1、高二Unit 15 Destinations单元测试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。 1. Which place hasnt Sara been to? A. New York. B. Beijing. C. Tokyo.2. What marks did Linda get in her exam? A. 90. B. 98. C. 95.3. How much is the red bag? A. 6 dollars. B. 4 dollars. C. 5 dollars.4. Why does th
2、e woman think the book good? A. It solves many problems about study. B. Many of them are also reading it. C. It helps them a lot when they study.5. What does the man mean? A. He is sitting on the chair. B. The chairs are not free. C. The chairs are broken.第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
3、请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6. When will the man come back? A. On Nov. 5th. B. On Nov. l6th. C. On Nov. 21st.7. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Take some aspirin and keep warm. B. Go to the places she used to go. C. Take some clothing for cold weather.8. Why is the man so excited? A. He likes the w
4、eather there. B. It is his first time to go abroad. C. It is his first time to go for a trip.请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9. Who was interviewed by Jay Leno? A. Julia Roberts. B. Brad Pitt. C. Matt Damon.10. How much does the woman know about the film? A. Quite a lot. B. Only a little. C. Nothing at all.11. Wha
5、t does the woman like about the film? A. One of her favorite actresses. B. A few famous actors in it. C. The films plot. 请听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12. Why wouldnt the woman live in India? A. She would miss her family. B. She doesnt like the place. C. She has no friends there. 13. What is the only thing the
6、man will be worried about if he moves to India? A. His dog. B. The language. C. His family. 14. What do you think of the man? A. He is brave. B. He is confident. C. He is friendly.请听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15. What are the two speakers talking about? A. A trip to Sydney. B. A trip to Hawaii. C. Where to spe
7、nd their Christmas holidays. 16. Who will the man stay with for his Christmas holidays? A. His parents. B. A host family. C. His friends.17. What is the woman eager to do? A. Travel by plane. B. Enjoy the warm weather. C. See the koalas.请听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What are the two speakers talking about?
8、 A. Children in England. B. The population in England. C. The education in England. 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the conversation? A. Boys and girls can study together at the same school. B. English children start school at seven. C. Students have to stay at univers
9、ity for 3 or 4 years.20. What exams must the students take before they go to university? A. “O” level. B. “A” level. C. “O” level and “A” level.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21. I do every single bit of housework while my husband Bob just does the dish
10、es _. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. little by little 22. _ he come, the problem would be settled. A. If B. Shall C. Should D. Would23. _ good, the food was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. Having Tasted24. _, but the noise is really disturbing. I cant sleep. I
11、m sorry. I didnt know you would mind. A. I hate to say this B. Id like to say this C. You seem to be upset D. I beg your pardon25. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known26. I would like to trav
12、el by train because I can catch a _ of something from the window of it. A. glimpse B. sight C. hold D. sense27. It was _ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played28. We cant _ that the trains can
13、arrive on time in foggy weather. A. make B. prepare C. guarantee D. arrange29. My parents suggested I should _ regularly to keep fit. A. give out B. turn out C. come out D. work out30. The couple looked at the score their son had got in the exam, _. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. disappointedly
14、 D. disappointingly31. The thief must have hidden somewhere in the _ area. A. bending B. following C. surrounded D. surrounding32. The hotel is really large and it has a(n) _ for a thousand people. A. circulation B. accommodation C. container D. collection33. They earn a great deal, but they cant ba
15、lance their _ because the wife is often ill. A. plan B. budget C. project D. prediction34. Tears were in Mothers eyes and she was _ about Father _ for Iraq. A. upset; leaving B. upsetting; leaving C. upset; would leave D. upsetting; would leave 35. Excuse me, manager, _ could you do something about
16、the service in your restaurant? A. yet B. and C. so D. but 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Two weeks before Christmas, Mother told me we were going to my grandmothers house for the holiday. Grandma and Uncle Henry lived on a farm some 15 miles out of tow
17、n. They had no electricity or running water and 36 what I considered the “good things” in life. They 37 made no plans for Christmas. When Christmas Eve arrived, Mom told me in her best “I-mean-it” voice to 38 all the decorations from our tree. She packed those up, along with all the trimmings(装饰物) f
18、or a complete turkey 39.Christmas morning 40 perfectly, with the sun shining brightly across a fresh blanket of snow. 41 I sulked(生气) silently in the backseat of the car as we made our 42 to grandmas. This was going to be the 43 Christmas ever! Grandma was 44 to see us as we walked up to her door. “
19、What on earth are you doing here?” She stammered. “We werent expecting 45. Its Christmas, and I dont even have a turkey to 46 for you.” “I knew that,” Mom said as we set boxes of goodies on the kitchen table. “Thats 47 we brought one with us.” “We must have a 48,” Mom insisted. “ 49, what will we do
20、 with all these decorations?” Uncle Henry quickly caught Moms spirit. He called me to join him, and we 50 a perfect Christmas tree in the woods. Soon the 51 smelled fresh and piney as we decorated the tree, and the day 52 a festive air. The turkey dinner was very good, too. I was actually beginning
21、to enjoy this unusual Christmas day!Dessert was forgotten 53 Mom came out with the final surprisea flaming pudding! “Merry Christmas, Mother,” Mom said. “Dear me!” Grandma gasped. “I havent seen a flaming pudding since I left England before I was married.” Tears of 54 filled her eyes.I could not kee
22、p the tears rolling 55 my eyes, either. I knew then that Mom had also given me the best Christmas present evershe had taught me what a beautiful thing it is to give.36. A. prepared B. lacked C. refused D. desired37. A. also B. still C. never D. hardly38. A. replace B. collect C. remove D. show39. A.
