1、.重点单词1.btrevt.出卖,背叛 n.(被)背叛,出卖2.prtendvi.&vt.假装;装扮,扮作3.dmtvt.&vi.承认;允许进入,接纳 n.允许进入,入场费4.bevt.&vi.请求,恳求;乞讨 n.乞丐5.fvvt.原谅,宽恕 n.原谅,宽恕单元课前检测 1.betray betrayal 2.pretend 3.admit admission 4.beg beggar 5.forgive forgiveness 6.fksvi.&vt.集中注意力于;(使)聚焦n.焦点;重点7.juvi.争吵,争论 n.争论,辩论,论据,论点8.pldazvi.道歉 n.道歉 adj.谢罪的
2、,道歉的9.envvt.&n.羡慕,忌妒 adj.羡慕的10.blemvt.责备,指责 n.(坏事或错事的)责任;责备,指责11.rspndvi.做出反应,回应 n.回答,响应 adj.有责任的,负责的6.focus 7.argue argument 8.apologize apology apologetic 9.envy envious 10.blame 11.respond response responsible 12.rlavi.依靠,依赖 adj.可信赖的13.dsrimntn.分歧,争论,意见不一 v.不同意14.kwentnsn.泛泛之交,熟人;略有交情,(与某人)认识 v.使
3、熟悉,使了解 adj.熟悉,了解15.msn.宽恕;仁慈 adj.仁慈的;宽大的 adv.仁慈地;宽大地;幸运地 adj.残忍的;毫不怜悯的12.rely reliable 13.disagreement disagree 14.acquaintance acquaint acquainted15.mercy merciful mercifully merciless 16.tfladj.愉快的,高兴的;令人愉快的 v.欢呼,鼓舞n.欢呼声17.hrbladj.极坏的,糟糕的;恐怖的,令人震惊的 n.恐惧18.ltadj.内疚的;有罪的 n.内疚,悔恨,犯罪;有罪19.kruladj.伤人的;
4、残酷的,残忍的 n.残酷;残忍20.senstvadj.易生气的;敏感的;体贴的 n.感觉,意识v.感觉到,意识到21.ftdadj.有天赋的,有天才的 n.礼物,天赋16.cheerful cheer 17.horrible horror 18.guilty guilt 19.cruel cruelty20.sensitive sense 21.gifted gift22.hplsadj.没有好转希望的,无望的;糟透的 v.&n.希望 adj.有希望的23.ksadj.小心的,谨慎的 n.小心,谨慎24.kmtdadj.尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的 vt.犯(罪或错等)25.snsladv.真
5、诚地26.rdlsadv.不顾;不管怎样 vt.认为,看作22.hopeless hope hopeful 23.cautious mitted commit 25.sincerely 26.regardless regard.重点短语1.暗中监视,窥探2.(与)步调一致,(与)同步3.(用电话)接通4.不管,不顾5.最后成为,最终处于6.凝视;盯着看7.当众8.不睡觉,熬夜9.遵守诺言10.最后,总之1.spy on 2.keep pace with 3.get through 4.regardless of 5.end up 6.stare at 7.in public 8.stay up
6、 9.keep ones word 10.in conclusion 11.不久,很快12.相处融洽,进展13.依靠,依赖14.以为基础,以为根据15.幸亏;由于16.想要17.情不自禁做某事18.推迟19.谈起,说起11.before long 12.get along/on with 13.rely on14.be based on 15.thanks to 16.feel like17.cannot help doing sth 18.put off 19.speak of.重点句型1.考试之后,我一定是听上去洋洋得意,说考题实在太简单了,我肯定能取得好成绩。I very after t
7、he quiz,saying how easy itwas and how I was sure to get a good grade.2.后来,我假装很开心,但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。Afterwards,I pretended ,but Hannah .3.我迫不及待地想再见你一面。I see you again.1.must have sounded;proud of myself 2.to be cheerful;sensed something was wrong 3.cant wait to 4.当被问起时,他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下。,they usually hesit
8、ate .5.足球对我很重要,但我们的友谊也同样重要。Football is very important to me,but our friendship.6.当他三个半小时后回来时,她们仍然坐在沙发上,继续聊着同样的话题。When he comes back three and a half hours later,theyre still sitting on the sofa,on the same topic.4.When asked;before responding 5.so is 6.continuing the same conversation.单元语法用所给词的适当形式填
9、空1.The naughty boys pretended (study)when the teacher came into the classroom.2.A few days later he came back only (find)that the troop had left.3.He managed to escape (suffer)from the disease.4.His (elect)our chairman made us think of a lot.5.What surprised me most is (see)him beaten black and blue
