1、2015高考英语译林江苏一轮教材全解：B9 U4.重点单词梳理1straightforward /streItfwd/ adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，率直的2vague /veI/ adj.模糊的，隐晦的；不详细的，粗略的3underline /ndlaIn/ vt.强调；突出；加下划线4strike /straIk/ vt.击打；撞击；攻击；罢工；敲(钟)；划(火柴)5delicate /delIkt/ adj.易碎的，脆弱的；纤细的，精致的6burden /bdn/ n负担，重担，重负；v.(使)担负7neat /nit/ adj.整洁的，整齐的，有条理的8deliver /dIlIv(
2、r)/ vt.& vi.递送，运送；发表(演讲)，宣布9agricultural /rIkltrl/ adj.农业的agriculture n农业10ripen /raIpn/ vt.& vi.(使)成熟ripe adj.成熟的；适宜的，时机成熟的11thorough /r/ adj.彻底的，完全的；深入的，细致的thoroughly adv.完全地，彻底地12shorten /tn/ vt.&vi.(使)缩短short adj.缺少的；短的13pray /preI/ vi.& vt.祷告，祈祷prayer n祷告，祷辞.重点短语梳理1translate.into.将译成2by and by不
3、久，过一会儿3be reduced to沦为4hire oneself out打工，受雇于人5catch on受欢迎，流行6count on依靠，依赖7be centred around/centre around围绕，以为中心8in use在使用着.经典原句默写与背诵1There are monks studying Buddhist classics here(有和尚在这里研习佛经)，and many Buddhists come here for prayer every year.2The White Horse Temple has seen a lot of history(历史悠
4、久)3The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history，and as such(正因如此)，it is one of the first historic buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.语境填词1We must speak English frequently(frequent) in order to improve spoken English.2More and more agricultur
5、al(agriculture) products are being shipped abroad.3You are required to shorten(short) the article within 160 words.4These apples need another week to ripen(ripe)5Every day，we give our classroom a thorough(彻底的) cleaning.6He bears a heavy burden(重担) of supporting the big family.7Nowadays，more and more
6、 people like to hunt for what they want at and have them delivered(递送) by the express company.8He was so angry that he struck(击打) the table with his fist.选词填空1Most families now centre around their children，especially their only child.2Dont count on me to see you off.Im afraid I wont have time that d
7、ay.3It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly.4By and by she will understand what I really mean.5They were so poor that they had to hire themselves out on the farms.1 strike vt. & vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工；敲；撞击(hit)；侵袭(attack)；给(某人以)印象(impress)；擦(rub)；突然想起；n.罢工；打击(be struck with/by为所袭击(感动)
8、It strikes me that.我觉得；我的印象是sth.strike(s) sb.(sb.strike(s) on sth.)某人想到be on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢工Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the incidents.医院员工举行罢工，抗议这几起事件。He struck the ball straight into the hospitality tents.他将球直接打进迎宾帐篷里了。图解助记夯实基础同义句改写He struck on a good idea.(用idea作主语
9、改写句子)A good idea struck him.2 burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担，负担(duty；responsibility)；v.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人或自己be burdened with sth.负重His invalid father is becoming a burden to him.他父亲体弱多病，对
10、他来说渐渐成了累赘。I dont want to burden you with my problems.我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。夯实基础完成句子When an elderly relative falls ill，you should not have to shoulder the burden alone.当年长的亲戚病倒时，你不必独自挑起担子。3 catch on(思想、服饰等)受的欢迎，(在中)流行，(被)接受(with sb.)；理解，了解(to sth.)catch up with sb./sth.赶上catch sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事catch sigh
11、t of看见catch ones attention/eye吸引某人Being a foreigner，Carl did not catch on to the joke.卡尔是个外国人，不了解这个笑话的含义。He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.他发明了一种新的游戏，但从未真正流行起来。夯实基础The teacher explained the question slowly and carefully so that the student could .Arely on Bget onCput on Dcatch on答
12、案D解析catch on 理解。4 An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words.习语是由一组词或词组组成的，其意义不容易懂，因为仅看单独单词的意义是无法理解的。 whose作为关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中作定语。既可指人，也可指物。指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。A
13、child whose parents are dead is called orphan.失去双亲的孩子叫孤儿。夯实基础用适当的关系代词填空(1)Nobody wants the house whose windows are broken.(2)The room whose windows face south is mine.(3)The room the windows of which face south is mine.(4)The scientist whose name is known all over the world will give us a talk.单项填空1
