1、高考冲刺卷(一)第一部分听力(略)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21.The boy finally realized that lack of willpower was the of his poor academic performance.A.symptom B.resultC.reflection D.source答案D解析句意为：那个男孩最终意识到缺乏意志力是他学习成绩不好的根源。source根源，原因，符合语境。symptom症状；result结
2、果；reflection反映。22.Due to the pressure from the public，the police decided to conduct a thorough and review of the case.A.comprehensive B.complicatedC.conscious D.constructive答案A解析句意为：由于公众的压力，警方决定对这起案件进行一次彻底、全面的审查。comprehensive详尽的，全面的，符合语境。complicated复杂的；conscious有意识的；constructive建设性的。23.A shared-use
3、path for cycling and walking along the Yangtze River opened to the public on Dec.9, 2018，attracting hundreds of cyclists and walkers winter cold.A.in case of B.in defense of C.in spite of D.in view of答案C解析句意为：长江沿岸的骑行和散步共用道路于2018年12月9日向公众开放，尽管冬天天气寒冷，仍吸引了数百名骑自行车的人和步行者。in spite of尽管，不管，符合语境。in case of如
4、果，假使；in defense of保卫，防御；in view of鉴于，由于。24.When the telephone rang，I hesitated for a moment, whether to answer it.A.determining B.concluding C.questioning D.debating答案D解析句意为：当电话响的时候，我迟疑片刻，考虑是否接听。debate仔细考虑，思考，符合语境。determine决定；conclude推断出；question质询。25.According to the present law，under no circumstan
5、ces shall those breaking the traffic regulations be lightly.A.set off B.let offC.turned off D.paid off答案B解析 句意为：根据目前的法律，违反交通规则的那些人决不会被轻易放过。let off宽恕，不惩罚，从轻处罚，符合语境。set sb. off激起某人的某种情感；turn sb. off使某人失去兴趣；pay sb. off付清工资解雇某人。26.It has been two years since Wilson worked in our company.Word has it that
6、 he an enterprise in his hometown.A.had run B.is running C.was running D.will have run答案B解析句意为：Wilson 离开我们公司已经两年了。据说他在他的家乡经营着一家公司。根据句中的“It has been two years since Wilson worked in our company”可知Wilson现在已经不在我们公司工作了，故此处用现在进行时表示他目前的状态。27.Jane，the newcomer of our school，is quite honest with others.That
7、 is I like about her.A.why B.howC.what D.because答案C解析句意为：我们学校新来的简待人非常真诚。这是我喜欢她的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在从句中充当like 的宾语，故用what。28.Things were getting along smoothly in the beginning，but after a time，sales a sharp downturn，he spent a lot of sleepless nights.A.taking B.to takeC.taken D.to be taken答案A解析
8、句意为：事情刚开始进展得很顺利，但一段时间以后销售量急剧下降，(因此)他度过了许多不眠之夜。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处为“名词分词(短语)”构成独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语；take 与其逻辑主语sales 之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词taking。29.He Gang，chief editor of HBRC，said the forum offers people the chance to discuss business management，the concert acts as a way for them to communicate in spirit.A.since B.
