1、安徽省示范高中培优联盟2020-2021学年高二英语上学期冬季联赛试题（含解析）本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,第I卷第1至第6页,第II卷第7至第8页。全卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。考生注意事项:1.答题前,务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号,并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。2.答第I卷时,每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。3.答第卷时,必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。作图题可先用铅笔在答
2、题卡规定的位置绘出,确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.考试结束,务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第I卷(选择题共100分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分 30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where does the
3、 conversation take place?A. In a restaurant. B. At home. C. In a hotel.2. How much should one pay for a dress if its original price is $ 100?A. $100. B. $75. C. $ 50.3. What does the woman think of the price?A. Too low. B. Reasonable. C. Too high.4. What is the mans attitude toward the woman?A. Angr
4、y. B. Worried. C. Approving.5. Why does the woman learn Spanish?A She will travel to Madrid. B. She will study in Madrid. C. She will move to Madrid.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A.B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7两个小
5、题。6. Why is the woman upset?A. Her laptop broke. B. She lost her laptop. C. Her desktop computer broke.7. What will the woman probably do?A. Repair her laptop. B. Buy a new laptop. C. Buy a desktop computer.听下面一段对话,回答第8和第9两个小题。8. Who got married?A. The mans sister. B. The womans sister. C. Bettys si
6、ster.9. What is Bettys dream?A. To find her true love. B. To find a man to marry. C. To be on top of the world.听下面一段对话,回答第10至12三个小题。10. What does the woman need?A. A hand. B. A project. C. Some tape. .11. What do we know about the two speakers?A. They are both busy. B. They do the same project. C. T
7、hey need to help each other.12. What does the woman think is important?A. Getting out of hand. B. Staying in control. C. Making good preparations.听下面一段对话,回答第13至16四个小题。13. Where is Tom now?A. In the office. B. On the road. C. At a meeting.14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.
8、Colleagues. B. Neighbors. C. Boss and customer.15. What is the man late for?A. An inter view. B. An appointment. C. A meeting.16. Who will the man call next?A. Eric. B. Sue. C. Jacks.听下面一段独白,回答第17至20四个小题。17. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. Ways to learn a language.B. The importance of Eng
9、lish.C. The efficiency of regular study.18. How long do experts suggest studying every day?A. A few hours. B.20 minutes. C.30 minutes.19. What is the recommended way to learn a language?A. One task at a time. B. Several tasks at a time. C. Learn grammar first.20. What will it lead to if one watches
10、TV repeatedly?A. Too much time wasted.B. Progress only in pronunciation.C. A good command of the language.第二部分阅读理 解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读 下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AUnsolved Mysteries About the Planet EarthMystery 1: Where did all the water come from?Water covers 70 p
11、ercent of Earths surface and earns it the nickname “the blue planet”. And where did it come from? The most popular scientific theory states that the water came from several violent asteroids (小行星) filled with ice. Another suggests that the water actually has been around since Earths formation. Howev
12、er it happened, though, its certainly worked out well for Earths life forms.Mystery 2 :What about all the oxygen?Another thing is the planets oxygen. Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product, filling the atmosphere with it. After that, the level of oxygen in Earths atmosphere went wildly up
13、 and down until it finally calmed down around 540 million years ago. Since then, its remained at about the breathable level we experience today. But what caused it to be suddenly steady?Mystery 3: What caused the Cambrian (寒武纪) Explosion?The Cambrian Explosion refers to the explosion of complex life
14、 forms that occurred on Earth about 540 million years ago. Before then, life had consisted mostly of bacteria. But at the beginning of the Cambrian period, complex creatures began developing at a rate never seen before. Suddenly, life forms had brains, eyes, and bones. Most living creatures today ca
15、n trace their blood back to the Cambrian period.Mystery 4: Will we ever be able to predict earthquakes?We still havent been able to come up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes. We can certainly try, but our current technology cannot predict them exactly. We know that earthquakes start when
16、rocks crack underground and send earthquake waves toward the surface, but we havent figured out why that happens, or how to predict it.1. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. Earth is called the blue star because of water coverage.B. The level of oxygen has been steady all the tim