14、It me that I left my purse at home.Astruck BoccurredCbeat Dknocked答案A解析It struck sb.that.某人突然想到。2When we came into the classroom，the clock ten.Abeat BblewCstruck Ddefeated答案C解析strike可表示“(钟)敲响报时”解。3I dont want to become a burden my children when Im old.Afor BtoCat Don答案B解析become a burden to sb.“成为某人的
15、负担”。4She got off the bus， with two heavy suitcases.Aburdening BburdenedCburden Dto burden答案B解析句意为：她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。be burdened with“背负着”，用过去分词短语作伴随状语。5Being sick last week，I missed some lessons，but Ill try to the others.Acatch on to Bcatch up withCcatch on Dcatch up答案B解析catch up with sb.赶上某人。6I wis
16、h to thank Professor Smith，without help I would never have got this far.(2012天津，7)Awho BwhoseCwhom Dwhich答案B解析句意为：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，表示“的”。考生容易误选C项，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，而忽略了题干中的help。若选C项的话，可去掉题干中的help。.汉译英你认识那个法语非常好的姑娘吗？(whose引导定语从句)Do you know th
17、e girl whose French is excellent？.单项填空1A bright idea suddenly me that I could use the money I saved to help a poor student in the countryside.Astruck BoccurredChappened Dhurt答案A解析句意为：我突然有了一个很好的想法我可以用存下来的钱帮助农村的一名贫困学生。strike在此意为“突然想到”，为及物动词；occur作“突然想到”讲时为不及物动词，后跟to。2Advertising is distinguished from
18、other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message .Ato deliver BdeliveredCto be delivered Ddelivering答案C解析句意为：广告不同于其他交流形式的原因在于登广告者要为传递的信息付费。the message和deliver之间是被动关系且动作未发生，故用不定式的被动式。3It was necessary the factory building as the company was doing more and more business.Ato ext
19、end BextendingCfor extending Dextended答案A解析该句主语为动词不定式，构成It is necessary to do sth.句式，而不用doing形式。4The people， had been damaged by the flood，were given help by the Red Cross.Aall whose homesBall their homesCall of their homesDall of whose homes答案D解析分析该句，空格后的从句应是定语从句，whose在从句中作定语修饰名词，注意all不可直接用在whose前。
20、5I made up my mind that under no circumstances agree to such a principle.Awould I BI wouldCI will Dwill I答案A解析under no circumstances位于句首，句子要用部分倒装，再根据句子的时态可知用would。故A项正确。6As ，a couple of pandas reached Taiwan Island smoothly.Aexpected BexpectsCto expect Dexpecting答案A解析考查状语从句的省略。补全为“As it was expected
21、，a couple of pandas reached Taiwan Island smoothly.”。7Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea the party is to be held?Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere答案D解析句意为：明天是汤姆的生日。你认为晚会应该在哪里举行？where引导一个同位语从句，并在同位语从句里作地点状语。8In the dark forests ，some large enough to hold several English towns.Astand many lakes B
22、lie many lakesCmany lakes lie Dmany lakes stand答案B解析lakes不可能stand，排除A、D两项；再由表地点的介词短语位于句首引起句子倒装，排除C项。9It was not until she got home Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.Awhen BthatCwhere Dbefore答案B解析句意为：直到到了家， Jennifer才发现钥匙丢了。not.until.句型的强调结构为：It is/was not until.that.。10Life is like a long race
23、we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.Awhy BwhatCthat Dwhere答案D解析句意为：生活就像一次长跑，我们不断和别人竞争以超越自己。本句中，where引导的从句作race的定语。在定语从句中，不缺任何成分，故排除C；what不能引导定语从句；why可以引导定语从句，但表示原因，不合题意。.完形填空Ellen Glanz lied to her teacher about why she hadnt done her homework，but，of course，many students have lied to their
24、 teachers.The 1 is that Ellen Glanz was a 28yearold high school teacher who was a student for six months to 2 her teaching by gaining a fresh perspective(视角) of her school.She found many classes 3 ，students doing as little as necessary to pass tests.She concluded that many students have little power
25、 and 4 for their own education.Ellen Glanz found herself doing the 5 things.There was the day when Glanz wanted to join her friends party to 6 the purchase of a new house，but she had 7 for a math class.For the first time，she knew how students feel when they think something is more 8 than homework.Sh