9、whileC.if D.until答案B解析句意为：哈佛商业评论中文版的总编辑何刚表示，虽然论坛为人们提供了讨论商业管理的机会，但音乐会才是他们精神交流的一种方式。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，应用while。30.An AI-powered in-car monitoring system in trucks in Shenzhen next year to solve the problem of accidents caused by careless drivers.A.will be installed B.will installC.is inst
10、alled D.installed答案A解析句意为：明年，深圳市将在卡车上安装人工智能车载监控系统，以解决司机因粗心大意而造成事故的问题。根据句中的时间状语“next year”可知，此处应用一般将来时；system与install之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选A。31.No matter how small or unimportant what we are doing may seem，if we do it well，it may soon become the very step will lead us to better things.A.that B.whichC.what
11、 D.where答案A解析句意为：不管我们现在所做的事看起来多么微不足道或不重要，如果我们将它做好，它可能很快就会成为通往更美好的事物的踏石阶。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且先行词有the very 修饰，关系词应用that。故选A。32.If we hadnt got everything ready by now，we a terrible time tomorrow when the other people arrive.A.had had B.were to haveC.should be having D.might have had答案C解析句意为：如果我们现在没把一
12、切准备好的话，明天其他人到的时候情况就糟糕了。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是混合虚拟语气的用法，if 从句是对现在事实的一种假设，而主句是对将来事实的假设，故主句谓语应用should be having。33.No statement was issued after yesterdays talk，but it is thought that the two parties an agreement.A.should have reachedB.must have reachedC.would have reachedD.could have reached答案D解析句意为：昨天会谈之后(双
13、方)并未发表任何声明，但人们认为双方本可以达成共识。could have done 表示“过去有能力做而未做”，符合语境，故选D。should have done本应该做某事而实际未做；must have done一定做过某事。34.Generally you did a good job in the test.But your grammar remains to be improved.I know.The problem is that I have been working very hard on it，but its still .A.as clear as mud B.as h
14、ard as nailsC.as mad as a hatter D.as plain as day答案A解析句意为：总的来说，你在这次的考试中考得不错。但是你的语法还有待提升。我知道。问题是我一直在很努力学习语法，但是它真的难懂。as clear as mud一点不清楚，难懂，符合语境。as hard as nails铁石心肠，冷酷无情；as mad as a hatter完全疯狂的；as plain as day显而易见。35.Going to watch the 2018 FINA World Swimming Championships(25m) on Saturday? It is
15、a rare chance.Will you go with me?A.Who knows? B.You bet!C.How come? D.Youve got me!答案B解析句意为：星期六去看2018国际泳联世界游泳锦标赛(25米)吗？当然！机会难得。要和我一起去吗？you bet的确，当然，符合语境。who knows谁知道呢；how come怎么会；youve got me你难住我了。第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。There was a businessman who was deep
16、in debt and could see no way out.He sat on the park bench，head in hands， 36 if anything could save his company from bankruptcy(破产).Suddenly an old man appeared before him.“I can see that something is 37 you，” he said.After listening to the businessmans troubles，the old man said，“I believe I can help
17、 you.”He asked the man his name，wrote out a 38 ，and pushed it into his hand，saying，“Take this money.Meet me here exactly one year from today，and you can pay me back at that time.”Then he turned and disappeared as 39 as he had come.The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000， 40 by John D.Ro
18、ckefeller，then one of the richest men in the world! “I can 41 my money worries in an instant！”he realized.But 42 ，he decided to put the uncashed check in his safe.Just knowing it was there might give him the 43 to work out a way to save his business，he thought.With renewed 44 ，he negotiated better d
19、eals.Within a few months，he was out of debt and making money once again.Exactly one year later，he returned to the 45 with the uncashed check.At the 46 time，the old man appeared.But just as the businessman was about to 47 the check and share his success story，a 48 came running up and grabbed the old
20、man.“Im so delighted I 49 him！”she cried.“I hope he hasnt been bothering you.Hes 50 escaping from the rest home and telling people hes John D.Rockefeller.”And she led the old man away 51 the arm.The businessman just stood there， 52 .All year long hed been buying and selling， 53 he had half a million
21、 dollars behind him.Suddenly，he realized that it wasnt the money，real or 54 ，that had turned his life around.It was his 55 self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.语篇解读文章讲述了一个商人东山再起的故事。一个商人欠下许多债务，他无助地坐在公园里。有一个老人给了他一张50万的支票，让他一年后来还。商人把支票放起来，作为一种精神支持的力量。后来他再次获得了成功，来找那个
22、老人却发现那位老人并非约翰洛克菲勒，支票也是假的。原来，并非金钱，而是信心使商人获得了成功。36.A.wondering B.suspectingC.estimating D.hesitating答案A解析句意为：商人在想是否有什么可以拯救他的公司。wonder想知道； suspect怀疑；estimate估计；hesitate犹豫。所以选A。37.A.attacking B.disturbingC.interrupting D.amusing答案B解析句意为：我知道有一些事正在困扰你。attack攻击；disturb困扰；interrupt打断；amuse娱乐。所以选B。38.A.numbe