23、 lunch B. dinner C. evening D. supper40. A. dawned B. passed C. broke D. happened41. A. But B. So C. And D. Then42. A. decisionB. way C. wish D. plan43. A. last B. busiest C. best D. worst44. A. expected B. eager C. surprised D. ready45. A. anyone B. others C. someone D. no one46. A. give B. care C.
24、 cook D. wait47. A. how B. why C. where D. what48. A. pudding B. box C. turkey D. tree49. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise50. A. found B. accepted C. received D. searched51. A. flower B. house C. family D. day52. A. showed up B. carried on C. took on D. lighted up53. A. until B. aft
25、er C. because D. unless54. A. sadness B. joy C. regret D. worry55. A. inside B. back C. into D. from第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。A When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cant see perfectly that we come to see how importan
26、t our eyes are.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing, reading and sewing, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly. People who are farsighted suffer fr
27、om just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arms length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly in the right shape. This,
28、too, can be corrected by glasses. Some peoples eyes become cloudy because of cataracts(白内障). Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.When night falls, colors become fainter to the eye and finally disappear. After your eyes ha
29、ve grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the sides of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the t
30、hing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they cant see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight,
31、 is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.56. We dont know that our eyes are of great importance until _. A. we think about our eyes B. we cant see clearly C. we wear glasses D. we have to do much reading57. According to the passage, who is more likely to be nearsighted? A. A tailor. B
32、. A doctor. C. A guard. D. A painter.58. People who are farsighted _. A. cant do a lot of close work without glasses B. can only see things that are very close to their eyes C. have difficulty in reading a book if they hold it at arms length D. have the same problem as the nearsighted people59. To s
33、ee a small thing at night, it is better to look _. A. with wide open eyes B. with half-shut or narrowed eyes C. straight at it D. at it indirectlyBA sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment? As early as next ye
34、ar it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in a garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.A biodegradable(生物所能分解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage consumers
35、to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic and can be hard or soft, and is able to change shape. Over time it can also break down into the soil without giving out any poisonous chemicals. British researchers used the new material
36、to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it forms fertilizers. These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small transparent(透明的) window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thro
37、wn away. “Weve only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time,” said one scientist.As phone technology is developing so quickly, people are constantly throwing their mobiles aw
38、ay. This means manufacturers(制造商) are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some rel
39、ief(缓解) for nature, according to the scientists.“The seed comes out and the flower grows in the pot so you dont have to concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it,” said Kerry Kirwan. She leads the research team, which is based at the University of Warwick in Britain.60. What is
40、 the purpose of this passage? A. To tell the popularity of biodegradable cellphones. B. To persuade the reader to buy the biodegradable cellphone. C. To discuss the development of phone technology. D. To introduce an environmentally friendly cellphone to readers.61. People throw away their cellphone
41、s most probably because _. A. there is something wrong with them B. no sunflowers can grow out of them C. they are out of fashion D. they are becoming cheaper and cheaper62. It could be learned from the passage that _. A. developing the new type of phone is mainly to protect the environment B. phone
42、-makers will benefit much more from the new type of phone C. the new type of phone will certainly be popular with users all over the world D. the phones that can be recycled are available only in Britain now63. What might be the most suitable title for this passage? A. Sunflower and Phone B. Plant Y
