1、考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题段落大意类Passage 1(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)The world is getting greener,according to a new study published in Nature this week.Chi Chen,lead author of the study,and his colleagues have been mining data collected by an orbiting NASA camera that monitors green vegetation on Earths surface,day by day.E
2、ven more interesting:They are able to show the exact causes of increasing or decreasing leaf cover in particular areas.In some cold places,increase in leaf cover apparently resulted from global warming.Since the climate is becoming more and more temperate and the growing season is getting longer and
3、 longer,the plants are growing bigger and leafier there.“One large area of Brazil lost vegetation.I personally checked the data,and thats because of lack of rain,” Chen said.The most striking changes,though,were the result of human decisions in China and India.Both countries have been getting a lot
4、greener.The greening of India,Chen says,comes from a huge expansion of irrigated agriculture.“Instead of having just crops when its raining,they also have a whole six months of cropping and greenness when its not raining,” he says.“This version of greening isnt really so great for the environment,th
5、ough.The irrigation drains groundwater,vegetation is wiped away at harvest time and the extra chemicals farmers use produce greenhouse gases.”In China,though,about half of the new leaf cover that Chen detected appears to be the result of a massive reforestation effort.Its a government-supported atte
6、mpt to prevent disastrous dust storms that resulted from earlier deforestation.“They are really doing a good job,” Chen says.“They have a large and comprehensive tree-planting program.Those trees will stay in place,capturing(捕捉) dust and also CO2,the greenhouse gas.Theyll store it in wood,roots and
7、soil,doing their part to slow global warming.”1.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “temperate” in paragraph 3?A.Warm.B.Wet.C.ColdD.Dry.2.What has led to the decrease of leaf cover in the Brazilian area?A.Tree cutting.B.Dry weather.C.Seasonal harvest.D.Desertification.3.How does
8、 Chi Chen probably feel about the greening in India?A.Excited.B.Puzzled.C.Worried.D.Annoyed.4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The benefits of tree planting.B.The harm of global warming.C.The costs of greening in China.D.The cause of greening in China.Passage 2(2022吉林延边一模)Many people have w
9、arm memories of playing games while growing up.Do you remember running around outside as a child playing rock-paper-scissors?You may not have realized it,but games are a very important part of life.During prehistoric times,humans would play a game called Knucklebones.To play Knucklebones,the players
10、 would balance small objects like sheep ankle bones on the top of their hands,toss(抛掷) them into the air,and then try to catch as many as possible.But why do people love games so much?They are fun to play,but that isnt the only reason.For most,games are “like chocolate:a guilty pleasure consumed sec
11、retly”,Canadian-American game designer Sid Meier said,“They have a series of interesting choices.” The rock-paper-scissors game is just an example.In every turn,people make a judgment,which is often based on their personalities and past experiences.“Navigating these choices shapes the course of play
12、,revealing who we are and how we think,” The New York Times noted.“Playing a game is an act of exposition(展示).”Games such as this require a faster way of thinking than in everyday life.But interestingly,when the game is over,the players can switch out of a competition mode quickly and return to norm
13、al.“It separates a game from reality,”Sam Von Ehren of The New York Times wrote.“We can enter and exit the magic circle freely.”Games can also be used to help improve critical thinking skills.Just take Go as an example.Go is a game that was made in ancient China,and it is still even played today.Eve
14、n though we dont exactly know how Go started,many researchers think it was invented to help teach tactics and strategy skills.Even today,games are being used to help solve real-world problems.These types of games are called serious games,and they are used to help find solutions to problems in fields
15、 such as education and healthcare,among others.Perhaps playing games helps us to think outside the box in a fun and interesting way.5.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A.The way to play Knucklebones.B.The development of Knucklebones.C.The popularity of Knucklebones.D.The objects of Knucklebones.6
16、.What can we say about the rock-paper-scissors game?A.It is a game of eating chocolate.B.It shows the players personalities.C.The way of thinking is a necessary rule.D.Judgments decide the players past experiences.7.What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 mean?A.Awareness.B.Emotion.C.Politeness
17、.D.Method.8.What can we infer about games?A.Games are nothing but fun and interesting.B.Games are serious in the world of adults.C.Playing games may encourage creativity.D.We should play games while solving problems.Passage 3(2022江西九江二模)A new study warns 1,500 endangered languages could no longer be
