1、考点分类练(六)推理判断题文章出处类A(2022广东汕头高三一模)When Zhu Caiping,73,was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago,she found that anxiety,depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life.It was not until last year,after she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant s
2、erver,that her situation began to improve dramatically.The restaurant in Shanghai where she works is the Forget Me Not Cafe.It shares the goal of providing job opportunities for elderly people who have Alzheimers disease or other cognitive impairments.“I provide basic services for guests,such as pou
3、ring water,serving and taking orders.I can now remember all the dishes on the menu,” said Zhu,who has come to the restaurant three times a week since February and works three hours a day.“The colleagues take good care of us.They never allow us to deliver hot dishes such as soups.The guests are also
4、very tolerant of us,because sometimes we make mistakes.”Because of memory loss,Zhu writes down all the information she wants to remember on sticky notes,such as the names of the volunteers and teachers as well as English words.“People with cognitive impairment actually refuse and fear to communicate
5、 with society but this will worsen their condition,” she added.“With the weakening of brain function,they may gradually lose memory and the ability to take care of themselves and might even see the loss of emotions.” In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly,information about cognitive im
6、pairment and Alzheimers disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.As China faces an aging population,the increasing number of seniors with cognitive impairment has become a significant social issue.“We should feel luc
7、ky that the whole society is concerned about the seniors,especially for people like us.The neighborhood committee always checks on our situation and watches for other elderly people with symptoms,” Zhu said.1.What can we know about Zhu Caiping?A.She always made mistakes at work.B.She made efforts to
8、 be equal to the job.C.She was a full-time restaurant server in a Shanghai caf.D.She was one of those suffering from severe cognitive impairment.2.How might people with cognitive impairment feel?A.Forgetful and upset.B.Anxious but lucky.C.Tolerant and careful.D.Indifferent but energetic.3.Why is inf
9、ormation about cognitive impairment posted outside the restaurant?A.To provide treatment for the sick.B.To seek approval from the citizens.C.To offer the elderly job opportunities.D.To equip people with relevant knowledge.4.In which section of a newspaper the passage most likely be found?A.Health.B.
10、Society.C.Culture.D.Business.B(2022广东广州高三调研测试)If you have trouble falling asleep,listen up.You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime.To understand why,you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature
11、and sleep.During daylight hours,the human body has an average temperature of 37.But your core body temperature drops as much as 1.2 over one nights sleep.This gradual decrease is a key part of how we sleep.Put simply,the faster you can lower your core body temperature,the faster you will fall asleep
12、.One way that your body controls its temperature is through blood vessels(血管) in the skin.If your body is too hot,your blood vessels widen,pushing the warmer blood nearer the skins surface,helping it to cool.If your body is too cold,the opposite happens.Your blood vessels narrow,restricting the flow
13、 of blood to the surface.The palms of your feet are one of your bodys most efficient heat exchangers,since they are hairless and less protected than other skin surfaces.Researchers have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes blood vessel
14、 widening,which in turn lowers the bodys core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold,bare feet.Scientists suspect that socked feet have a sleep-benefiting effect on the brain as well.The warm-sensitive neurons(神经元) in the brain become more active when theres a temperature difference betwee
15、n the bodys core and the feet.Researchers have found that these neurons become more active as we get sleepy and slow down as we wake up,so that warming up the feet before bedtime may give them an extra drive,making you feel sleepier.In a small study,researchers found that wearing a pair of special “
16、sleeping socks” not only sped up the coming of sleep,but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half.If youre worried about becoming too warm,look for socks made of natural fibers.5.In which section of a newspaper can we find this text?A.Adverti
17、sement.B.Lifestyle.C.Opinion.D.Trend.6.What change does warm feet bring to the body?A.Slowed brain reaction.B.Narrowed blood vessels.C.Reduced core body temperature.D.Decreased blood pressure.7.How might the brains warm-sensitive neurons help sleep?A.They might help to warm up the feet.B.They might
18、speed up temperature growth.C.They might slow down the brains blood flow.D.They might bring on sleepiness when activated.8.What is the finding of the small study mentioned in the last paragraph?A.The warmth of socks depends on their material.B.People wearing socks fall asleep 50 percent faster.C.Spe
19、cial socks increase temperature more effectively.D.Sock wearing helps people sleep longer and wake less.C(2022江淮十校高三第三次联考)By being able to wait for better food,cuttlefish showed self-control thats linked to the higher intelligence.It was part of an experiment by Alex Schnell from the University of C