43、our Phone C. Protect Our Environment D. No Worry about PhoneCReutersDennis Tseng is a Web surfer who loves to hang out in Taipeis upmarket Hsinyi district, where wireless Internet access is freely available to all.Whether hes waiting outside a department store for his wife to finish shopping or enjo
44、ying a lazy Sunday afternoon at an outdoor cafe, Tseng will take out his electronic organizer to check his e-mail, make a doctors appointment or review movie listings.Its the love of this kind of connectivity that is driving Taipei city planners to build what they say will be the worlds biggest Wi-F
45、i network, making cheap, wireless Internet access available almost everywhere in Taipei.“This will be a very ambitious venture for Taipei city because as far as we know, this is the only city that has tried to have a city-wide coverage of wireless service,” Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou told Reuters.Whi
46、le wireless connections are available in many homes, businesses and cafes around the world, Taipeis CyberCity project aims to make Wi-Fi present everywhere outdoors.“New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia and Jerusalem are among cities with similar ambitions and about a quarter of Amsterdam is alread
47、y connected. But Taipeis network is likely to be the worlds largest,” said Robin Simpson, an Australia-based research director for Gartner Asia Pacific.The Wi-Fi access points that will link computers to the Web in Taipei will be attached to traffic and street lights, creating a network that will co
48、ver 90 percent of the city by the end of 2005.64. By mentioning Dennis Tseng, the author wants to tell us _. A. Tseng is addicted to the Internet B. people in Taipei mainly communicate by the Internet C. using the Internet is convenient in Taipei D. surfing the Internet in Taipei is free65. The unde
49、rlined word “venture” in Paragraph 4 means “_”. A. project B. study C. paint D. title66. It can be inferred that _. A. New York will take the lead in popularizing the Internet in the whole city B. Amsterdam can match Taipei in building Wi-Fi network C. Taipei is not satisfied to just develop users i
50、ndoors D. anyone can benefit from Wi-Fi network in Taipei67. The best title for the passage is _. A. Surfing outside Becomes True B. Taipei Welcomes High Technique C. Follow the Steps of Taipei D. Taipei Gets Worlds Largest Wi-Fi NetworkDCar Hire Hiring a self-drive car really adds to the enjoyment
51、of your holiday. There are so many places of interest to visit, and if you enjoy seeing more than just the city center, theres no better way to explore than by car.Hire Charges What are included a) Unlimited mileage (英里数). b) Expenses on oil, maintenance (保养) and repairs, which will be repaid on pro
52、duction of invoices(发票). c) Full insurance (保险) except personal accident ( see below ) and contents. What are not included a) Personal accident insurance. b) Garaging, petrol, parking and traffic fines.Conditions of Hire The shortest rental period at these special low prices is three days. For price
53、s for periods of one or two days you only see our representative at the hotel. Car hire must be booked six weeks or more before arrival in London to guarantee a car. But if you have been unable to make a booking in advance, please see our representative at the hotel who may still be able to help you
54、. The car types on the sheet are examples of the types of cars in each price range, but a particular car cannot be guaranteed. Upon delivery the driver(s) will be asked to sign the car hire companys Conditions of Hire. If you decide to hire a car, just fill in the Booking Form and return it to us. A
55、 booking fee of 12 as part of the car hire cost is required. Should you be forced to cancel (取消) your car hire booking after payment in full (two weeks before date of hire) , a cancellation charge of 12 will be made.68. From the advertisement we can see a car hirer will pay _. A. insurance against d
56、amage to the car B. insurance against injury to the driver C. the cost of maintenance of the car D. the cost of repairs to the car69. Which of the following is NOT true according to the advertisement? A. You have to pay parking fine yourself. B. The company cant provide all kinds of cars you need. C
57、. When you hire a car from the company, a driver will go together with you. D. You have to pay a booking fee when you hire a car from the company.70. If car hirers change their minds after paying the whole cost of hiring, the 12 booking fee is _. A. partly returned B. double paid C. not returned at
58、all D. returned within six weeks71. The prices for car hire are especially low when _. A. it is booked for at least three days B. it is booked two weeks in advance C. it is booked for two days D. the booking is made in LondonEA spirit of adventure, curiosity about different cultures and the desire f