17、e.C. Complex creatures had rapid development after the Cambrian period.D. We know nothing about predicting earthquakes.2. Which of the following is true about Mystery 4?A. It is the oldest mystery of the four.B. It will be solved in the near future.C. It is the most difficult mystery to solve.D. It
18、is a matter that is of practical significance.3. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A geography book.C. A novel.D. A magazine.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球的四个未解之谜。1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章内容第一段“Water covers 70 percent of Earths surface and earns it the nickname “the blue planet”.(水覆盖了地
19、球表面70%的面积，使它获得了“蓝色星球”的称号)”可知，地球是行星，被称为 the blue planet而不是star；根据第二段“After that, the level of oxygen in Earths atmosphere went wildly up and down until it finally calmed down around 540 million years ago.(在那之后，地球大气中的氧气水平剧烈地上下波动，直到大约5.4亿年前才最终平静下来)”可知，氧气的浓度五亿多年前稳定下来；根据最后一段“We still havent been able to
20、come up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes.(我们还没能想出准确预测地震的方法)”可知，我们对地震有一定了解，但还无法准确预测；故ABD 项均有误。根据 Mystery3中“But at the beginning of the Cambrian period, complex creatures began developing at a rate never seen before.(但在寒武纪初期，复杂生物开始以前所未见的速度发展)”可知，生物进化在寒武纪时期后迅速加快。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“We kn
21、ow that earthquakes start when rocks crack underground and send earthquake waves toward the surface, but we havent figured out why that happens ,or how to predict it.(我们知道地震发生在岩石在地下破裂并将地震波传递到地表时，但我们还不知道为什么会发生，也不知道如何预测)”可知，能不能准确地预报地震这个问题具有极其现实的意义，对人类目前来说生死攸关，所以选项D的描述正确。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。综观全文，尤其根据文中的关键词
22、earth和标题“Unsolved Mysteries About the Planet Earth (关于地球的未解之谜)”可推知，此文最有可能来自地理书。故选B。BWhen Stephen Mills spotted a dusty old safe (保险箱) in a museum in Canada, he thought hed try to crack the code (破解密码),just like in the movies. But when he began turning the dial, he wasnt expecting a Hollywood ending.
23、For years, anyone who visited the Vermillion Heritage Museum in Alberta would have passed by a large, black metal box. Staff knew it had come from the longgone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s,but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades- until Mills unexpectedl
24、y cracked the code.Mills,who lived in Fort McMurray, Alberta, was visiting the museum with his family last month over a holiday weekend. As they wandered around the exhibits with the museum guide, Tom Kibblewhite,they spotted the safe.Kibblewhite told the family what he told all other guests: the 90
25、0kg black box with a silver dial had remained closed for generations. For years, the safe has confused volunteers at the museum. The manufacturer was unable to provide advice on how to open its thick door.A locksmith (锁匠) once suggested that years of inactivity might have slowed down the gears, maki
26、ng it inoperable. But Mills, who is a“mechanically-minded person”, asked whether he could give it a try.“Kibblewhite kept saying no one had opened it and that it was a mystery what was inside,”Mills said.“I thought this would be a great thing to do for a laugh for the kids. Maybe they can find some
27、interesting historical things in itlike a time capsule.”After pressing his ear against the cool metal, he began spinning the dial. With numbers ranging from zero to 60,he turned clockwise (顺时针方向地) three times to 20，counter-clockwise two times to 40 ,and then clockwise one time to 60. He was astonish
28、ed to hear a click.“I jumped up and told everyone I m buying a lottery ticket (彩票),”he said.4. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?A. He didnt think he would open the safe.B. The museum trip was like a Hollywood film.C. He didnt want to turn the dial in the beginning.D. It
29、was unbelievable for him to win a lottery ticket in the end.5. What do we know about the safe?A. The dial on the safe was broken.B. It was a donation from a rich businessman.C. It has been long closed since it was brought to the museum.D. It was one of the most valuable exhibits ever in the museum.6
30、. Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To tell people an interesting story.B. To inform people how to open a safe.C. To promote the tourism to a museum.D. To encourage people to learn mechanism.7. What does the story tell us?A. A safe is not always that “safe”.B. Life is just full of sur
31、prise. C. Success is for the prepared ones.D. Everyone can do something great.【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了博物馆一个曾被官方宣布无法打开的保险箱，竟然被游客轻易打开的故事。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“When Stephen Mills spotted a dusty old safe (保险箱) in a museum in Canada, he thought hed try to crack the code (破解密码),just like
32、 in the movies.”可知，当 Stephen Mills 在加拿大的一个博物馆里发现一个满是灰尘的旧保险箱时，他想试试破解密码，“就像电影里演的那样”。再根据第二段“until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.可知，直到 Mills 意外破解了密码。由此可知，“他根本没指望会有个好莱坞式的结局。”指的是他没有想到自己会破解密码，打开保险箱。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ Staff knew it had come from the long-gone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the