26、e found a way out and told the 9 ， “I considered my choices：admit 10 to the teacher，copy someone elses sheet，or make up an excuse.” She chose the 11 onethe one most widely 12 and told the teacher that the 13 needed to complete the homework had been ripped(撕掉) from the book.The teacher accepted the s
27、tory，never 14 her book.In fact，nobody else did the homework.“Finally，” Glanz said, “the teacher，thinking that the homework must have been difficult， 15 each question at the blackboard while students copied the 16 at their seats.The teacher had 17 the material and the students had listened to the exp
28、lanation.But had anything been 18 ？I dont think so.” Glanz found these things were 19 in many classes.Students simply didnt do the homework，but copied from someone else or 20 the teacher into doing the work for them.1A.change BchanceCdifference Dmistake答案C解析下文揭示了Glanz本身也是个老师，因此她跟其他没做作业而向老师撒谎的学生是不同的。
29、2A.improve BchangeCincrease Dfinish答案A解析根据上下文可知，Glanz进修学习，并通过新的视角来了解她的学校，这样做都是为了提高她的教学水平，所以选择improve，意为“改善”，“改进”。3A.advanced BlongCboring Dspecial答案C解析根据下文学生们为了通过考试所做的事情都是没有必要的，推断Glanz在上课的过程中发现许多课都很无聊。4A.appreciation BblameCsympathy Dresponsibility答案D解析所填词与power并列，并与education搭配，再根据下文学生们都不做作业，推断此处选择r
30、esponsibility。句意为：她断定许多学生没有什么能力，也对自己的教育缺乏责任感。5A.small BimportantCold Dsame答案D解析上文讲述的是学生们的情况，下文讲述Glanz像其他学生一样，编造不写作业的理由，因此此处是说Glanz发现自己和学生们做着同样的事情。6A.celebrate BwatchCreport Dapprove答案A解析根据句意，Glanz想去参加朋友举办的聚会，这个聚会是为了 买了新房子，可知celebrate符合语境。7A.time BhomeworkCsuggestions Dplans答案B解析下文的more than homework
31、给出提示。8A.surprising BencouragingCindependent Dimportant答案D解析根据上下文可知，Glanz为了参加朋友的庆祝会没有做作业，还向老师撒谎，这说明她认为参加庆祝会要比完成作业重要。因此，Glanz现在体会到了学生们把某些事情看得比作业重要的感受了。9A.lie BsecretCopinion Ddoubt答案B解析下文是Glanz的真实想法，因此此处是说她吐露了秘密。10A.openly BangrilyCcarefully Dpartly答案A解析openly意为“公开地”，“坦率地”，符合语境。句意为：坦率地向老师承认错误。11A.best
32、 BlastConly Dreal答案B解析通过下文可知Glanz编了个理由，向老师撒谎，这是Glanz想好的三条理由中的最后一条。12A.offered BadmiredCused Dargued答案C解析the one most widely used意为“使用最广泛的”，符合语境。13A.photos BdocumentsCletters Dpages答案D解析根据下文，需要完成作业的内容从书上被撕掉了，推断此处选择pages。14A.reading BcheckingCreviewing Dremembering答案B解析此处是说老师相信了Glanz的理由，就没有再检查她的书，所以选择
33、checking。15A.went over Btook downCreplied to Dsearched for答案A解析根据上文老师认为作业可能太难了和下文学生们抄写，推断老师在黑板上复习了每一道题。go over意为“复习”。16A.theories BproblemsCdesigns Dmethods答案B解析problems符合语境，与前面的each question呼应。17A.collected BprovidedCfound Dcovered答案D解析上文告诉我们老师把每一道题都复习了，因此选择covered，意思是说老师已经把所有的材料都讲到了。18A.learned Bj
34、udgedCconsidered Dtested答案A解析根据上文老师在黑板上把每一道题都复习了，学生们都抄了一遍，和下文作者对此事的表态，推知作者质疑在这种方式下学生们能否学到知识。19A.pleasing BamazingCcommon Dfunny答案C解析根据下文许多课上学生们都不做作业，抄袭别人的，或者是等老师讲完答案后他们才完成，可知这样的事情很普遍。20A.persuaded BinfluencedCcheated Dfrightened答案B解析根据上文Glanz和同学们都没做作业，老师认为作业可能太难了，于是在黑板上复习了每一道题，可知实际上是学生们的行为操纵了老师来替他们完
35、成作业，因此选择influenced，意为“支配，左右”。.书面表达可持续发展已成为全球共识，如何实现可持续发展是摆在世人面前的重大课题。请就下面表格所提供的内容进行陈述并谈谈你的看法。目前的状况自然资源日趋减少，环境问题依然严重，人们的环保意识淡薄，贫富差距越来越大。已采取的做法1.制定了相关的法律法规；2投入大量资金改善环境；3对民众进行教育；4加强了国际间相互合作。你的看法注意：1.不要逐条翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2词数150左右。参考词汇：差距gap；相关的法律relevant laws 参考范文The idea of sustainable development has
36、 been accepted by the world.How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet.The present situation is worrying.First，natural resources are becoming less than before.Second，as some people are not aware of the importance of the environmental protection，the problems with it remain
37、 extremely serious to some degree.The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider and wider.To our great joy，many countries have taken action.On one hand，they have made relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the environmental protection.On the other ha
38、nd，popularized education as well as international cooperation is being carried out.As for myself，I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable development，because we have only one home.【广东省深圳市2014高考英语第一次调研考试】读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。By JesseWhat a bad day today