23、r B.noteC.letter D.check答案D解析句意为：老人问了他的名字，开了一张支票。number数字；note笔记；letter信；check支票。下文a check for $500,000也是提示。所以选D。39.A.calmly B.quietlyC.quickly D.proudly答案C解析句意为：然后他转身消失了，就像他来的时候那么迅速。calmly平静地；quietly安静地；quickly迅速地；proudly骄傲地。所以选C。40.A.signed B.handedC.drawn D.deposited答案A解析句意为：商人看到手里有一张由约翰洛克菲勒签字的50
24、万的支票。sign签字；hand递送；draw画；deposit放置，存储。所以选A。41.A.lose B.removeC.face D.ignore答案B解析句意为：我可以立即消除我的金钱危机。lose失去；remove去除；face面对；ignore忽视。所以选B。42.A.instead B.thereforeC.rather D.meanwhile答案A解析句意为：但是取而代之的是，他决定把支票放起来。instead取而代之；therefore因此；rather宁愿；meanwhile同时。所以选A。43.A.weakness B.beliefC.urge D.strength答案D
25、解析句意为：只要知道支票在那里，就可能会给他力量，来找到方法拯救公司。weakness弱点；belief相信；urge催促；strength力量。所以选D。44.A.creativity B.permissionC.optimism D.curiosity答案C解析句意为：随着重拾的乐观，他洽谈了更好的生意。creativity创造力；permission允许；optimism乐观；curiosity好奇。所以选C。45.A.hospital B.companyC.street D.park答案D解析根据首段中“He sat on the park bench，head in hands.”可
26、知一年后，那个商人如约来到那个公园。hospital医院；company公司；street街道；park公园。所以选D。46.A.advanced B.appointedC.announced D.delayed答案B解析句意为：在约定好的时间，那个老人出现了。advanced先进的；appointed约定的；announced宣布的；delayed延迟的。所以选B。47.A.hand back B.give outC.put out D.turn over答案A解析句意为：正当商人要归还支票时。hand back归还；give out分发；put out熄灭；turn over翻过来。所以选
27、A。48.A.policeman B.bankerC.nurse D.guard答案C解析根据下文“Hes escaping from the rest home and telling people hes John D.Rockefeller.”可知这里意思是一个护士跑过来。policeman警察；banker银行家；nurse护士；guard守卫。所以选C。49.A.beat B.cheatedC.pushed D.caught答案D解析根据上下文语境可知，老人经常跑出来，所以此处表示护士很高兴抓住了他。beat打；cheat欺骗；push推；catch抓住。所以选D。50.A.neve
28、r B.seldomC.always D.occasionally答案C解析句意为：他总是从疗养院跑出来，告诉别人说他是约翰洛克菲勒。never从不；seldom很少；always总是；occasionally偶尔。所以选C。51.A.on B.in C.by D.at答案C解析句意为：抓着胳膊，她把老人带走了。by表示“抓住，握住”，所以选C。52.A.exhausted B.astonishedC.disappointed D.excited答案B解析句意为：商人站在那里，惊呆了。exhausted疲惫的；astonished吃惊的；disappointed失望的；excited激动的。所
29、以选B。53.A.convinced B.informedC.reminded D.warned答案A解析句意为：确信自己有五十万。convince确信；inform通知；remind提醒；warn警告。所以选A。54.A.created B.imaginedC.discovered D.donated答案B解析句意为：突然，他意识到并不是金钱，不管是真实的或是想象的，改变了他的生活。create创造；imagine想象；discover发现；donate捐赠。所以选B。55.A.long-lost B.non-existentC.ever-lasting D.newly-found答案D解析
30、句意为：而是他新找到的自信给了他实现目标的力量。newly-found新找到的，所以选D。第三部分阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhile smartphones stand accused of a variety of crimes，these pocket computers can certainly be a force for good.Your phone is always with you，making it the perfect device to push you into
31、a more beneficial way of living.Here are some of the best apps that can help.HabiticaHabitica turns the goal of forming good habits into a game，with its own characters and scoring.Its a lot of fun，and the app also lets you build habits with friends and family.In addition to regular repeating habits，
32、you can add a more general to-do list，and the rewards you get can be customized tooyou could treat yourself to a meal out or an extra hour of games.Smoke FreeIf youve got a specific habit in mind，then youll usually find specific apps to help，like Smoke Free.If youre determined to give up smoking，the
33、n this is one of the most comprehensive apps for giving you that extra push you need to make a permanent change.The app offers a host of useful features for people wanting to go smoke-free：The ability to see your progress over time，charts showing how your health is improving，day-by-day encouragement
34、，and some advice on techniques for giving up smoking.MyFitnessPalYou can find a ton of health and fitness apps for your phone，but MyFitnessPal stands out not just because it is easy to use，but because it makes practical suggestions for you.It can take in a host of data，from the calories(卡路里) youre t
35、aking in to the number of swims youre doing per week，and offer reports on calorie consumption and macronutrient(大量营养素) breakdown.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文中介绍了三款手机应用：Habitica可以帮助你养成好的习惯；Smoke Free可以帮助你戒烟；MyFitnessPal可以为你提供健康和健身的建议。56.What can Habitica help you to do?A.Win a tough game.B.Start a lasting friendshi
36、p.C.Find a fancy restaurant.D.Develop a pleasant habit.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Habitica部分中的“Habitica turns the goal of forming good habits into a game，with its own characters and scoring.”可知，Habitica能够帮助你养成好的习惯。故选D。57.What can we learn about the three apps mentioned in the text?A.Theyre cheap.B.Theyre practica