59、or a challenge can be found in young people everywhere. More and more students in China are backpacking around the country. According to the China Youth Travel Service, Hainan, Dalian, Zhangjiajie and Qingdao were among the most popular spots for young Chinese backpackers last year. Backpacking allo
60、ws the traveller a greater sense of independence. “I can no longer put up with the instructions of a tourist guide,” said Huang Ye, a 19-year-old college student in Beijing. “They are always driving you to places that you do not want to go to and trying to make you buy local souvenirs.” Huang likes
61、to travel as a backpacker. She prefers an independent trip that she took with two friends to Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan Province. There, they chose some scenic spots to visit and avoided the masses of (大量的) tourists. Backpackers see the difficulties of such travel as a challenge. Living on bread and wate
62、r for days on end, wearing the same clothes over and over again and carrying a heavy bag on their backs while climbing a mountain are all character-building experiences.But perhaps the greatest challenge that a backpacker faces is not a physical one, but mental. They may face loneliness if they trav
63、el alone. Chen Xuewei, 21, suffered when he took off around China last year.“I felt very lonely at the beginning of my journey. A walkman didnt make me feel better, but rather heightened the sense of loneliness I felt. I even called up my friends to tell them that I wanted to give up and go back to
64、Beijing,” he recalled. But he kept going. He started to make friends and appreciate the local customs. He took lots of photos to record his trip and now he is glad he stuck it out. Backpackers generally find themselves to be mature after their experiences. “Their travel logs (旅行日志) track their devel
65、opment as people.” “When I feel frustrated, I read my travel log again,” said Tang Weifeng, a postgraduate at Peking University. “By reading it, I get a sense that I am better off now than I was when I wrote those words by the light of a torch in a hot tent.”72. Which of the following is NOT mention
66、ed as one of the advantages of backpacking according to the story? A. It builds up your character. B. Through the experience, you learn to live in a tent. C. Through the experience, you learn to rely on yourself. D. Through the experience, you learn to cope with loneliness.73. What do you need most
67、to stick a backpacking trip out, according to Chen Xueweis experience? A. A walkman. B. Making new friends. C. Taking lots of photos. D. The determination to do so.74. What does the underlined word “frustrated” in the last paragraph mean? A. Disappointed. B. Happy. C. Tired. D. Excited.75. What is t
68、he story mainly about? A. Some backpackers experiences. B. The advantages of backpacking. C. Young peoples love of backpacking. D. The increasing popularity of backpacking among Chinese students and its reasons.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节:短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Dear Mr and Mrs Chen，I am writing to tell yo
69、u aboutyour son. Recently we have been rather worried him.76. _He suddenly told his teacher what he did not 77. _want to sit near his friend William. His teacher 78. _was surprised and allow him to move. The next 79. _week when asking to hand in his homework, 80. _he said he was very bored with alwa
70、ys write the 81. _same way. And then he painted his face blue color. 82. _I wonder if he is behaving strange at home. I 83. _think it would be good idea if you could come 84. _to school to discuss it with me sometimes this week. 85. _ Yours sincerely, Agnes Chow第二节：书面表达（满分25分）根据上图,请以“Three Ways of C
71、ommunication”为题，写一篇120词左右的短文，要求写出每一种方式的好处。Unit 15 单元测试题听力材料及参考答案听力材料：(Text 1) M: Sara, where have you been recently?W: Weve been to Paris, Beijing and Tokyo.(Text 2) W: I got 90 in my math exam.M: I got 95, but Linda was the best in my class. She got 98.(Text 3) M: This bag is $2.00 and the blue one
72、 is a dollar more expensive.W: I see. And the red one is twice as expensive as the blue one.(Text 4) M: How about the book you are reading?W: Good indeed. It covers many problems we have come across in our study.(Text 5) W: We want to sit on the chairs by the window.M: Im sorry, but they have been t
73、aken.(Text 6) W: Have you got everything ready for your trip to Canada? You must be quite excited about it. When will you leave?M: Next Tuesday, November 16th. Ill stay there for five days. And I am so excited! You know, Ive never been abroad before.W: Youd better take something to keep warm. The we
74、ather there is not what you are used to.M: Thank you for your advice. I will.W: Enjoy your trip.M: Thanks. Ill call you when I come back and tell you what I see up there.W: Good. Im looking forward to that.(Text 7) M: Did you watch Jay Lenos talk show last night?W: Uh, who was on it?M: Matt Damon. H