33、 museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.”可知，工作人员都知道它来自消失已久的布伦瑞克酒店，是在上世纪 90 年代被捐赠给了博物馆。但它的密码和里面的东西几十年来一直是个谜直到米尔斯意外破解了密码。由此可知，自从它被带到博物馆以来，很长时间都是关闭着的。故选 C。【6题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了博物馆一个曾被官方宣布无法打开保险箱，竟然被游客轻易打开的故事。由此可推断，作者写作本文的目的就
34、是为了给我们介绍一个有趣的故事。故选 A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第二段“Staff knew it had come from the longgone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s,but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades- until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code. ”可知，工作人员都知道它来自消失已久的布伦瑞克酒店，是在上世纪90年代被捐赠给了博物馆。但它的密码和里面的东
35、西几十年来一直是个谜直到米尔斯意外破解了密码。再结合短文主要讲述了博物馆一个曾被官方宣布无法打开的保险箱，竟然被游客轻易打开的故事。由此判断出，故事告诉我们生活充满了惊喜。故选B项。CWith the rapid development of intelligent systems and new-age transit networks,life in the big cities will likely be more efficient and comfortable.After all,more than 60 percent of the worlds population is e
36、xpected to live in cities by 2050 , according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “Internet of things”(IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are alread
37、y using smart technology to improve the lives of residents.But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow an
38、d energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors(传感器)around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark,a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride.Smart cities will be interactive ，allowing their residents to feel
39、like they re truly shaping their environment,instead of merely existing in it.“One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,”said Mrinalini Ingram,head of a telecom company.Smart cities will al
40、so allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water，gas and electricity,city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities
41、 as well.Of course,it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as weve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in smart ways. China, for instance,is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzh
42、ou to make them “smarter”. It wont be long before even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure( 基础设施).8. What calls for the development of smart cities?A. The rapid progress in 5G networks.B. The marked increase in world population.C. The growing number of residents living in cit
43、ies.D. The major concern over the safety of living in cities.9. How does the writer illustrate the way smart cities work?A. By making a contrast.B. By telling a story.C. By listing figures. .D. By giving examples.10. How do smart cities help us to protect the environment?A. By interacting directly w
44、ith our environment.B. By keeping track of the way we usually live.C. By ensuring no emission of air pollutants.D. By educating residents to save resources.11. What is the best title for the text?A. Smart City Closer to Reality.B. The Rise and Fall of Cities.C. How to Save Natural Resources.D. Ways
45、to Feed the World Population.【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科技快速发展催生的智能城市的现状与前景。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段句子“The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart cities”（ 让城市成为这么众多人的更宜居的住所的解决方法就是发展智能城市）可知，发展智能城市是为了众多的人“for so many people”，与选项C的内容“The growin
46、g number of residents living in cities”（住在城市里的居民的数量在增长）一致，故选 C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段句子“In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage
47、are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark,a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride.”（在美国的波士顿和巴尔的摩等城市，智能垃圾桶可以感应到垃圾桶有多满，并在需要清空时通知清洁工人。在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹，交通流量和能源使用受到监控，并根据从城市周围的传感器收
48、集的实时数据进行调整。在丹麦的哥本哈根，一种智能自行车系统可以让骑车者在骑车时检查空气质量和交通状况。）可知，作者例举了美国的 Boston 和 Baltimore 的垃圾箱中的传感器感知垃圾箱是否已满并能通知清洁工什么时候来清空的例子、荷兰阿姆斯特丹的交通车流量情况和能源使用情况由实时的传感器来收集数据的例子和丹麦的哥本哈根智能自行车能检测空气质量与交通状况的例子，共例举了三个国家的具体例子阐明 smart cities的运作方式，故选 D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段句子“Smart cities will be interactive ,allowing their reside
49、nts to feel like they re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it.”(智能城市会是交互式的，能使市民认为他们正在影响环境，而不是仅仅存在环境里)内容可知，智能城市能让市民直接与身边的环境互动，从而有助于环境保护。故选 A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技快速发展催生的智能城市的现状与前景，又根据最后一段首句“Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart
50、cities of the future.”（当然，把我们现在的城市变成未来的智能城市需要时间和金钱。）及尾句“It wont be long before even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure”（用不了多久，就会有更多的城市开始开发自己的智能基础设施。）可知，智能城市离现实越来越近，与A项中的“Closer to Reality”一致。故选A。【点睛】智能城市是个热门话题。本文中与智能科技相关的词块很多，如intelligent systems、new-age transit networks、5G
51、networks、 smart trash can 等。能找出更多的与智能科技有关的内容。DMany people believe that there is one form of their language that is more correct than others.They may believe for example that British English is more correct than other varieties;or that written English is more correct than spoken English; or that stan