37、l.C.Theyre free.D.Theyre interesting.答案B解析推理判断题。文中提到的三款应用：Habitica可以帮助你养成好的习惯；Smoke Free可以帮助你戒烟；MyFitnessPal可以为你提供健康和健身的建议。由此可知，这三款应用都很实用。故选B。BTiny Countries You Never Knew ExistedSao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe off Africas west coast is only 372 square miles，but it has impressive，undamag
38、ed nature，rich in biodiverse species.The amazing needle-like volcanic peak Pico Cao Grande rises 1,000 feet into the air.The islands are home to only around 200,000 people today.San MarinoOnly 23 square miles with a population of just 34,000，the little-known country of San Marino，surrounded by Italy
39、，is the worlds fifth smallest country.With the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Titano，the country is said to be the oldest republic in the world.DominicaDominica covers only 290 square miles，with some of the best diving in the Caribbean，including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of volcanic Morme
40、Trois Pitons National Park.In Dominica，youll see rainforests，waterfalls，and coastal views.The island is also home to the only remaining population of the Kalinago，who are part of the islands 74,900 inhabitants.KiribatiThis Pacific island country of 33 coral islands is 313 square miles，but its the on
41、ly country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres(半球).The countrys 109,000 residents live in only 21 of the islands.See this tropical paradise before it is no longer thererising seas are threatening to swallow the country whole.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个小国家。58.Which country has the smallest populat
42、ion?A.Sao Tome and Principe. B.San Marino.C.Dominica. D.Kiribati.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The islands are home to only around 200,000 people today”，第二段中的“Only 23 square miles with a population of just 34,000”，第三段中的“who are part of the islands 74,900 inhabitants”和第四段中的“The countrys 109,000 residents”可知，圣马力
43、诺的人口最少。故B选项正确。59.What can one see in both San Marino and Dominica?A.Volcanoes. B.World heritage sites.C.Views of the Caribbean. D.Waterfalls.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“With the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Titano，the country is said to be the oldest republic in the world.”和第三段中的“including the UNESC
44、O World Heritage Site of volcanic Morme Trois Pitons National Park”可知，在这两个国家都有世界文化遗址。故B选项正确。60.Which is TRUE of Kiribati?A.It is rich in biodiverse species.B.It is surrounded by Italy.C.It is home to the Kalinago.D.It is disappearing.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“rising seas are threatening to swallow the cou
45、ntry whole”可知，上升的海平面正在威胁着整个国家。由此可以推知，这个国家快要消失了。故D选项正确。CThe average wage earned in America has been stagnating(停滞) for four decades, according to the Pew Research Center.Its a shocking finding.Thankfully，there are two reasons to be less frightened by it than an initial glance would suggest.The first
46、reason why this news should be less disturbing than it appears is that compensation includes benefits，not just wages，and the proportion of benefits to wages has been going up.Average compensation must therefore have risen faster than average wages have.Drew DeSilvers write-up of the finding from Pew
47、 mentions this issue prominently，and is linked to a Bureau of Labor Statistics compendium that shows how much difference non-wage compensation can make.From 2001 through 2018，the average civilian wage grew by 5.3 percent；average compensation grew by 10.4 percent，almost twice as much.The second reaso
48、n for cheer is that even wages alone have almost certainly risen more than Pew indicates.When looking at changes in living standards，its right to adjust wages for inflation(通货膨胀).But Pew has overestimated it，and as a result its not seeing actual improvements in purchasing power.Pew appears to be usi
49、ng a measure of inflation called CPI-U，which is produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and used by many other researchers.But as Scott Winship，then an analyst at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research，detailed a few years ago，that measure overrates inflationand vastly overrates its accumula