20、ambridge and colleagues.“What surprised me most was the level of self-control shown by cuttlefish,” she tells Weekend Edition.The experiment was essentially a take on the classic “marshmallow(棉花软糖)” experiment from the 1960s.In that experiment,young children were presented with one marshmallow and t
21、old that if they can resist eating it for several minutes,they will get two marshmallows.But if they eat it,thats all they get.The children who are able to delay satisfaction do better on tests and are more successful later in life.To adapt the experiment for cuttlefish,the researchers first figured
22、 out the cuttlefishs favorite food:live grass shrimp;and their second-favorite food:a piece of king prawn.Instead of choosing one or two marshmallows,the cuttlefish had to choose either their favorite food or second-favorite food.Each of the food items was placed in a clear box within their tank.One
23、 box would open immediately,while the other box would only open after a delay.It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation(诱惑) of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.The cuttlefish learned to wait.“Animals like rats and pigeons find it difficult to resist
24、 temptation,only waiting for several seconds,” Schnell says,“while animals such as chimpanzees and parrots show more advanced self-control and wait up to several minutes.And the cuttlefish in our study waited up to between 50 to 130 seconds.”Animals that are able to exercise self-control in this way
25、 have advantages.For example,animals can hide food to eat later.In cuttlefish,Schnell thinks the delayed satisfaction relates to their lifestyle.“Individuals who wait for better-quality prey could find food more efficiently and limit their exposure to predators(捕食者),”Schnell writes.9.Why does the wr
26、iter mention the experiment conducted in the 1960s?A.To highlight the intelligence of humans.B.To offer statistics to the experiment for cuttlefish.C.To show the differences between humans and animals.D.To provide supporting background information for the following experiment.10.What can we learn ab
27、out the experiment for cuttlefish from the passage?A.The box with cuttlefishs favorite food wouldnt open instantly.B.The cuttlefish had to choose between the food they liked and disliked.C.Cuttlefish could not wait to eat their favourite food immediately.D.The food was put at the same place for cutt
28、lefish to choose from.11.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Cuttlefish is probably born with the ability to resist temptation.B.It is a disadvantage for animals to exercise too much self-control.C.Cuttlefish may be less intelligent than Chimpanzees.D.We must take immediate measures to protect c
29、uttlefish.12.Where can we most probably read this text?A.In a personal diary.B.In a travel magazine.C.In a science report.D.In a geography textbook.考点分类练(六)推理判断题文章出处类【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位患有轻度认知障碍的老人通过在餐馆服务使病情得到改善的故事。文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人。1.B解析: 细节理解题。由第三段中的“I provide basic services for guests,s
30、uch as pouring water,serving and taking orders.I can now remember all the dishes on the menu”和第四段中的“Zhu writes down all the information she.”可知,她在努力去胜任这个服务员的工作,故选B项。2.B解析: 细节理解题。由第一段中的“she found that anxiety,depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life”和最后一段中的“We should feel
31、 lucky that the whole society is concerned about the seniors,especially for people like us.”可知,患有认知障碍的人常会感到焦虑,但同时也感到幸运,因为有全社会的关心,故选B项。3.D解析: 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly,information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease is posted on a board outside
32、the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.”可知,张贴有关认知障碍的信息是为了帮助人们了解这些病的相关内容,故选D项。4.B解析: 推理判断题。通读全文并可知,本文讲述一位老人通过在餐馆服务使病情得到改善的故事,文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人,属于社会层面的话题,应出现在报纸的社会栏目,故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家们的一个新的研究发现穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠。5.B解析: 推理判断题。由全文可知,作者介绍了专家的研究发现
33、,告诉大家“穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠”,由此推知本文最可能出现在报纸的“生活方式”板块,故选B项。6.C解析: 细节理解题。由第四段中的“warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes blood vessel widening,which in turn lowers the bodys core temperature”可知,暖脚带给身体的变化是“体核温度降低”,故选C项。7.D解析: 细节理解题。由题干中“brains warm-sensitive neuro
34、ns”将答案定位在第五段,根据 “these neurons become more active as we get sleepy and slow down as we wake up,so that warming up the feet before bedtime may give them an extra drive,making you feel sleepier”可知,D项正确。8.D解析: 细节理解题。由“.wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the coming of sleep,but in
35、creased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half.”可知,穿袜子有助于人们睡的时间更长,而醒的时间更少,故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家借鉴经典的儿童棉花糖实验,给乌贼提供最喜欢的和第二喜欢的食物作选择。实验发现乌贼可以抵制诱惑,证明了它们的高智商。9.D解析: 由第二段中的“The experiment was essentially a take on the classic marshmallow experiment from t
36、he 1960s.”可知,下文乌贼的实验借鉴了经典的儿童棉花糖实验,因此作者提及该实验是为后面的实验提供背景信息,故选D项。10.A解析: 由第三段中“One box would open immediately,while the other box would only open after a delay.”这一句,再结合上文可推知,装着乌贼最喜欢食物的箱子不会立即打开,故选A项。11.C解析: 由第一段中的“By being able to wait for better food,cuttlefish showed self-control thats linked to the higher intelligence.”和倒数第二段中的“while animals such as chimpanzees and parrots show more advanced self-control and wait up to several minutes.And the cuttlefish in our study waited up to between 50 to 130 seconds.”可知,黑猩猩和鹦鹉抵制诱惑的时间更长,智商应该更高,故选C项。