52、dard spoken forms are more correct than dialect forms. Often this belief is supported by reference books to grammars ,usage guides or dictionaries:if something goes against a rule in a grammar,or if the word isnt in the dictionary ,it“must be wrong”. Since the reference books are most often based on
53、 observation of the standard written language, the argument is really circular: these books will naturally describe standard usage, because that is what they are for ;but this does not mean that there is anything wrong with other kinds of usage that are less often described.A better way of looking a
54、t things is to say that usage is“correct in its place”. Standard American English is correct in America , British English is correct in Britain , spoken grammar is accepted in casual speech, and formal written grammar is employed in formal writing. So this means there is no answer to the question: “
55、What kind of English should learners study?” It depends on their purposes. For many learners, the best model is one or other of the two main standard varieties :British or American English. Neither of these is “better”than the other ,and they are both used and understood worldwide.People are also wo
56、rried by language change. If younger people“break”the rules that older people have learnt, or use language in new ways, older people often feel disturbed: they are concerned that younger people no longer know their grammar, and that the language is going downhill. This is a needless worry :change is
57、 natural and inevitable,it cannot be stopped ,and it does not generally affect a language s efficiency as a communicative tool. A great deal of modern English grammar would have been wrong three hundred years ago, and will perhaps be wrong again three hundred years from now.12. What can you learn fr
58、om the 1st paragraph ?A. Learners are always confused by the reference books.B. Usages not mentioned in the reference books are not necessarily wrong.C. Nobody can challenge the authority of the reference books.D. Some wrong usages can be found in the reference books.13. What does the author imply i
59、n paragraph 2?A. Big differences exist between British English and American English.B. American English is better for learners than British English.C. A learner should master all the distinctions of different English.D. Standard English varies according to different situations.14. Which word can rep
60、lace the underlined word“inevitable in paragraph 3?A. avoidable.B. certain.C. formal.D. temporary.15. What is the authors attitude towards the changes of English?A. Disturbed.B. Concerned.C. Indifferent.D. Acceptable.【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D【解析】本文是一个议论文。文章介绍了语言学习的一些观点和看法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“
61、Since the reference books are most often based on observation of the standard written language, the argument is really circular: These books will naturally describe standard usage, because that is what they are for; but this does not mean that there is anything wrong with other kinds of usage that a
62、re less often described. (由于参考书通常是基于对标准书面语言观察，这个论点实际上是循环的：这些书自然会描述标准用法，因为这是它们的目的；但这并不意味着较少被描述的其他用法有任何问题。)” 可知，参考书中没有提到的用法不一定是错的。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句 “Standard American English is correct in America , British English is correct in Britain , spoken grammar is accepted in casual speech, and form
63、al written grammar is employed in formal writing. So this means there is no answer to the question: What kind of English should learners study? (标准美式英语在美国是正确的，英式英语在英国是正确的，口语语法在非正式的讲话中被接受，正式的写作中使用正式的书面语法。所以这就意味着这个问题没有答案：“学习者应该学什么样的英语？”)” 可知，标准英语根据不同情形而改变。故选D。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句中“it cannot be stopp
64、ed”（它不能被停止）可知，变化是不能停止的，故此处应该同义，表示变化是自然的，无法停止，不可抗拒。故 inevitable 表示“必然的；无法避免的”。选择项B 意为“肯定的”，符合题意，故选 B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第三句 “This is a needless worry: change is natural and inevitable, it cannot be stopped, and it does not generally affect a languages efficiency as a communicative tool. (这是一个不必要的担忧
65、：变化是自然的和不可避免的，它不能停止，它一般不会影响语言作为交流工具的效率。)”可知，作者认为这是一个不必要的担忧。所以推断出对于英语的变化，作者觉得是可以接受的。故选 D 。第二节(共5小题;每小题2 分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Can you imagine your doctor warning that taking a bath could be unhealthy? In the early 1800s many doctors thought that tubs (浴缸) could carry diseas
66、es, so they advised against their use._16_The White House did not even have a bathtub until 1851.In the 19th century ,only one home out of six had a bathroom,_17_ On Saturday nights children all lined up for their turns to wash in a wooden tub in the kitchen. Mothers had to boil the water on the fir
67、e and carry it over to fill the tub._18_When the first bathtubs were introduced ,even their makers werent sure whether the new fashion would last. They advertised their products as water containers that “could be used as bathing tubs”._19_By then most middle-class families had indoor taps (龙头). At f