50、tive influence over time.To my mind，the idea that most people have made no economic progress in four decades just feels wrongit contradicts the growing material abundance that I think nearly anyone in our society ought to be able to see. Yet many people seem to find the picture of long-running stagn
51、ation plausible.Meanwhile，they find it ridiculous what the best reading of the evidence suggests about poverty：Material shortage has sharply declined over the last few decades，too.I can think of a few theories about why people might buy a false story of economic stagnation. While living standards ha
52、ve kept improving，the rate of improvement has fallen. People may have gotten used to the higher growth rates of the past.Families are less stable than they used to be：People might therefore see the good life as less attainable，which then colors their perceptions of the economy.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，阐明了作者对于皮尤
53、研究中心发现的美国近四十年的平均工资增长停滞现象并不担忧的两个原因及自己的观点。61.How does the author find compensation and wages?A.The unchanged wages are frightening.B.Compensation has risen faster than wages.C.Average compensation has risen disturbingly.D.Benefits have grown twice as much as compensation.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“compensatio
54、n includes benefits，not just wages，and the proportion of benefits to wages has been going up”“From 2001 through 2018，the average civilian wage grew by 5.3 percent; average compensation grew by 10.4 percent, almost twice as much.”可知，补偿金上涨的速度比工资上涨的速度快，故答案为B。62.What has contributed to Pews overestimati
55、ng inflation?A.The unreliable measure.B.The inaccurate statistics.C.The careless procedure.D.The subjective judgment.答案A解析细节理解题。根据题干中的Pews overestimating inflation 定位答案在第三段。根据第三段中的“Pew appears to be using a measure of inflation called CPI-U”和“that measure overrates inflationand vastly overrates its
56、accumulative influence over time”可知，皮尤研究中心采用的CPI-U 这种测算方法高估了通货膨胀，由此可知选A。 63.What does the underlined word “plausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Pleasant. B.Sensitive.C.Incredible. D.Reasonable.答案D解析词义猜测题。第四段首句讲到，作者觉得经济停滞这个观点是错误的。第二句中的Yet 意为“但是”，表转折， “然而许多人似乎觉得长期(经济)停滞的状况是plausible”，第三句中出现了Meanw
57、hile 和ridiculous，本句话表示“对比之下，他们觉得对贫困迹象的最佳解读在过去的几十年里，物质匮乏也急剧下降是荒谬的”，由此可推断，plausible与ridiculous 含义相反，应译为“有道理的，可信的”，故选D。pleasant令人愉快的；sensitive 敏感的；incredible难以置信的。64.What is the best title for the text?A.Compensation Consists of Not Just WagesB.Economic Stagnation Is Alarmingly SeriousC.Stagnating Wage
58、s Dont Tell the Whole StoryD.The Economy Made No Progress in Four Decades答案C解析标题归纳题。首段主要讲皮尤研究中心发现：美国近四十年的平均工资增长一直处于停滞状态。不过作者对此发现并不担忧，文章接下来主要讲作者对此不担忧的两个原因以及自己的看法。故C项作本文标题最佳。DThose who want to learn a foreign language，or want their children to，often feel they are racing against the clock.People seem t
59、o get worse at languages as they age.Children often learn their first language without any instruction，and can easily become multilingual with the right exposure.But the older people get，the harder it seems to be.Witness the rough edges on the grammar of many immigrants even after many years in thei
60、r new countries.Scientists mostly agree that children are better language learners，but do not know why.Some posit(认定) biological factors.Is it because young brains have an extreme kind of plasticity？Or，as Steven Pinker，a Harvard psychologist，argues，an instinct for language-learning specifically，whic
61、h fades as the brain ages and (in evolutionary terms) is no longer needed？Others think children have special environments and encouragements，not more intelligent brains.They have strong motivation to communicate with caregivers and imitate peers，and are not afraid of making mistakes in the way adult
62、s are.Some believe any “critical period” may only apply to the sounds of a foreign tongue.Adults struggle with accents：eight decades after immigrating to America and four after serving as the Secretary of State，Henry Kissinger still sounds fresh off the boat from Frthin what is nevertheless elaborat
63、ely accurate English.But grammar is different，and some researchers have considered that with their greater reasoning powers，adults are not really a underdog relative to children.One study found that when adults and children are exposed to the same teaching materials for a new language for several mo
