1、Section Developing ideas自主学习激发潜能. 课文翻译教材原文教材译文Back to NatureTao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500 years, were polar opposites. And y
2、et they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.回归大自然陶渊明和亨利大卫梭罗都是诗人, 但是一位生活在古代中国,另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看, 这两个人生活在不同的时代, 相隔近一千五百年, 迥然不同。然而, 他们都非常尊重自然, 这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect wi
3、th nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until
4、his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature. 为了重归自然, 两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员, 但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年, 陶渊明辞去了官职, 以表达他对仕途的不满, 用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为
5、五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里, 直到生命的尽头, 他躬耕于田野, 生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出, 尽管生活艰苦, 但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感, 并从大自然中获得了乐趣。While Taos return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreaus was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a s
6、impler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of li
7、fe.”Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活, 但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天, 他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里,专注于自身和写作。他在瓦尔登湖中解释了这样做的原因:“我步入丛林, 是因为我希望自由地生活, 只面对生活中的基本事实
8、。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Taos nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful
9、life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: 尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同, 但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄, 换句话说, 是田园。他的动物们都是家养的, 比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活, 与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比, 是对压抑的官场生活的批判:Beyond the dark and distance lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barkin
10、g somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.暧暧远人村,依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树颠。Thoreaus descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himselfto observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thore
11、aus writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy natures gifts, as he describes in his journals: 梭罗在描述自然时, 重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中, 并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服, 动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该
12、与它们和谐共处, 享受大自然的恩赐, 正如他在日记中描述的那样：Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines. 好好度过每一个季节, 呼吸新鲜的空气, 畅饮美酒, 品尝水果,尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。It takes considerable cour
13、age to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In todays modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer
14、 to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 像陶渊明和梭罗那样, 拒绝简单熟悉的事物, 转而尝试亲近大自然, 这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活, 物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界, 他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法, 可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。. 词汇拓展1. evaluate /vljuet/v. 评估, 评价 evaluation /vljuen/n. 估计; 评价2. withdraw /wdr:/v. 退出 withdrawal /wdr: l/n. 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤走
15、; 取款3. depressive /dpresv/adj. 抑郁的 depression /dpren/n. 沮丧; 消沉; 抑郁症 depress /dpres/vt. 使抑郁; 使沮丧; 使萧条4. purity /pjrti/n. 纯洁, 洁净 pure /pjr/adj. 纯的, 纯净的 purify /pjrfa/vt. 净化5. resign /rzan/v. 安于, 使自己顺从于(做某事) resignation /reznen/n. 辞职; 辞职信; 顺从6. reject /rdekt/v. 冷落, 嫌弃; 厌恶 rejection /rdekn/n. 拒绝, 抵制7. d
16、escribe /dskrab/vt.描述, 形容; 把称为 description /dskrpn/n. 描述, 描写8. considerable /knsdrb/adj.相当多(大、重要等)的 consideration /knsdren/n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及 consider /knsd(r)/v.考虑; 认为 considerate /knsdrt/adj.考虑周到的, 体贴的 considering /knsdr/prep.考虑到, 鉴于, 就而言9. opposed /pzd/adj. 反对的; 对立的 oppose /pz/vt. 反对, 抵制, 阻
17、挠; 与竞争 opposite /pst/adj. 相反的; prep. 在的对面10. ease /i: z/n. 舒适, 悠闲 easement /i: zmnt/n. 安逸; 安乐. 情境词块1.be opposed to 反对 2.focus on 关注 3.aim to 目的 4.in return 作为回报 5.reaction to 反应 6.对比 in contrast to 7.顺从 resign oneself to 8.从退出 withdraw from 9.闲适 at ease 10.与自然和谐的关系 a harmonious relationship with nat
18、ure . 情境佳句1.句型公式while连接并列分句, 表对比教材原句WhileTaos return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreaus was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应, 而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。中文例句汤姆很擅长理科, 而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。句式仿写 While Toms very good at science, his broth