68、irst most tubs were made of wood, but as the popularity of the product increased, so did the creativity of tub makers. Before porcelain tubs there were rubber ones like the plastic swimming pools kids use today._20_Instead they tell their patients about the advantages of frequent bathing. Maybe one
69、of the best reasons why doctors encourage frequent trips to the tub is that bathed patients smell better!A. A child took only one bath a week.B. The children would probably get hurt in the bathtubs.C. Nowadays doctors no longer warn that bathtubs carry diseases.D. Its no wonder that children could n
70、ot jump into a tub as they do today.E. The bathtub gained its popularity in America shortly after World War I.F. The doctors still believe that it is unhealthy for people to bat he in bathtubs.G. The advice actually wasnt based on personal experience，because few of the doctors owned tubs.【答案】16. G 1
71、7. A 18. D 19. E 20. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了浴缸的历史和发展。【16题详解】根据空处前文“In the early 1800s , many doctors thought that tubs could carry diseases, so they advised against their use.（在19世纪早期，许多医生认为浴盆可能携带疾病，所以他们建议不要使用）”可知，G选项“The advice actually wasnt based on personal experience，because few of the doctors owned
72、tubs.”（这个建议实际上不是基于个人经验，因为那时几乎没有医生拥有浴盆）符合语境，上下文构成明显的顺承关系，表示医生的建议背后的理由，且advice与前句中advised逻辑相关。故选G项。【17题详解】空后“On Saturday nights children all lined up for their turns to wash in a wooden tub in the kitchen. ”（周六晚上孩子们排着队轮流在厨房的一个木盆力洗澡）描述19世纪孩子们排队在木制浴缸里洗澡的场景。A选项“A child took only one bath a week.（一个小孩一周只洗
73、一次澡）”符合此处语境，上文的children可对应选项中的a child。故选A项。【18题详解】根据空前的一句“Mothers had to boil the water on the fire and carry it over to fill the tub.（母亲们必须把火上的水烧开，然后把水端过来装满浴缸）”可知，此句描述当初加热水的情景，与D选项中“Its no wonder that children could not jump into a tub as they do today.（难怪孩子们不能像现在这样跳进浴缸里）”说的是同一件事。故选D项。【19题详解】空后“By
74、then most middle-class families had indoor taps.”（那时候大多数的中产家庭有室内水龙头）中then指代空处的时间。E选项“The bathtub gained its popularity in America shortly after World War I.（浴缸在第一次世界大战后不久在美国流行起来）”中说明了时间为第一次世界大战后，符合逻辑。故选E项。【20题详解】空后“Instead they tell their patients about the advantages of frequent bathing.（相反，他们会告诉病人
75、经常洗澡的好处）”并结合第一段第二句“In the early 1800s , many doctors thought that tubs could carry diseases, so they advised against their use.”（在19世纪早期，许多医生认为浴盆可能携带疾病，所以他们建议不要使用）可以推测，C选项“Nowadays doctors no longer warn that bathtubs carry diseases.”（现在，医生现在不再警告浴缸携带疾病）符合此处语境，与下文构成明显的转折关系，并符合文章按时间顺序介绍浴缸发展历史的逻辑。故选C项。
76、第三部分语言知识运用(共两节 ,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Years ago,I had a quarrel with a friend owing to a misunderstanding. It was ._21_my fault, but I was afraid to admit that I was wrong, so we didnt speak for a long time. Several years later we
77、 came across each other and decided to meet for lunch. It was so_22_that we kept meeting. After two or three meals together,I felt_23_to apologize for my behavior years earlier.My experience is never unique. Many people_24_apologizing because the idea of admitting to wrong behavior makes them_25_unc
78、omfortable. Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we dont always_26_our own standards. We might also fear that the victim wont_ _27_our apology. We all like to_28_ourselves as good peopleas kind, honest and considerate. For these_29_ , an apology can be very difficult to give.Given my_30_, t
79、here is no doubt that an apology is a vital tool for_31_a relationship to make it functional again. Usually, a(n) _32_apology is called for, but if the victim is angry at the wrong behavior, it may be more_33_to wait, because their_34_may prevent them from accepting our apologies. Also a delay_35_an
80、 apologys effectiveness because it conveys that the offender has time to reflect on his/ her_36_. But a heartfelt apology has more powerful effects, which can improve our mental health and repair our_37_ personal relationships._38_ ,expressing regret and acknowledging responsibility are equally vita
81、l. Without _39_, its a good reason of your actions ; without responsibility, its an excuse.My friend and I had lunch recently, 15 years after my belated apology. Admitting that everything had been my fault helped us heal our relationship. Were both_40_to have our friendship today.21. A. hardlyB. nar
82、rowlyC. completelyD. usually22. A. pleasantB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. strange .23. A. surprisedB. comfortableC. terribleD. forced24. A. allowB. avoidC. appreciateD. advocate25. A. regretfullyB. easilyC. slightlyD. terribly26. A. go back toB. look up toC. give way toD. live up to27. A. acceptB. analyz
83、eC. exchangeD. check28. A. serveB. view .C. presentD. treat29. A. reasonsB. contentsC. commentsD. examples30. A. needB. senseC. experienceD. character31. A. developingB. rebuildingC. announcingD. practicing32. A. frequentB. permanentC. immediateD. formal33. A. convenientB. effectiveC. adventurousD.
