1、专题限时集训(四)推理判断之推测隐含信息A (2020武汉市部分学校质量监测)Almost every new parent will say adding a baby to a household can also add stress to a career. Now，a new study backs that up with some astonishing numbers：After science，technology，engineering，and mathematics(STEM) professionals become parents，43% of women and 2
2、3% of men switch fields, make a transition(转变) to parttime workers，or leave the workforce entirely.Many researchers and parents already knew that STEM can be unwelcoming to parents，particularly mothers.“But the considerable departure was astonishing，”says Erin Cech，an assistant professor of sociolog
3、y at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and the lead author of the study，published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.For both genders，the proportions are higher than we expected.“The surprisingly high reduction rate for men also highlights that parenthood in STEM is not just a
4、mothers issue；its a workers issue，”Cech says.She hopes that the findings might promote changes，such as more paid parental leave from both the government and employers and policies that better support flexible work time without a tight routine.“We are not suggesting that people who want families shou
5、ld avoid STEM；thats not the solution，”she emphasizes.By 2018，78% of new fathers were still working in STEM，and the vast majority worked fulltime.For new mothers，68% were still in STEM，but only 57% worked fulltime.For professionals without children，on the other hand，84% of men and 76% of women were p
6、redicted to still be working in STEM fulltime in 2018.For the new parents across all fields，16% of women were working parttime and 15% had left the workforce，as compared with just 2% and 3%，respectively，for men.These sharp differences make it clear that even though the reduction rate for new fathers
7、 is higher than expected，new mothers still face particular career challenges.【语篇解读】一项新的研究表明，养育孩子对科学、技术、工程以及数学领域的专业人士的工作有着很大的影响。这些领域的很多专业人士，尤其是女性，因为养育孩子而不再从事本领域的工作，或转为兼职或离职。因此，研究者希望该研究结果能促进变革，如政府和雇主给更长的带薪育儿假，政策也应该支持弹性工作时间。1What makes many STEM employees change their jobs?AWorrying about their family.
8、BThe attraction of parttime jobs.CBeing tired of the former jobs.DThe heavy burden at home and work.D考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Almost every new parent will say adding a baby to a household can also add stress to a career”并结合常识和该段的其他内容可推知，养育孩子增加了科学、技术、工程以及数学领域的专业人士的压力，由于沉重的家庭压力和工作压力，他们被迫换工作，故D项正确。2Which stateme
9、nt may Erin Cech agree with?AWorking at home may be a popular choice.BIncreasing welfare may keep STEM parents.CPeople with families should leave STEM.DSTEM professionals should obey the rules.B考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“She hopes that the findings might promote changes, such as more paid parental leave from bo
10、th the government and employers and policies that better support flexible work time without a tight routine”可知，Cech希望这些研究结果能促进变革，比如政府和雇主能给予职工更长的带薪育儿假，出台更支持弹性工作时间的政策。据此可推知，Cech支持提高在科学、技术、工程以及数学领域工作的父母的福利待遇，故B项正确。3How many new mothers among all the labor force worked fulltime in 2018?A69%. B76%. C57%.