10、.1.to be studying 2.to find 3.suffering 4.being elected5.to see1 pretendAfterwards,I pretended to be cheerful,but Hannah sensed something was wrong.后来,我假装很开心,但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。(教材原句P2)考点释义vi.&vt.假装;装扮,扮作 pretend to do sthpretend to be doing sthpretend to have done sthpretend that.假装做某事假装正在做某事假装已经做了某事假
11、装语言点用法过关 He pretended not to notice.他假装没注意。We pretended that nothing had happened.我们假装什么事情也没发生。I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything was fine.我一直骗自己,假装一切都很好。Tom loved to pretend,and he particularly loved to play superheroes.汤姆喜欢假扮,他特别喜欢扮演超级英雄。(2013 广东 阅读理解 A)活学活用单句填空(1)He pretended t
12、o (study)when his mother stepped into his room.(2)When I came back from work,my son pretended to be (sleep)without saying hello to me.完成句子(3)男孩假装没有注意地板上的钱。The boy the money on the floor.答案(1)be studying 句意:母亲走进他的房间时,他假装正在学习。(2)asleep/sleeping 句意:当我下班回来时,我儿子假装正在睡觉,没和我打招呼。(3)pretended not to notice 2
13、admitWe went to wash our hands in the girls washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.午饭前我们去女洗手间洗手,我承认考得有多么糟糕。(教材原句P2)考点释义vt.&vi.承认;允许进入,接纳It was,as Mr.Holden admitted,“a minor miracle(奇迹)”.正如Holden先生所承认的那样,那是“一个小小的奇迹”。(2015 陕西 阅读理解B)He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her ru
14、n around and saw it as a game.他还承认他喜欢弄得她到处跑,而且把这个看成一种游戏。(2014湖北 阅读理解A)Its not easy to cheat in chess,but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.下棋时作弊不容易,但是我承认我确信戴维曾赢过一两次。(2013 广东 阅读理解C)The two boys admitted that they had been admitted into the theatre,which could admit 1,000 people in all.这两个男孩
15、承认他们被准许进入这家总共可容纳1,000人的剧院。发散思维admission n.允许进入;供认;入场费admittance n.进入权,进入 图解助记 活学活用单句填空He was (admit)into the club last year.答案 admitted 句意:去年他被那家俱乐部接纳为会员。3 forgiveI dont think I can ever truly forgive her.我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。(教材原句P2)考点释义vt.原谅,宽恕(forgave,forgiven)He is therefore forgiven,if late for a din
16、ner party.因此,他要是赴宴迟到了会得到谅解。Forgive his bad judgement,move quietly and enjoy the show.原谅他的错误判断,悄悄走开,去享受表演。(2014 辽宁 阅读理解B)Well,I know I forgot,but then I remembered.Forgive me and happy birthday.哦,我知道我忘记了,但是后来我又想起来了。原谅我,祝你生日快乐。(2014 辽宁阅读理解B)发散思维 forgiveness.,forgiving.,forgivable.nadjadj原谅 宽恕宽宏大量的 宽容的
17、可原谅的活学活用单句填空(1)I cant forgive him pissing me about.句型转换(2)Ill never forgive you that lie.=Ill never forgive you that lie.(3)Forgive my interrupting you.=Forgive me .答案(1)for 句意:我不能原谅他欺骗我。forgive sb for doing sth原谅某人做某事。(2)for telling 句意:我永远不会原谅你撒那个谎。(3)for interrupting you 句意:原谅我打断你。4 focusThe other
18、 team was superb and we really had to focus.那支球队很棒,我们必须集中精力。(教材原句P3)考点释义(1)vi.&vt.集中注意力于;(使)聚焦 When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks,I could not.当班里所有的人都在集中精力做作业时,我却做不到。This year our meeting focuses on the question of childrens rights.今年,我们的会议中心议题是儿童的权利。focus on/upon.focus one s atte
19、ntion/mind on./集中于上集中注意力 思想于上(2)n.焦点;重点 Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of atten-tion.健康问题和环境问题已日益成为人们关注的焦点。发散思维表达“集中于,专心于”还可用concentrate on、keep ones mind on、devote oneself to、be absorbed in等。活学活用完成句子(1)在聚会上女孩们总是穿着她们最漂亮的衣服,想要成为大家关注的焦点。Girls always wear their mos