64、nths，the adults actually do better.Most such research has had to rely on a small number of subjects，given the difficulty of recruiting them；it is hard to know how meaningful the results are.Now a large new study led by Joshua Hartshorne of Boston College (with Mr Pinker and Joshua Tenenbaum as co-au
65、thors) has given strength to the “critical period” hypothesis(假说).The study ingeniously recruited 670,000 online test-takers by framing the exercise as a quiz that would guess the participants native language or dialect.This made it a vital hit.The real point was to test English learners knowledge o
66、f tricky bits of grammar，and to see how this correlates with the age at which their studies began.Do younger beginners do better because their earlier start gave them more learning time，or because they learned faster in early years？It can be hard to tease apart these two questions.But testing a huge
67、 amount of data against a number of possible learning curves allowed Mr Hartshorne to do precisely that.Many previous researchers had posited a drop-off at around puberty(青春期).The new study found it to be rather later，just after 17.Despite that later cut-off，learners must begin at around ten if they
68、 are to get to near-native fluency.If they start at，say,14，they cannot accumulate enough expert knowledge in the critical period.Unfortunately,14 or so is precisely when many students，especially in America，are first introduced to a new language.(Even worse，this is an age when children are acutely se
69、nsitive to embarrassment in front of peers.)Children who start at five dont do noticeably better than those who start at ten over their lifetimes.But there is still reason to begin in the first years of school，as in Denmark and Sweden.Because mastery takes a long timeperhaps 30 years until improveme
70、nt stopsthose who begin at five and are forced to read and write English at university will by then have made much more progress than those who take the plunge(作出决定) at ten，even if their level is roughly the same by 40.The existence of the critical period is not a reason for anyone 11 or older to gi
71、ve up.Some people remain excellent language students into adulthood.And Mr Hartshorne tested some truly subtle features of grammar that take years to master.A language learned even to a lower level can still be extraordinarily useful at work or enjoyable during travelling.But for policymakers，the po
72、ssible effect is clear.语篇解读本文探讨的是关于语言学习“关键期”的问题。65.According to the scientists，which cannot explain childrens being better language learners?A.Pleasant surroundings.B.Powerful motivation.C.Biological factors.D.Proper instruction.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some posit(认定) biological factors.needed”“children h
73、ave special environments and encouragements”“They have strong motivation to communicate with caregivers and imitate peers.mistakes”可知，在科学家们看来，儿童能成为更好的语言学习者的原因可能是生理因素(他们的大脑的可塑性和语言学习的本能更好)、环境因素(儿童能享有更好的语言学习环境和语言刺激)、自身因素(儿童有很强的与他人交流和模仿同龄人的积极性，并且不害怕犯错误)。故选D。66.Why is Henry Kissinger mentioned?A.To stres
74、s his great achievement in language.B.To prove adults have difficulty improving accents.C.To explain language is not a barrier to ones success.D.To show the importance of mastering a foreign language.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中所举的基辛格的例子及“Adults struggle with accents”可知，此处主要是突出在语言学习中，成人在改善口音上有困难。由此可知，提及基辛格就是为了
75、说明这一问题。故选B。67.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Adults are better at logical thinking than children.B.Adults help a lot with childrens language learning.C.Adults are not really at a disadvantage compared to children.D.Adults have more trouble learning grammar than chil
76、dren.答案C解析句意理解题。根据第四段中的“with their greater reasoning powers”“when adults and children are exposed to the same teaching materials for a new language for several months，the adults actually do better”可知，成人的推理能力比儿童的好，同样的时间内学习同样的语法知识，成人的学习效果要比儿童的好。由此可知，画线句的意思是“与儿童相比，成人不一定就处于劣势”。故选C。68.Which statement may
77、 Mr Hartshorne agree with?A.Age 14 is a turning point for foreign language learners.B.A drop-off in learning results appears after the age of 17.C.The critical period is of vital importance in grammar learning.D.The critical period for language learning varies from person to person.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第六段中