11、D31%.A考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For the new parents across all fields, 16% of women were working parttime and 15% had left the workforce”可知，就所有领域的新生儿父母而言，16%的女性从事兼职工作，15%的女性已经离开了工作岗位。据此可知，2018年69%的新生儿母亲从事全职工作，故A项正确。4What does the author want to stress by listing the sharp differences?AToo many new fathers lea
12、ve STEM.BIts hard for new mothers to make a balance.CSTEM jobs are no longer popular.DIts impossible to have a successful career.B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的最后两句可知，就所有领域的新生儿父母而言，16%的女性从事兼职工作，15%的女性已经离开了工作岗位。这两种情况在男性中的比例分别只有2%和3%，这些明显的差异表明尽管新生儿父亲兼职或离职率高于预期，但新生儿母亲仍然面临着特别的职业挑战。据此可推知，作者列举这些明显的差异，旨在强调新生儿母亲很难平衡工作和家庭，
13、故B项正确。BThe world can be a scary place when youre young.It can be even scarier when youre a young little blue penguin(企鹅)，the tiniest of the penguin species.Luckily，there are some humans willing to help.They stepped in to protect Billy，a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch，New Zeala
14、nd.Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay，near Sumner，in Christchurch，the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd.Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon，and he biked home to get his camera.When he returned to the scene，he found that the penguin ha
15、d received a little sign，one that read“Hi，Im waiting for my mum to come back.DOC(Department of Conservation) knows Im here.Please leave me alone.Keep your dog away.Thanks，Billy the baby blue penguin.”Billy didnt move away from the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy，though the
16、y were surprised to see it on the beach.“Its unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day，”Anita Spencer，a DOC senior ranger，told Stuff.Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.Volunteers believe the bird m
17、ay actually be a female penguin，and is around 2 months old.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams，less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding i
18、t fish juice，before its set free into the ocean.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。5Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin?AIt is a rare species.BIt faces potential danger.CIt is surrounded by the crowd.DIt is threatened by dogs.B考查推理判断。 根据第二段的内容，尤其是“Please leave me alone. Keep your dog
19、away”可知，当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖立了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它，不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知，对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲，这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。6It can be inferred from the text that Billy Ais a male penguinBhas expressed its thanksCweighs less for its ageDprefers living on the beachC考查推理判断。根据第四段中第三、四句可知，这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克，而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知
20、，这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。7Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?AIgnored.BCured.CGiven away.DBrought back.D考查词义猜测。根据第四段第一句可知，这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知，画线词与brought back“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。8What will happen to Billy in the center?AIt will be rep
21、orted to Stuff.BIt will be visited by the locals.CIt will be taken good care of.DIt will be fed with fruit juice.C考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前，康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知，在这个企鹅康复中心，这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。C (2019湖南省六校联考)Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet，it also increases poll
22、ution and wastes energy and water.Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin，meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.Recently，Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.It is a convenient，clear water bottle that can either be d
23、runk or eaten.To drink it，you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth.To eat it，you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving wi
24、th a very wet truck.However，they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane.It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons，music festivals，and sporting events，where tons of plastic bottles are used，and frequently left behind as litter.
25、And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment，which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho；they have recently applied for a patent for their new advancement.T
26、he price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet，but they cost about two cents to create a unit，which is cheaper than plastic bottles.It has appeared at events in London，San Francisco，Boston，at conferences，festivals，and so on.Ooho is catching many peoples attention and has
27、 raised over $1 million and gained 1，000 investors in only three days.It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumers interest when the production machine is running.It is quickly making a rise，so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用
28、不但浪费金钱，还造成环境污染，Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的食用方法，运输方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市场前景。9How is most plastic dealt with in America?AIts sold.BIts recycled.CIts buried.DIts wasted.D考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国只有23%的塑料最终回到了回收站，这意味着价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知，在美国，大部分塑料被当成垃圾处理了，故D项正确。10Why did the team invent Ooho?
29、ATo make a profit for a company.BTo protect the environment.CTo make people eat as they drink.DTo reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.B考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句可知，由于塑料瓶的使用污染了环境，故Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho，故B项正确。11What can we infer about Ooho from the text?AIt is easy and safe to ship it in large am
30、ounts.BIt has become popular since it began to be sold.CIt might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.DIt cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.C考查推理判断。根据第三段第二句可知，该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低；据此可推知，该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低，故C项正确。12What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?AOoho is to be a success in the future.BOoho is being supported by smart people.COoho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.DOoho is being produced to attract more investors.A考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句可知，Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在三天时间内就得到了1 000位投资者的关注，筹集到100多万美元；再结合最后一句可推知，作者最后一段想要表达的是，在未来Ooho一定能获得成功，故A项正确。