20、t beautiful clothes at a party and want to be the of attention.in/out of focus/bring sth into focus焦点对准 没对准使某事物成为焦点(2)光束在空中移动,集中对准飞机。The beams of light moved across the sky and the plane.(3)注意力集中在了获得所需答案应做的工作上。Attention what was needed to obtain the required answer.(4)这次地震的震源在距我们市八十英里的地方。of the eart
21、hquake is eighty miles from our city.答案(1)focus(2)focused on(3)was focused on(4)The focus5 argueSince we argued,he hasnt spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.虽然我们在教室里是邻座,但自从我们争吵后,他便没跟我说过话。(教材原句P3)考点释义v.争吵,争论;论证,说理argue with sb about/over sthargue for/against/argue sb into/out
22、of doing sth/argue that.就某事与某人争辩据理力争 据理反对说服某人做 不做某事提出理由说明During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to ar-gue.一天傍晚交通最拥挤时,两辆汽车相撞,两个司机开始争吵起来。But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.但是他辩解说,这并不能证明父母的干涉就是那个成功的根本原因。(2015
23、陕西 阅读理解D)The driver argued that he was not responsible for the collision at the crossroads.这位司机辩解说他对交叉路口的相撞事故不负责任。发散思维argument n.争辩;争论 活学活用完成句子(1)彼此不要为这件事争吵了,这简直是浪费时间。Dont argue each other this matter.Its a waste of time.(2)他们正在说服我们相信他们从未对我们撒过谎。They are arguing us the belief they have never lied to
24、us.(3)她主张应该让野生动物在野生环境中生活,而不应将它们用于娱乐或广告。She has wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for en-tertainment or advertisements.(4)我成功说服他不去看比赛。Ive managed going to the match.答案(1)with;over/about(2)into;that(3)argued that(4)to argue him out of6 apologizeThe things he said hurt me too,but he
25、has not apologized to me.他说的那些话也伤害了我,但是他还没向我道歉。(教材原句P3)考点释义vi.道歉 He realized this and apologized to me.他意识到了这一点,并向我道歉。Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.接着他双眼噙满泪水看着我,悄悄地问他是否可以去找老师道个歉。(2014 湖北 阅读理解A)Why did the woman apolo
26、gize?那个妇女为什么道歉?Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.很多次,那个伤害你的人并不打算道歉。(2013 辽宁 阅读理解 第二节)发散思维 活学活用单句填空(1)You owe him an (apologize)for what you said.(2)The captain apologized us not being able to tell us the truth.答案(1)apology 不定冠词后用名词。(2)to;for apologize to sb for(doing)st
27、h因(做)某事向某人道歉。7 blameWhile it may feel awkward,if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.尽管这可能会让你感到尴尬,但如果她确实是你最好的朋友,那你应该因责备了她而向她道歉。(教材原句P5)考点释义(1)vt.责备,指责Im not to blame,Mum.妈妈,我不应该受到责备。Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.警方把事故原因为咎于危险驾驶。While we cant chan
28、ge the body type we are born with,we cant blame our genes for making us fat.尽管我们无法改变我们与生俱来的体形,但我们不能因为发胖而责怪我们的基因。(2014 重庆 阅读理解B)(2)n.(坏事或错事的)责任;责备,指责It was purely a question,no blame or anger in my tone.这纯粹是一个提问,我的语调中既没有责怪也没有愤怒。(2014湖北 阅读理解A)Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wron
29、g?为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅?发散思维辨析blame,criticize与scoldblame强调把过错归咎于某人。criticize强调找出某人或某物的缺点加以批评。scold表示因为愤怒而大声地责备,多指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈、雇主对雇员以粗暴或激烈的言辞进行数落。常用结构:scold sb for(do-ing)sth。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.他们责备秘书造成计划延误。Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like th