39、! Tom suddenly fell ill and was sent to hospital by my neighbors. The doctor said he has been suffering lung cancer and his life is in danger! Everybody was shocked and felt a pity for this good man.Tom, who is a famous writer about 40 years old, lives just next door. He is kind and worm-hearted and
40、 always ready to give a helping hand to others when in need, so he enjoys great popularity in our neighborhood. He often came to my house to tell me how to write stories and encourage me with his own experience. He told me he was born in a poor family. As a little boy, he had a dream to become a fam
41、ous writer. He overcame thousands of difficulties to have entered a university. After graduation, he began to publish story books, and up till now, he is very famous around the country. Unfortunately, when he was young, he just got into the habit of smoking and became a heavy smoker, which has ended
42、 up as an invisible killer of his health. 【写作内容】1以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2以约120个词就“Health and Cause”为题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：（1）邻居们为汤姆感到惋惜的原因是什么？（2）你从汤姆身上学到了什么?（3）你对身体健康与事业的看法。【写作要求】1作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不能直接引用原文中的句子。2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。【参考范文】读写任务（共1小题，满分25分） Health and CauseTom, a k
43、ind and hardworking professional writer, suddenly fell ill, and was suffering from lung cancer due to the bad habit of smoking, which shocked his neighbors and made them feel sorry.All the neighbors felt it a pity for Tom because he is really a promising writer. He is so young and maybe it is just t
44、he beginning of his great career. Moreover, his great personality has gained their sincere respect. Unfortunately, the deadly cancer will stop him from his work. Tom has always been my good model, because he is so nice and outstanding in his career, but life was not easy for him on the way to being
45、a successful writer. His strong will has helped him to have overcome so many setbacks to realize his dream, and this is what I should learn from him.From Toms story, we understand better that physical health and career are both important. Anyway, health should come first, without which we can achiev
46、e nothing. But if a man is just strong in body but has no ambitions for career, his life will become aimless and worthless. Therefore, we should have the right attitude towards career and health.写作评分标准第二节：读写任务一、评分原则1、本试题总分为25分，分两部分给分 短文概括5分 主题写作 20分。2、强调内容健康，观点鲜明，说服力强，表述清晰。可参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。3
47、、评分时，选根据文章语言的规范、内容的合适及篇章的连贯性初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。4、语言规范：拼写与标点符号是语言规范的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5、如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。二、内容要点1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2. 以约120个词就“Health and Cause”为题谈谈你的想法，内容包括： 1）邻居们为汤姆感到惋惜的原因是什么？ 2）你从汤姆身上学到了什么？ 3）你对身体健康与事业的看法。 3、写作要求： 归纳完整，表述清晰。 观点鲜明，说服力强。三、各
48、档次的给分范围和要求：读写任务的评分标准项目分值评分标准概括5按照要求概括了原文的全部主要信息，没有增加与原文无关的信息，没有照抄原文的句子。语言结构正确，行文规范。4基本按照要求概括了原文的主要信息，没有增加与原文无关的信息，没有照抄原文的句子。语言结构正确，行文规范。3基本按照要求概括了原文的主要信息，但包含一些不相关的信息，有个别句子抄自原文。语言结构基本正确，行文比较规范。2不能按照要求概括原文的主要信息，包含较多不相关的信息，有较多的抄袭。语言结构不够准确，行文不够规范。0-1没有按照要求概括原文的主要信息，基本是不相关的信息，大多数句子都抄自原文。语言结构不准确，行文不规范。写作1
49、8-20包含题目所给全部或绝大部分的内容要点。主题明确，内容丰富。词汇丰富，用词得当。能有效运用合适语言结构，而且没有（或极少）语法错误。篇章结构的连贯性好。14-17包含题目所给全部或绝大部分的内容要点。主题明确，个别内容不准确或不相关。词汇较丰富，有个别用词错误。较好地运用了合适的语言结构，有少许语法错误。篇章结构的连贯性较好。11-13包含题目所给全部或绝大部分的内容要点。主题比较明确，个别内容不准确或者不相关。词汇较丰富，有个别用词错误。较好地运用了合适的语言结构，有少许语法错误。篇章结构的连贯性较好。7-10包含题目所给的部分内容要点。主题基本明确，有些内容不准确或者不相关。词汇有限，有较多的用词错误。语言结构出现较多的语法错误。篇章结构的连贯性一般。4-6只包含题目所给的个别内容要点。多数内容不相关或者不准确。文章有些地方照抄源文。词汇贫乏，有较多的用词错误。大多数的句子出现语法错误。篇章结构的连贯性差。1-3只包含与题目所给要点内容有关的一些单词。主题不明确，文章基本照抄原文。词汇极其贫乏，基本不能正确用词。几乎没有正确的句子。篇章结构零乱。0以下几种情况，给0分：1）完全抄袭原文（或其它文章）2）文不对题3）只写一些零散的单词，完全没有表达完整的内容