75、es in that new movie.W: Oh, that movie looks sweet. Arent there six big-name actors in it?M: I dont know how many. Theres Julia Roberts, George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon. Who else?W: I dont know, but its definitely the only movie of its kind.M: Do you know what the story is about?W: I think the
76、yre in Vegas, and a crowd of good-looking young men who are. Are they trying to rob a bank?M: I think theyre trying to rob a jewelry store. Thats what he was talking about last night, but I, I wasnt really paying attention so I didnt understand.W: Well, I dont really care. I just want to go and see
77、all those stars on one screen.(Text 8) M: I hear Maggie is going to work in India. W: India! Wow! I hear its a beautiful place, but I dont think I could ever live there.M: Why not?W: Well, its too far from home. Id miss my family.M: I dont think Id mind moving to a foreign country. The language is t
78、he only thing that Id be worried about. W: Yeah, but wouldnt you miss your friends?M: Sure, for a while, but Id make new ones. W: You certainly sound very confident. M: You know, actually, there is one thing Id miss. W: Whats that?M: My dog!(Text 9) M: Are you going on a trip abroad for the Christma
79、s holidays?W: Yes, Im going to Sydney, Australia for my winter holidays. Where are you going?M: Im flying to Hawaii. W: Are you traveling by yourself?M: Well, yes, but Im going to meet my parents in Hawaii for the Christmas holidays. W: Im flying alone, too. But Im going to stay with a host family d
80、uring my stay in Sydney. Ill meet them at the airport. M: That sounds very exciting. Im sure youll have a wonderful experience. W: I think so, too. I cant wait to see the koalas. I really love animals. M: Well, have a safe trip! Enjoy the warm weather. W: Thanks. And the same to you. (Text 10) M: Ma
81、y I ask you some questions?W: What do you want to know about?M: Something about the education in England. W: OK. Its a pleasure. M: At what age do children start school in England?W: At five. M: Do boys and girls go to school together?W: Yes, they do. M: Do you think this is a good idea?W: Yes, I do
82、. M: What exams do children take first when they go to university?W: “O” level and “A” level first. M: How long do they usually stay at university?W: Three or four years. M: Thank you for telling me so much. W: Youre welcome.参考答案： 1-5 ABACB 6-10 CCBCB 11-15 BABBC 16-20 ACCBC 21-25 ACCAA 26-30 ABCDA3
83、1-35 DBBAD 36-40 BACBA 41-45 ABDCA 46-50 CBDDA 51-55 BCABD 56-60 BAADD61-65 CABCA 66-70 CDBCC 71-75 ABDAD76. him前加about 77. what that或去掉what 78. 79. allow allowed 80. asking asked 81. write writing 82. 去掉color 83. strange strangely84. be后加a 85. sometimes sometimeOne possible version: As we all know,
84、 communication has been playing an important part in peoples life. There are many ways of communication, of which mail, telephones and computers are most commonly used. Writing letters for communication has been practised for centuries. Slow as the mail is, it is the cheapest means of communication.
85、 The second way of communication is to make telephone calls. By telephone, people use sound to communicate with each other. With the development of modern science and technology, communication by computer is becoming popular. Its fast and easy. By computer, people can send e-mail or chat to each oth
86、er on the Internet. In a word, mail, telephones and computers all help to bring people all over the world closer.单元知识点巩固I. 从下面所给的单词中选择一个意思相同或相近的单词替换句中划线的单词（有多余选项）：avenue, breath-taking, dip, experienced, friendliness, guarantee, itch, rate, surroundings, inexpensive1. I had thought the meal was chea
87、p，but it turned out to be very expensive. 2. Go along this street till to the traffic lights and turn left, then you can find the museum. 3. Today many young people long for traveling in space. 4. He sold the house at a high price.5. These seasoned sailors have dealt with the storms on voyages. 6. I
88、n the hot days, we often took a swim in the lake nearby during the childhood. 7. When we returned to the village again，it reminded us of the villagers kindness. 8. We can ensure that the work shall be done at the right time.用方框里所给词或词组的适当形式填空。（每个词或词组限用一次） cool off, work out, every now and then, downh
89、ill, a variety of, commercial, get tired of, at an altitude of1. At last, I _ working all day. 2. Their friendship _ when Jack gave up football. 3. A _ college teaches things that would be useful in business. 4. We must _ a better method of saving time. 5. There will be a _ race next Sunday. 6. When
90、 I am free, I like to visit art galleries _. 7. The plane flew _ 20,000 meters. 8. He is always late for school for _ reasons.Key: I. 1. inexpensive 2. avenue 3. itch 4. rate 5. experienced 6. dip 7. friendliness 8. guarantee . 1. got tired of 2. cooled off 3. commercial 4. work out 5. downhill 6. every now and then 7. at an altitude of 8. a variety of