30、at.后来她因女儿对她父亲那样讲话而训斥了她。The report strongly criticized the government for failing to deal with the problem quickly.那篇报道强烈批评政府未能迅速处理问题。活学活用汉译英(1)我在作业中犯了很多拼写错误,老师为此责备了我。(2)她把婚姻的失败归咎于自己的父母。完成句子(3)他们之间已开始冷战,但他说不是他的责任。Cold has grown between them but he says he is not the one .答案(1)The teacher blamed me fo
31、r making so many spelling mistakes in my homework.(2)She blamed the failure of her marriage on her parents.(3)to blame8 respondWhen asked,they usually hesitate before responding.当被问起时,他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下(教材原句P18)考点释义vi.做出反应,回应respond to回答,回应I asked his name,but he didnt respond.我问他叫什么名字,但他没回答。Can I lie ab
32、out seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond to it?我能因为太忙或者懒于回复,就撒谎说没看到短信吗?(2014 辽宁 阅读理解B)温馨提示respond后跟宾语时,必须加to,即respond to sb/sth。发散思维 He opened the door in response to a knock.他应敲门声而开了门。活学活用完成句子(1)任何与孩子们一起待过的人都知道男孩和女孩对相似情况所做出的反应是不同的。Anyone who has spent time with children is aware
33、of the difference in the way boys and girls respond similar situations.(2)我邀请她吃晚饭,但她未回答。I invited her to dinner but she did not .(3)他从来没给我回过信。He never my letter.(4)这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。The product was developed customer demand.答案(1)to(2)respond(3)responded to(4)in response to9 keep ones wordI was so a
34、ngry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we werent going to be friends any more because she couldnt keep her word.我非常生气,于是径直走到汉娜跟前告诉她我们将不再是朋友了,因为她不能信守诺言。(教材原句P2)考点释义keep ones word信守诺言I said Id visit him and I shall keep my word.我说我要拜访他,我会守信的。How do I know youll keep your word?我怎么知道你会守信呢?发散思维
35、注意word作“诺言,保证”讲时,多用单数,其前往往有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰;word作“消息,信息”讲时,通常作不可数名词,其前不加冠词。活学活用完成句子(1)我们都不再相信他了,因为他总是食言。None of us believes in him any more,for he always .(2)当心,他从不守信。Be careful.He never .(3)传来消息说,他被选为学生会主席。he was elected chairman of the student union.答案(1)breaks his word(2)keeps his word(3)Word cam
36、e that10 before longTalk to your friend and Im sure that,before long,youll be back playing football together.跟你的朋友谈谈,我肯定过不了多久,你们又会在一起踢足球了。(教材原句P5)考点释义before long不久,很快Well see that film before long.我们不久就要看那部电影。Before long,a car came up the road leading to the house,with butter sandwiches,cheese and c
37、hocolate.不久,一辆小车开上了通向这座房子的路,车上有奶油三明治、奶酪和巧克力。(2013 湖北 完形填空)发散思维long before有两个用法:(1)单独使用。在这种情况下,long before意思是“很久以前”。That happened long before.那件事发生在很久以前。(2)后面跟名词或句子,意思是“早在之前”。I knew Smith long before I knew you.早在认识你之前我就认识史密斯了。She died long before the war.早在战前她就去世了。活学活用完成句子(1)很快,她就跑着追我来了。she came run
38、ning behind me.(2)他们昨天开始做实验,但很久以前就已经做准备了。They began the experiment yesterday,but they had made preparations .(3)很快他们就到了车站。They got to the station .答案(1)Before long(2)long before(3)before long11 get throughOur lines can get very busy,but please keep trying and you will soon get through.我们的线路很忙,不过请不停地