19、er is absolutely hopeless. 2.句型公式现在分词作状语教材原句Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life,seekinga harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. 两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。中文例句他集中精力学习, 没有注意到我进来。句式仿写 Concentrating his attention on his study, he didnt notice m
20、e coming in. 文本互动合作探究文本理解Reading for the details.Choose the best answer according to the text.1.Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court?A.Because he was an influential figure of their day.B.Because he felt conflicted over life at court.C.Because he wanted to work the land.D.Because he lik
21、ed living in a rural area.答案：B2.How did Thoreau feel about his life in the forest?A.Pleased.B.Puzzled.C.Disappointed.D.Bored.答案：A3.What did Thoreau describe in his writings?A.Fields and villages.B.Chickens and dogs.C.Animals and plants.D.Mountains and rivers.答案：C4.What should we do if we want to att
22、ain personal well-being and fulfilment?A.Live closer to nature.B.Increase material desires.C.Walk a lot in the forest.D.Share a respect for nature.答案：A激发思维全程指导背景导学通过本栏目的学习, 经过比较、分析并联系自身实际, 积极探索自然和向自然界学习, 深化对单元主题的理解与认识。文本改写【教材原文】The Meaning of StruggleOne day, a man found the pupa of a butterfly. See
23、ing an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldnt get out. The struggle was too hard for its weak body. The man then
24、kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. But instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterflys survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. With
25、out the struggle, it was too weak to live.In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficult things if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的英文演讲稿。【审题谋篇】【词汇储备】1.愿意做; 为做准备 be ready to do 2.对是有困难的 be hard for 3.打破; 冲破藩篱 breakfree 4.同样地;
26、以同样的方式 in the same way 5.变得强壮 grow strong 【句型运用】1.今天我要做一个关于“奋斗的意义”的演讲。 Today I will give a speech about “The Meaning of Struggle”. 2.曾经有一个人在蛹里看到了一个开口。他意识到蝴蝶就要破茧而出了。 Once a man saw an opening in the pupa and he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. 3.他坐下来看着蝴蝶挣扎, 发现蝴蝶虚弱的身体挣扎得太艰难了, 于是他仁慈地把蛹上
27、的洞扩大, 想让它破开, 结果蝴蝶就死了。 He sat down and watched the butterfly struggle, and found the struggle was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole to break it free, thus leading to its death. 4.蝴蝶必须努力挣脱蛹, 因为这样才能使翅膀和身体茁壮成长。 The struggle to break out of the pupa enabled the butterflys wi
28、ngs and body to grow strong. 5.同样, 我们也需要奋斗才能茁壮成长、生存下去。 Similarly, we also need struggle to grow strong and survive. 6.我们要想展翅飞翔, 就必须经历一些困难。 We must go through some difficulties if we want to spread our wings and fly. 【句式升级】1.用时间状语从句升级句2。 When a man saw an opening in the pupa, he realised that the but
29、terfly was ready to emerge. 2.用分词短语作状语升级句3。 Sitting down and watching the butterfly struggle, he found it was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa to break it free, thus leading to its death. 【串句成文】1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。Good morning, everybody!Today I wi
30、ll give a speech about “The Meaning of Struggle”. When a man saw an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. Sitting down and watching the butterfly struggle, he found it was too hard for its weak body, so he then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa to break it free,
31、 thus leading to its death.The struggle to break out of the pupa enabled the butterflys wings and body to grow strong. Similarly, we also need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficulties if we want to spread our wings and fly.Thanks for your attention!实战演练假设你是李华, 你们学校要举
32、行一个主题为“Nature is our best teacher”的英语作文比赛, 请根据你对下图的理解用英语写一篇参赛文章, 内容包括:1. 简要描述图画内容;2. 概述图画内容对你的启示。注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。解析：写作指导体裁议论文人称第一、三人称时态以一般现在时为主要点第一段: 介绍图画, 引出主题第二段: 图画内容的启示答案：高分范文Nature is often regarded as our best teacher, so its not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. If we
33、 carefully observe and study it, we will take inspiration from it. As the picture shows, there are two birds, one sleeping while the other with a worm in its mouth. This presents a well-known Chinese idiom: The early bird catches the worm.The idiom reminds us of the importance of diligence. Also, it