78、的“Many previous researchers had posited a drop-off.The new study found it to be rather later，just after 17.”可知，Hartshorne 主导的新研究发现，语言学习效果的下降出现在17岁之后，较之前研究者认为出现在约青春期时要稍晚些。故选B。69.Whats the main theme of the passage?A.Its never too late to begin to learn a foreign language.B.You should start learning e
79、arly to master a new language.C.Language learning should start at the beginning of school.D.Longer learning periods lead to native-like language fluency.答案B解析主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是倒数第三段中的“learners must begin at around ten if they are to get to near-native fluency”和倒数第二段中的“there is still reason to begin in t
80、he first years of school”等信息可知，语言学习“关键期”的说法有其合理性，而要达到接近母语的流利程度，就应该早接触，早学习。故选B。70.What may be discussed in the following paragraph?A.The impact the critical period has on policymakers.B.The application of the critical period to policymaking.C.The importance of the critical period in policymaking.D.Th
81、e attitude policymakers hold toward the critical period.答案A解析推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，文章接下来可能会涉及语言学习“关键期”对政策制定者有什么样的影响。故选A。第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。An inferiority complex(自卑情结) as the name suggests is a complex in which an individual has overwhelming fee
82、lings of inferiority.While we all have weak points，the ones with an inferiority complex will focus on these weaknesses and use them to evaluate their overall worth.As a result，they see themselves as generally less important or successful as others.In some cases，an inferiority complex can lead to ove
83、rcompensation.Here the individual does everything in his power to overcome his inferiority and this can mean he ends up in highly successful jobs，accumulating great wealth and succeeding in powerful relationships.However，while such a person might be a high achiever，a sense of inferiority means that
84、he will always be less happy than he could be and it may have other negative impacts on his life.Another possible outcome of an inferiority complex is that the individual ends up backing down from difficult situations and acting without any sense of worth or entitlement(权利).Here the persons low self
85、-belief changes the way he behaves，and that in turn changes the way he is treated by others which in turn results in him actually becoming inferior in some ways.There are many possible causes of inferiority，but it tends to be the result of conditioned beliefs that come from continuous failure or cri
86、ticism.Often parental attitudes can result in an inferiority complex if the child didnt receive the right encouragement or unconditional love when growing up.In some cases an inferiority complex could also arise as a result of some defect(缺陷) either physical or mental.If you are suffering from an in
87、feriority complex，its time that you did something about it.One of the best ways to improve your self-esteem is to find a loving partner.This is a great way to make you more confident as he or she will love you for who you are and always be there to support you and increase your confidence.Another is
88、 to take up a hobby.Find one thing that youre good at and then get your confidence from that.For instance，you might choose to take up a sport or woodwork，and then you can practice getting better at that and gain more confidence.Moreover，you can turn to self-help books.If you find the right books and
89、 follow the advice carefully，then it is possible to transform the way you view yourself and the way you present yourself.Concept of an inferiority complexAn inferiority complex refers to a 71. of self-worth and a mental state where people think they are not as good as others.72. of an inferiority co
90、mplexPeople with an inferiority complex may misjudge their value and consider other people 73. to themselves.People with an inferiority complex are likely to spare no 74._ to fight their inferiority and become a high achiever finally，but they may still feel less happy due to their sense of inferiori
91、ty.An inferiority complex can result in the 75. of facing difficult situations and improper behavior.Causes of an inferiority complexPeople who often lose out or are blamed continuously are more likely to suffer from an inferiority complex.Children having no 76. to unconditional parental love and pr