39、尝试,这样你会很快接通的。(教材原句P13)考点释义get through(用电话)接通;顺利通过;完成;度过,熬过(困难时期等);用完,消耗掉I called all day yesterday,but I couldnt get through.昨天我打了一天电话,但没打通。A smile can help us get through difficult situations.微笑能帮助我们度过困境。She got through the exam.她顺利通过了考试。发散思维 He is disappointed at not getting the job,but hell get o
40、ver it.他没有得到这份工作非常失望,不过他会想开的。活学活用从get through,get over,get down to和get.across中选择正确的词组并用其适当形式填空(1)Hardly could he this amount of work in such a short time.(2)So far they their shortcomings and mistakes in their work.(3)Having gathered some information about the accident,they its re-al causes.(4)He ha
41、s his meaning to the audience.答案(1)get through 句意:在这么短的时间内他几乎无法完成这么多的工作。(2)have got over 句意:到目前为止,他们已克服了工作中的缺点和错误。(3)got down to 句意:搜集了关于这起事故的一些资料以后,他们开始认真研究发生事故的真正原因。(4)got;across 句意:他把自己的意思给听众讲清楚了。12 be based onFriendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support,but frien
42、dships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上,而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。(教材原句P18)考点释义be based on以为基础,以为根据Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packag-ing they produce is usually based on money.政府要求生产商对他们生产的产品包装负责的鼓励办法通常是以钱为基础
43、的。(2015 江苏 阅读理解B)This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.这表明英国人对口音的态度有很深的根源,并且建立在等级偏见的基础之上。(2015 广东 阅读理解D)发散思维 活学活用完成句子on the basis of ,on a daily/regular basis/在的基础上 根据每天 经常(1)理论的基础是实践,反过来理论又为实践服务。Theory practice and in turn serves practi
44、ce.(2)我的希望是以我们昨天所得到的消息为根据的。I the news we had yesterday.(3)以一次不记名投票为基础的预测结果准确吗?Is it accurate to predict the result one secret vote?答案(1)is based on(2)base my hope on(3)on the basis of13 regardless ofThe qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same,regardless of th
45、e basis of these friendships.无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么,他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。(教材原句P18)考点释义regardless of不管,不顾We can freely exchange opinions and ideas around here,regardless of rank rela-tionships.我们在这里可以自由地交换观点和想法,不用考虑等级关系。发散思维in/with regard to in this regardin spite of(despite),关于在这方面尽管 虽然 不管I have nothing fur
46、ther to say in this regard.在这一点上,我没什么要说的了。The companys position with regard to overtime is made clear in their contracts.公司关于加班的立场在合同中有明确说明。活学活用完成句子(1)这个国家的所有人都应享有同样的权利,不管他们的宗教信仰、种族或性别是什么。Everyone in this country should enjoy the same right religion,raceor sex.句型转换(2)No matter what his parents think
47、,he is going to leave home.=what his parents think,he is going to leave home.(3)We will continue the race,regardless of the bad weather.=We will continue the race,the bad weather.答案(1)regardless of(2)Regardless of(3)in spite of 高分靓句例句:不顾自己伤得很厉害,这位老妇人眼中充满爱意地抬头看着Tenyson,并朝他微微一笑。Regardless of being bad
48、ly hurt,the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.(2014 陕西 完形填空)仿写:有些人做事不顾后果。答案Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.14 end upI ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.最终我回到火车站,在候车室里度过了
49、当天余下的时光。(教材原句P19)考点释义 end up,end up with/in/as.,end up doing sth最后成为 最终处于以结束 以告终以做某事而告终Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold backAt first he refused to accept any responsibility but he
