1、Unit 10Money语法剖析活用部分代词的用法和区别some,any和no的用法:这三个词都是不定代词,之所以叫不定代词,是因为往往不清楚其所指的是谁或什么。这三个词的使用环境简要归纳如下:1.some1)修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词,意为“几个,一些”。如:Give me some water,and I have some questions to ask.给我些水,我有几个问题要问。2)修饰单数可数名词,意为“某个”。如:He is visiting some old painter at some place.他正在某个地方拜访某位老画家。3)一般用于肯定句,但也可以用于表示“请求
2、”“建议”或希望得到肯定回答的问句中。如:Will you get me some milk?给我拿些牛奶好吗?4)可以修饰数词,意思相当于about,表示“大约”。如:It happened some twenty years ago.这事发生在大约20前。2.any1)修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词,意为“一些”,用于否定句和疑问句。如:Is there any money in the drawer?抽屉里有钱吗?2)有时修饰单数可数名词。如:Do you know any good doctor?你认识什么好大夫吗?Do you have any question?有什么问题吗?3)用于
3、if 或whether引导的宾语从句中。如:I wonder whether you have met any of these people before.我不知道你以前是否见过这些人。4)用于条件句。如:Let me know if you have any trouble.有麻烦一定要告诉我。5)也可以用于肯定句,意为“任何的”。如:Any time you want me,just send for me.什么时候需要我,就给我捎个信儿。3.no只有形容词性质,作定语。可修饰单数、复数的可数名词以及不可数名词,意为“没有,不是”。1)用于there be,have之后,相当于not a
4、ny。如:There are no letters for you today.今天没有你的信。(=There are not any letters for you.)2)用于系动词后,相当于not a,但语气强烈,意为“根本不,也不可能”。如:The girl is no fool.这姑娘才不傻呢。3)用于警示语。如:No smoking!不许吸烟!No parking!禁止停车!a lot of,many和much的用法:1.a lot of 既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词,可以变形为lots of;many只修饰可数名词复数;much只修饰不可数名词。2.many 和mu
5、ch更常用于否定句和疑问句,或是whether或if引导的宾语从句中。只有在many 和much作主语时,或是很正式的英语中才见到它们用于肯定句。如:Did you have much rain of your holiday?你休假时雨下得多吗?I doubt whether therell be much time for seeing the sights.The train leaves at six.我怀疑能否会有很多时间去观光,火车六点就开了。Much has been done to solve the problem.解决这个问题的很多事情已经完成了。3.在日常英语中,使用a
6、lot of或lots of来代替它们用于肯定句中,表达“许多”的概念。如:Theres still a lot of work to do.仍旧有许多工作要做。all和none的用法:1.all指三者或三者以上的人或物。作代词时,可以与of一起用;也可以不带of,既可接可数名词,也可接不可数名词。如:All (of)the boys want to become football players.所有男孩子都想当足球运动员。All (of)that money you gave them has been spent.你给他们的那些钱都花光了。2.all相当于名词时,指人,意为“大家”,复数
7、含义,谓语动词要用复数;指物,单数含义,谓语动词要用单数。如:All are welcome.所有的人都受欢迎。All is here and nothing is lost.所有东西在,什么都没丢。3.none 是all的否定词,否定三者或三者以上的人或物。谓语动词既可以是单数,也可以是复数。如:None of the students are interested in the book.学生们都不喜欢这本书。None of the books was sold.这些书一本都没卖出去。both和neither的用法:1.both指“两者都”,既可指人,也可指物,表示复数含义,但只能指两个。
8、如:I dont know which book is better;Ill read both.我不知道哪一本书好,我两本都读。both常和of连用,接复数名词或代词。接复数名词时of常省略,接复数代词时不能省略of。如:Both (of)the films were very good.两部电影都很好。She invited both of us to the party.她邀请我们两个参加聚会。both还可以用作同位语,位于主语之后,谓语动词之前。They both accepted the invitation.他俩都接受了邀请。2.neither是both的否定词,同样是指两者,译成
9、“两者都不”。谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如:I took neither,because I couldnt decide which one was better.因为我不能决定哪部电影更好所以我一部也没看。Neither of the film is/are interesting.两部电影都没意思。another,other和the other的用法:1.another指许多中的“又一个,另一个”,接可数名词单数;the other指两者中的另一个;other须接复数名词,意为“其他的”,other+名词的复数形式=others。如:I have two favorite pen
10、cil boxes;one is red,and the other is blue.我有两个最喜爱的铅笔盒,一个是红色的,另一个是蓝色的。Im not satisfied with these boxes;will you show me another one?我对这些盒子都不满意,能再给我一个吗?He is taller than other students,but others are stronger than him.他比其他学生高,但是他们比他壮。2.some和others常常一起用,如:Some apples are rotten and others arent.有些苹果烂
11、了,其他的还好。3.表达“再多些”,用another和other是不同的,如:I need another three chairs for the guests.我需要再来三把椅子给这些客人。I need three other chairs for the guests.我需要另外的三把椅子给客人。动词不定式动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语。下面依次举出例子:用法例句主语It is hard to finish the work ahead of time.这工作很难提前完成。宾语My purpose is to make