34、 is a metaphor that preparation plays an important role on the road to success. Opportunities are always for those prepared minds. Only when we are well-prepared can we make achievements, attaining our goals.高级短语及句式1. be regarded as 被当作2. take inspiration from从中获得灵感3. Nature is often regarded as our
35、 best teacher, so its not surprising for us to draw wisdom from it. 大自然常常被认为是我们最好的老师, 所以我们从大自然中汲取智慧并不奇怪。4. Only when we are well-prepared can we make achievements, attaining our goals. 只有当我们准备充分, 我们才能取得成就, 达到我们的目标。新知清障素养构建核心词汇1. withdraw v. 退出Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, s
36、eeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. (教材P57)两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。典例翻译The general decided to withdraw his soldiers. 那位将军决定撤军。 He failed to withdraw his remarks and apologize. 他既没收回言论, 也没道歉。 He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to
37、injury. 由于受伤, 他不得不退出比赛。 You can withdraw money from the bank at any time. 您可以随时从银行提款。 归纳拓展（1）从退出, 撤回 withdraw from 从银行取款 withdraw money from the bank 收回发言 withdraw a remark （2） withdrawal n. 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤退; 撤走; 取款学以致用单句填空Tell the men to withdraw from their new position.Id like to withdraw 1,000 doll
38、ars from my savings account and put it in my cheque account.He has made several withdrawals （withdrawal）from his bank account.It is still unknown how many troops Israel will withdraw at the current stage and when it will finish a complete withdrawal . （withdraw）2. resign v. 使自己顺从于（做）某事; 安于; 辞职; 辞去（工
39、作、职位等） Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. （教材P57）好好度过每一个季节, 呼吸（新鲜的）空气, 畅饮（美）酒, 品尝水果, 尽情享受这一切。 典例翻译Wilberforce then resigned from the government in 1825 and died in 1833. 威尔伯福斯于1825年从政府辞职,1833年去世。 My fath
40、er resigned his position last year. 我的父亲去年辞去了职务。 In no situation shall we resign ourselves to our fate. 在任何情况下, 我们都不能听天由命。 The mother was unwilling to resign the child to the care of her relatives. 那位母亲不愿意把自己的孩子交给亲戚照看。 归纳拓展从辞职 resign from 辞去职务 resign ones post/position 听任/顺从/只好接受（做）某事 resign oneself
41、 to （doing）sth. 把托付给 resignto 学以致用（1）单句填空I resign my son to your care while I am away.You must resign yourselves to waiting （wait）a bit longer.She resigned from the committee because she needed to take care of her disabled husband.（2）单句写作罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了, 他不得不自己打字。（2020天津卷, 单项选择） Dr. Rowan, whose secre
42、tary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 3. ease n. 舒适, 放松, 悠闲 vt. 减轻（痛苦、忧虑）; 缓和In todays modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. （教材P57）在今天这个现代世界里, 他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想
43、法, 可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足更近一步。典例翻译The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile-its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. 最通用的面部表情当然是微笑其作用是表示快乐和使人感到自在。 My parents are retired and now live a life of ease. 现在, 我的父母都退休了, 过着安闲舒适的生活。 He won first prize in English Spoken Competit
44、ion with ease. 他轻松地获得英语口语竞赛第一名。 She is the kind of person who can always put others at ease. 她是那种总是能让人感觉轻松自在的人。 The plan should ease the traffic jam in the town. 这个计划对城里的交通堵塞情况有所缓解。 归纳拓展舒适; 快活; 自由自在 at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 feel/look at ease 容易地; 毫不费劲地 with ease 使某人感到轻松自在; 使某人安心 put sb. at ease 学以致用（1）单句填
45、空He handed her a cup of coffee to put her at ease.Now he can put his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease.（2）单句写作我们每天穿着校服感到轻松自在。（2019江苏卷, 书面表达） We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. 4. evaluate v. 评估, 评价A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or
46、more topics. （教材P58）比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。 典例翻译I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力。 The school has only been open for six months, so its hard to evaluate its success now. 该学校仅开办了六个月, 所以现在还很难估计它的成就。 Superiors would evaluate a plainclothesman(便衣警察) on his depen
47、dability. 上级评价一个便衣警察的标准是看他是否忠诚可靠。 The writer made the evaluation of evidential matter in two ways. 作者从两方面对证据进行了评价。 归纳拓展（1）根据评价某人 evaluate sb. on/by （2）evaluation n. 估计; 评价对进行评估 make an evaluation of 学以致用（1）单句填空We must evaluate her ability on/by her work.At present, there exist some problems in the e