50、ended up apologizing.起初他拒绝承担任何责任但他最终还是道歉了。发散思维be at an endat the end e to an end,draw to an end,put an end to,结束在的结尾结束 终止终结 结束结束 使终止the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to“keep up withthe Joneses”.成年人有时候会倍感压力去为他们所工作的公司掩盖非法活动,否则最终被债务缠身,因为为了与他人攀比,他们无力阻止自己的欲望,而去购买无法承担的房屋或
51、汽车。(2014 江苏 任务型阅读)活学活用完成句子(1)最终你可能会有像宇航员所说的“二氧化碳式”头痛。You can what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.(2)聚会以一首歌曲而结束。The party a song.(3)如果你继续偷东西,你将会以坐牢而告终。If you continue to steal,you will prison.答案(1)end up with(2)ended up with(3)end up in15 rely on/uponFriendship means having someone I can r
52、ely on.友谊意味着我有人可以依靠。(教材原句P19)考点释义 No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.没有人能说哪一种品牌(的鞋子)最适合你或最合脚,因此购物时,你得靠你的经验和对每双鞋的感觉买鞋子。(2015 课标全国 七选五)Even if contact were eventually established,as
53、tronomers would not be able to relyon language to communicate with other beings.即使最终建立了联系,天文学家也无法依靠语言与其他生物交流。Dont rely on me seeing you off.别指望我为你送行。发散思维活学活用完成句子(1)治疗时间的长短取决于疾病的严重程度。The length of the treatment the severity of the illness.句型转换(2)You cant rely on the weather being fine for anything yo
54、u plan in England.=You cant the weather fine for anything you plan inEngland.(3)The team was counting on Joe to win the race.=The team was Joe to win the race.答案(1)depends on(2)count/depend on;to be 句意:你在英国安排任何活动都别指望一定会有好天气。(3)relying/depending on 句意:这个队指望乔赢得比赛。高分靓句例句:依靠自己的努力,我赢得了比赛。Relying on my ow
55、n effort,I won the game.仿写:你任何事情都可以信任约翰,他是一个说话算数的人。答案You may rely on John in any case.He is a man of his word.v.-ing作伴随状语When he comes back three and a half hours later,theyre still sitting on the sofa,continuing the same conversation on the same topic.当他三个半小时后回来时,她们仍然坐在沙发上,继续聊着同样的话题。(教材原句P18)考点释义本句
56、中continuing the same conversation on the same topic是v.-ing形式在句中作伴随状语。The park was full of people,enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里到处是人,大家在阳光下玩得快乐极了。发散思维v.-ing形式除了作伴随状语外,还可表示时间、原因、条件和结果等,通常可以改为相应的从句或并列句。Walking along the street,he met his old friend.=When he was walking along the street,he met
57、his old friend.沿着街道漫步时,他遇到了他的一个老朋友。Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.=Because she hadnt received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.由于没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。Seeing it from the top of the hill,you will find the city more beautiful.=If you see it from the top of
58、the hill,you will find the city more beautiful.从山顶看,你会发现这座城市更美。活学活用单句填空(1)The 2014 APEC was held in Beijing in November,(cover)issues of economy,development and reform in Asia-Pacific areas.完成句子(2)他们尽管了解这一切,还是要求我们在10天之内完成任务。all this,they asked us to finish the task in ten days.(3)他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。He sat in the armchair,the newspaper.(4)他的父母在战争中死亡,他成了孤儿。His parents died in the war,him an orphan.答案(1)covering 考查非谓语动词。句意:2014年APEC峰会于十一月在北京举行,包括亚太地区的经济、发展和改革问题。covering作伴随状语。(2)Knowing(3)reading(4)leaving