18、 spoken by the end of this century.The study,led by The Australian National University(ANU),identified predictors that put endangered languages at high risk.Co-author Professor Lindell Bromham said that of the worlds 7,000 recognized languages,around half were currently endangered.“We found that wit
19、hout immediate intervention,language loss could triple in the next 40 years.And by the end of this century,1,500 languages could cease to be spoken.”Their study finds the widest range of factors ever putting endangered languages under pressure.One finding was that more years of schooling increased t
20、he level of language endangerment.The researchers say it shows we need to build curricula that support bilingual education,promoting both native language proficiency as well as use of regionally-dominant languages.“Across the 51 factors or predictors we investigated,we also found some really unexpec
21、ted and surprising pressure points.This included road density,” Professor Bromham said.He added,“Contact with other local languages is not the problem.But we found that the more roads there are,connecting the country to cities,and villages to towns,the higher the risk of languages being endangered.I
22、ts as if roads are helping dominant(主导的) languages steam roll over other smaller languages.”Professor Bromham said the studys findings were a vital reminder that more action was urgently needed to preserve at-risk languages.He added,“When a language is lost,or is sleeping as we say for languages tha
23、t are no longer spoken,we lose so much of our human cultural diversity.Every language is brilliant in its own way.Many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have fluent speakers,so there is still the chance to invest in supporting communities to bring native languages back to life
24、 and keep them strong for future generations.”9.Which suggestion is mentioned to save the endangered languages?A.Setting up bilingual courses.B.Avoiding building more roads.C.Opening more local schools.D.Contacting different languages.10.What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3?A.Some exac
25、t examples for the new research.B.Detailed ways to help dominant languages.C.Different factors to brighten at-risk languages.D.Elements to make endangered languages at risk.11.Whats Bromhams attitude towards saving at-risk languages?A.Indifferent.B.Hopeless.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.12.What can be th
26、e best title for the text?A.1,500 endangered languages at high risk.B.A new study concerning dominant languages.C.Reasons putting languages under pressure.D.Some good ways to save endangered languages.考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题段落大意类Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Chi Chen及同事利用在轨卫星的地面监控数据分析全球绿地面积的变化。1.A解析 词义猜测题。根
27、据画线词前“In some cold places,increase in leaf cover apparently resulted from global warming.”及后面的“and the growing season is getting longer and longer,the plants are growing bigger and leafier there”可知,植物长得越来越大,叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖。因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”,故选A项。2.B解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I personally checked the data,an
28、d thats because of lack of rain”可知,巴西地区树叶覆盖的减少是因为天气干燥。3.C解析 推理判断题。根据第六段中“This version of greening isnt really so great.use produce greenhouse gases.”可知,过度耕种会对环境造成负面影响。由此推知,Chi Chen对印度的过度耕作所造成的绿地面积增加感到担心。4.D解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“In China,though,about half.resulted from earlier deforestation.”可知,最后一段主要讲的是中
29、国的绿化事业。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玩游戏的好处。5.A解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“To play Knucklebones,the players would.and then try to catch as many as possible.”可知,第二段主要讲的是玩Knucklebones这个游戏的方法,即The way to play Knucklebones。6.B解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The rock-paper-scissors game is just an example.Playing a game is an act
30、of exposition.”可知,石头剪刀布游戏展示了玩家的个性。7.D解析 词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Games can also be used to help improve critical thinking skills.Just take Go as an example.”和“many researchers think it was invented to help teach”和“and strategy skills”可知,围棋是为了帮助教和“策略技巧”类似的东西,也就是“方法”,因此画线词tactics的意思是“方法”,和method意思相近。8.C解析 推理判断题。根
31、据最后一段中“Perhaps playing games helps us to think outside the box in a fun and interesting way.”可推断出,玩游戏也许会激发创造力。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,到本世纪末,1500种濒临灭绝的语言将不再被使用,如果不立即进行干预,语言丧失将在未来40年增加两倍。9.A解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The researchers say it shows.use of regionally-dominant languages.”可知,拯救濒危语言的建议是开设双语课程。10.D解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容,尤其是第一句“Their study finds the widest range of factors ever putting endangered languages under pressure.”可知,第三段主要讲的是这些造成语言濒临灭绝的因素。11.C解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Many of the languages predicted.strong for future generations.”推知,布罗姆对拯救濒危语言持乐观的态度。