48、valuation of teachers. Schools should perfect the means of evaluation . (evaluate)（2）句型转换We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.We must make an evaluation of the consequences caused by the fire.重点句型现在分词作状语Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious rela
49、tionship with nature in the quietness of their lives. (教材P57)两个人都很乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退, 在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。典例翻译My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我的表兄去深圳了, 希望在那儿找份工作。 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息, 他们都高兴得跳了起来。 Living far from the school, I have to get up early every
50、morning. 由于住得离学校远, 我必须每天早起。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。 归纳拓展（1）现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的, 可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。（2）有些分词作状语, 没有逻辑上的主语, 已成为习惯用法: considering, judging from, talking of, allowing f
51、or(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。学以致用单句填空 Assuming (assume)that it is true, what should we do now? Rushing (rush) out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.The child fell, striking (strike) his head against the door.In the last few years, the cou
52、ntry has had a hard time, suffering (suffer) several killer quakes. Judging (judge)by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today.素养达标迁移创新. 语境填词根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。1.Looking at it superficially (表面地), it is a good deal for the three parties.2. Rural (乡村的) people stuck firmly to their old ways and w
53、ere suspicious of anything slightly different.3.Bollywood is a decent (相当好的) refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films.4.Newly-built wooden cottages (乡村小屋) line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland. 5.In the domestic (国内的)market, regions outside Guangdong should
54、be paid increasing attention to.6.Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant (勉强的) to invest in sufficient training for his staff.7.The train to Beijing will depart (离开) from Platform 3 in half an hour.8.The lane (小路) is the boundary between our land and theirs.9.The picture sho
55、ws us atop (在顶上) a high hill.10.He attained (获得) success through hard work. 语境选词根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。in return for; drawfrom; reaction to; withdraw from; resign oneself to; be described as; in other words; in contrast to; devote oneself to; go through1. In contrast to my previous impression, the atmosp
56、here here is not tense at all.2.We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident.3.Id like to treat you to a meal in return for your timely help.4.You cant control what happens but you can control your reaction to it.5.John withdrew from school a year before he graduated due to the inciden
57、t of his home.6.All the trials you go through will increase your independence, teach you a lesson and give you a wonderful7.She was not a woman who resigned herself to fate, so she gained respect from others.8.With the final exam approaching, we should limit our time on the WeChat and devote ourselv
58、es to our study.9.Venice has long been described as one of the most romantic cities in the world.10.They asked him to leave; in other words , he was fired. 课文语法填空Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1. (share) an intense respect for nature. Conf
59、licted over life at court, in 405, Tao quit the service of the court for good, 2. (express) his unhappiness in his poems, finding contentment in simplicity and drawing pleasure from nature. 3. (similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way, focusing on 4. (him) and his writing. While they did no
60、t treat nature in quite the same way, their 5. (work) show its beauty and value. Taos nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreaus descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6. (pure) of the wild areas around him. The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and crit
61、ical of the depressive court life. On 7. , Thoreaus writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper 8. we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy natures gifts. During their times, it took great courage 9. (reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature. Nowadays, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10. want personal well-being and fulfilment. 1. shared 2. expressing 3. Similarly 4. himself 5. works6. purity 7. the other hand 8. as 9. to reject 10. who
