern us是定语从句, 修饰those。拓展：辨析the more.the more.和more and more：虽然同是形容词的比较级, 但是两个有不同含义。the more.the more.“越越”, 表示两个过程按比例同时递增。前一个the more.结构为分句, 后一个the more.结构为主句;通常是从句在前, 主句在后。这种结构往往有省略。如:The sooner you start, the more quickly youll finish it.If you start sooner, you will finish it more quickly.你开始得越早
3、, 结束得就越快。more and more.“越来越”，表示一个过程的不断增长。如:As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired.他继续往前走的时候，感到越来越疲乏。2. And the result of all this?Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.而这一切的结果呢?不是更快乐了, 而是压力增加了, 留给自己和
4、家人、朋友享受乐趣的时间更少了。剖析：这两个简单句可合为一句话。the result是主语, is是系动词, 表语是由not.but.连接的Not increased happiness, but stress and less free time。to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families是不定式作定语, 修饰less free time, 当两个不定式连用时, 第二个可以省略to。increased是过去分词作定语修饰happiness。拓展：1)not.but.“不是而是”, 表示取舍关系，常连接主语、表语和
5、宾语。not only.but also.“不但而且”, 表示递进关系，常连接两个并列的主语、谓语、状语和并列句。2)过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句，现在分词作定语相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。3)介词短语、名词、形容词短语要变成不定式, 需要加to be。3. Trade unions demand that the government shorten the working week.工会要求政府缩短每周的工作时间。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, Trade unions demand.是主句, that the government shorten the working we
6、ek是一个宾语从句, 从句中用了虚拟语气, 省略了should。拓展：在表示命令、要求等动词的后面, 其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”, should可省略。表示“要求”的动词有demand, insist, desire, request, require等。考题中, 常考查省略should的形式。其对应名词也要用虚拟语气, 这类名词有demand, desire, requirement, order, decision等。如:The little girl demanded that she be sent to Xinjiang.4. They are also sugge
7、sting that people should share work and thus reduce unemployment.他们还建议人们应该分享工作, 降低失业率。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, They are also suggesting.是主句, that people should share work and thus reduce unemployment是宾语从句。拓展：在表示建议、忠告等动词的后面, 其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气, should可省略。常用动词有suggest, propose, recommend, advise等, 其对应名
8、词后的同位语从句、表语从句中也用虚拟语气。如:His suggestion was that the baby be taken good care of.他的建议是这个婴儿应该受到很好的照料。但是, 当suggest作“暗示”讲时, 不能用虚拟语气, 要用陈述语气。如:His smile on his face suggested that he agreed on the decision.他脸上的微笑说明他同意这个决定。5. As a society, its high time that we took these issues more seriously.作为整个社会来讲, 我们早
9、就应该更严肃地考虑这些问题了。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, as a society是介词短语作状语, its high time.是主句。take sth. seriously “严肃地考虑某事”。拓展：Its high time that sb. did sth. 是固定句型, 表示“到了某人干某事的时候了”, 含有责备的感情色彩, 从句中用虚拟语气, that引导的从句的谓语用一般过去时。如:It is high time that you went to school.到了你上学的时候了。注意与This is the first/second.time后从句中用现在完成时的区别。This
10、 is the first that I have visited Weihai.这是我第一次参观威海。6. We should also make sure that there are better ways for young people to use their free time apart from spending money.我们还要确保, 除了花钱以外, 轻人有更好的方式来打发他们的业余时间。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, We should also make sure.是主句, that there are better ways for young people to u
11、se their free time apart from spending money是宾语从句。for young people to use their free time 是不定式复合结构作定语, 修饰ways, apart from spending money是介词短语作状语, apart fromas well as= besides, 表示“除了之外”。拓展：动词不定式常作定语, 有主动形式和被动形式之分。在句子中, 当能够找到不定式的逻辑主语的时候, 用主动形式, 当找不到不定式的逻辑主语的时候, 用不定式的被动语态。表示将来的被动语态时, 用to be done, 表示正在
12、进行的被动语态时, 用being done, 表示完成的被动语态时, 用done作定语, having been done作状语。如:I have a lot of work to do, so I cant go to the party.我有很多工作要做, 因此, 不能够去参加晚会。He will put forward three suggestions at the meeting to be held next Monday.在下周一的会上, 他将要提出三条建议。7. Above all, we should remember that “being” and “doing” are
13、 much more important than “having”.更重要的是, 我们应该记住“做人 ”和“做事”比“拥有”更重要。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, above all是状语, we should remember.是主句, that “being” and “doing” are much more important than “having”是宾语从句。从句中的主语“being” and “doing”是指两件事情, 因此, 谓语动词用复数形式。拓展：由and连接的名词的主谓一致情况分以下几种:1）当and连接的两个动名词指两个事物时, 谓语动词用复数。如:Being hon
14、est and doing good deed are both important.诚实和做好事都是重要的。2）当and连接的两个疑问连词指同一个事物时, 谓语动词用单数。如:When and where the bridge will be built hasnt been decided.在哪里和什么时候建造这个大桥还没有定下来。3）当and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一事或同一概念时, and后面那个名词前没有冠词, 谓语动词用单数。当and连接两个都有冠词的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。如:The teacher and writer is respected by all the
15、people around.那位老师, 也是作家, 受到周围人的尊敬。4）用and连接的单数名词, 前面有each, every, many a, no修饰语时, 谓语动词要用单数。如:Every man, woman, and child is willing to take part in games.每一位男女老少都愿意参加运动。8. They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples move
16、ments.他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。剖析：这是一个主从复合句, They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs是主句;which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements是定语从句, it是形式宾语, 不定式to keep.作真正的宾语；easier是宾语的补足语。keep an eye on sb. “监视某人”。拓展：it 作形式宾语句型可以归纳为6123结构:6指主句中常用的动词:make,
17、 think, believe, find, consider, feel等；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词；3指的是真正的宾语的三种形式:不定式短语、动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。如:We think it our duty to water the flowers every day.He felt it important reading English aloud in the morning.He finds it easy that he can remember fifty words in an hour in a special way.9.
18、 By connecting peoples homes, the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens.胡同使家家户户相通, 实际上不管是富人还是普通市民, 他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。剖析：1)这是一个简单句, By connecting peoples homes是方式状语, the hutongs connected peoples lives是主语、谓语和宾语。whether.or.在句中连接两个并列成分
19、, 作peoples lives的同位语。拓展：1）动名词作介词的宾语, 并与介词一起构成短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语。如:The old man is making a life by mending shoes.这位老人靠补鞋谋生。（作状语)The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad. （作定语)最简单的广告是分类广告。They are against using so many animals in experiments. （作表语)他们反对用如此多的动物去做试验。2）要强调说明“动名词动作”发生于“谓语动作”之前时, 多用动名词的完成式, 如果无意具体说明“动名词动作”发生于什么时候, 或是“动名词动作”与“谓语动作”是同时发生时, 就只用动名词的一般式。I regret having said some rude words to my brother. （完成式)我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing. （完成式)我们不知道他们干过这种事情。