12、you happy,not angry.我的目的是让你快乐,而不是让你生气。表语He planed to fly to the city,but now,it seems impossible.他本来打算坐飞机去那个城市,但是现在看来不可能了。定语I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上我无话可说。同位语He gave the order to start the attack.他发出了开始进攻的命令。状语I stayed there to see what would happen.我留在那儿看看会发生什么事。补语They all felt
13、the plan to be unwise.他们都觉得那个计划是不明智的。注意:不定式结构作定语时,要放在被修饰语的后面作后置定语。它与被修饰语之间可以是主谓关系,也可以是动宾关系。如:The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列进站的火车是从纽约开来的。(主谓关系)He has too many things to do.他有太多的事要做。(动宾关系)要特别注意的是,动宾关系时,不定式中的动词若是不及物的,要记得加介词。如:Give me some paper to write on and a pen to write with.给我一些写字
14、用的纸和笔。疑问词接不定式的形式:He asked me where he could find a dictionary.他问我哪儿能找到本字典。这个句子中有一个作宾语的名词性从句,而且从句中的主语和主句的主语是同一个,这样的话,就可以将其简化为He asked me where to find a dictionary.更多的例子:I wonder what to do with the polluted pool.我不知道该拿被污染了的水池怎么办。How to steal into the house without being seen seems a hard problem for
15、 me.怎样溜进房子而不被发现看来对我是个难题。不定式的否定形式是在to前加not:I closed the window in order not to let the smelly smoke in.我关了窗子,不让难闻的烟飘进来。【活学活用】33.单项填空1)Few pleasures can equal_of a cool drink on a hot day.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those2)(北京,24)Which driver was to blame?Why, _!It was the childs fault,clear and simple.He sudd
16、enly came out between two parked cars.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.neither3)(福建,22)Would you like_,sir?No,thanks.I have had much.A.some more orangesB.any more orangesC.some more orangeD.any more orange4)(全国,25)We havent enough books for_;some of you will have to share.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody
17、5)(上海,26)No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_.A.others B.the otherC.either D.another6)Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid_day is possible.A.neitherB.bothC.someD.any7)If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15.A.anotherB.oth
18、erC.the otherD.more8)It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.A.it what to do withB.what to do it with C.what to do with itD.to do what with it 9)Whats the matter with you?_the window,my finger was cut unexpectedly.A.CleaningB.To cleanC.While cleaningD.While I was cleani
19、ng10)I dont think_possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it答案与解析:1)C从句意来看,要替代的是前面的名词pleasures,因此应该用those,但由于后面的a cool drink对此有所限制,即大热天喝上一份冷饮不会有几个pleasures,所以只能用that来替代。2)Dneither意为“(两者)都不”。根据所提供的情景“It was the childs fault,clear and simple.”可判断出两个司机都不应该受到责备,
20、因为是孩子的过错。both表示“(两者)都”,两个司机都应受到责备,与所提供的情景矛盾。either意为“两者之一的;(两者之中)随便哪一个的;两者中任何一方的”,其意思是两个司机中的任何一个都应受到责备。each意为“每一个”,表示多于两个,与下文中的two parked cars矛盾。3)C从下文中的已知条件“much”可知上文中要的不是橘子,而是橘子汁。另外Would you like.?句型表示建议,应该用some。4)C否定句用anybody,肯定句要用somebody。再结合句意“你们中的一些人要共享”,可推断并不是每一个人都有,是部分否定,所以应该用everybody。5)Bne
21、ither表示“两者都不”,重点提示是两者,所以后面的空必须围绕两者考虑。两个去掉一个自然只剩下一个了,所以选择 the other。6)A本题考查不定代词的正确使用。句意为“星期一和星期二你哪天能来?”“恐怕都不行。”表示两者都不可以,用neither。any表示“任何一个”,通常指三者及以上的事物,而且没有限定。7)A本题考查不定代词的用法。根据句意“要是你想换成双人房间,得多交15 美元”。这15美元是“另外多出来的”,而且在名词短语前面,用another。other和more在这方面的用法是一样的,都是放在名词短语之间。如: another 5 days,5 more days,5 other days。8)C本题考查“疑问词不定式”和do with的用法。句意为“据说在澳大利亚,土地多得政府都不知道该怎么办”。句中疑问代词what引导know的宾语从句,what要作连接词,须置于最前面,后面紧跟to不定式。what to do with it结构中,what作do的宾语,it是with的宾语,所以答案是C项。9)D句意为“你怎么了?”“刚才擦玻璃的时候,手指割伤了。”clean的逻辑主语不是my finger,故不能用现在分词或不定式作状语,而应使用状语从句。10)D句意为“我想不下工夫记忆,不可能掌握一门语言”。不定式短语为真正的宾语,it作形式宾语,应选D项。