92、oper encouragement tend to have an inferiority complex.Physical or mental disabilities can increase the 77. of an inferiority complex.78. on overcoming an inferiority complexFind a loving partner who will always love you and be around to 79. you，which helps you be more confident.Choose something you
93、 are interested in and practice it for better，thus getting your confidence developed and increased.Find the most suitable self-help books and do as they advise，and youre 80. to change how you think about and represent yourself.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了自卑情结的概念、影响、产生原因以及克服方法的相关内容。71.答案lack/shortage解析概括词汇题。根据
94、第一段中的“An inferiority complex(自卑情结) as the name suggests is a complex in which an individual has overwhelming feelings of inferiority.their overall worth.”可知，有自卑情结的人会更多地关注自己的不足并用其来评价自身的价值，认为自己不如别人，也就是说他们不自信，缺乏自我价值感。故填lack/shortage。72.答案Effects/Impacts/Influences/Outcomes/Results解析概括词汇题。根据表格右栏及第二至三段的内
95、容可知，此处说的是自卑情结对人的影响或带来的结果。故填Effects/Impacts/Influences/Outcomes/Results。73.答案superior解析转换词汇题。根据第一段中的“they see themselves as generally less important or successful as others”可知，有自卑情结的人往往会认为自己不如别人重要或者成功。故填superior。74.答案effort解析转换词汇题。根据第二段中的“the individual does everything in his power to overcome his in
96、feriority.relationships”可知，有自卑情结的人可能会不遗余力地克服自己的自卑，最终获得成功。故填effort。spare no effort to do sth. 是固定用法，意为“不遗余力做某事”。75.答案fear解析转换词汇题。根据第三段中的“Another possible outcome of.is that the individual ends up backing down from difficult situations”可知，有自卑情结的人会在困境中退缩，即他们畏惧困难。故填fear。76.答案access解析转换词汇题。根据第四段中的“if the
97、 child didnt receive the right encouragement or unconditional love when growing up”可知，如果孩子在成长中没能从父母那里获得无条件的爱和适当的鼓励，他们可能会有自卑情结。故填access。access(使用或见到的)机会，权利。77.答案risk/possibility/chance解析转换词汇题。根据第四段中的“an inferiority complex could also arise as a result of some defect(缺陷) either physical or mental”可知，身
98、体或精神上的缺陷会增加人们有自卑情结的风险/可能。故填risk/possibility/chance。78.答案Tips/Advice/Suggestions解析概括词汇题。根据表格右栏的内容及文章最后一段可知，此处讲的是克服自卑情结的建议。故填Tips/Advice/Suggestions。79.答案support解析原文词汇题。根据最后一段中的“he or she will.always be there to support you and increase your confidence”可知，心中充满爱的伴侣总是会在你身边支持你，这有助于你提高自信。故填support。80.答案li
99、kely解析转换词汇题。根据文章最后一句可知，如果找到最适合你的书并认真按照上面的建议来做，那么你可能会改变看待自己和呈现自己的方式。it is possible与likely意思相近。故填likely。第五部分书面表达(满分25分)81.请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。As global fast-food chains and coffee shops begin phasing out(逐步淘汰) single-use plastic straws，McDonalds China introduced a “strawless” lid(盖子) for co
100、ld beverages at 10 Beijing restaurants on Nov.1,2018.Like many consumers，Wu Yanmei, a bank clerk in Beijing，had never thought about the impact a simple straw could have on the environment.“Actually，I dont like using straws，but the cups at fast-food restaurants are all designed for use with a straw，”
101、 she said.“I dont think straws are necessary，so the moves are a good way to raise peoples awareness of not using single-use plastic products.”However，Jiang Jianguo，a professor of environmental studies at Tsinghua University，said he doubts such activities alone can have a major effect on the global p
102、ollution problem.“I dont think the move by McDonalds will be a success because previously there were lots of hotels calling for a ban on single-use plastics，but it ended in nothing because businesses compete by trying to make things convenient for consumers，” he said.写作内容1.用约30个单词概括上述材料的主要内容；2.用约120
103、个单词谈谈你对“快餐连锁店逐步弃用塑料吸管”的看法，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文Fast-food chains like McDonalds have taken action to stop using plastic straws gradually to be environmentally friendly，but as to whether such a move can have effects on improving
104、the environment，people hold different opinions.Though plastic straws can afford people great convenience，I think phasing them out in fast-food chains is advisable.First，plastics are a major source of pollution because theyre difficult to degrade.Therefore，phasing them out is greatly beneficial to th
105、e environment，such as reminding people of the urgency to protect the environment.Moreover，without straws，consumers can still have their drinks.So why must we equip each drink with a straw？Why dont we save such resources for other uses？Maybe，somewhere，the plastics saved can make a big difference to the society.As a senior three student，I hope all the Chinese people will take an active part in the campaign against using plastic straws，which is of great benefit for our living environment.