84、inspiring34. A. anxietyB. curiosityC. angerD. worry35. A. discoversB. recordsC. suppliesD. increases36. A. misdeedsB. reputationsC. questionsD. decisions .37. A. damagedB. disturbedC. requiredD. disabled38. A. InsteadB. ThusC. MeanwhileD. However39. A. challengeB. regretC. expressionD. influence40.
85、A. tolerantB. cautiousC. enthusiastic .D. appreciative【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者多年前因为自己的错误和朋友吵了一架，但是因为作者不敢道歉导两人很多年没有说话。到后来，作者向朋友为自己的行为而道歉。作者在文中分析了人们不愿意道歉的原因，以及道歉的重要性。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：几年
86、前，我和一个朋友因为误解而闹翻了，那完全是我的错，我不敢承认我错了，所以我们很久没有说话。A. hardly 几乎不；B. narrowly 勉强地；C. completely 完全地；D. usually 通常地。根据后文“but I was afraid to admit that I was wrong”可知完全是作者的错。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们可以一直见面非常令人愉快。A. pleasant 令人愉快的；B. awkward 尴尬的；C. ridiculous 可笑的；D. strange 陌生的。根据后文“that we kept meeting”可知作
87、者和朋友一直在保持见面，这是令人愉快的事情。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们一起吃过两三顿饭之后，我觉得自己不得不为几年前的行为道歉。A. surprised吃惊的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. forced被迫的。自从上次闹翻以后，作者和朋友一直保持联系，为了避免尴尬和保持友谊，作者不得不为许多年前自己的错误行为道歉。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人避免道歉，因为承认错误的想法会让他们非常不舒服。A. allow允许；B. avoid 避免；C. appreciate 欣赏；D. advocate倡导。根据后
88、文“uncomfortable”可推知因为承认错误的想法会让他们非常不舒服，所以很多人避免道歉。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很多人避免道歉，因为承认错误的想法会让他们非常不舒服。A. regretfully遗憾地；B. easily容易地；C. slightly略微地；D. terribly非常，糟糕地。结合后文“uncomfortable”可知是指道歉让他们感到非常（terribly）不舒服。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：道歉迫使我们向自己承认，我们并不总是能达到自己的标准。A. go back to回去；B. look up to尊敬；C. give wa
89、y to让位于；D. live up to做到，不辜负。根据后文“our own standards”可知此处指道歉会让我们向自己承认，我们并不总是能达到自己的标准。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还可能担心对方不会接受我们的道歉。A. accept接受；B. analyze分析；C. exchange交换；D. check检查。结合上文“We might also fear”可知人们不道歉还因为担心对方不会接受自己的道歉。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都喜欢把自己看作好人善良、善解人意、有道德。A. serve服务；B. view看作；C. presen
90、t提出；D. treat对待。结合后文“ourselves as good people”可知此处为短语viewas表示“把自己看作好人”。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这些原因，道歉是非常困难的。A. reasons原因；B. contents目录；C. comments评论；D. examples例子。结合上文内容可知，上文主要分析了人们不愿意道歉的原因。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就我的经历而言，毫无疑问，道歉是重建关系的重要工具，可以修复关系。A. need需要；B. sense感觉；C. experience 经历；D. character性格。
91、根据常识及上文提到的作者和朋友闹翻后道歉的事情可知，应该是根据自己的经历可知，道歉是重建关系的重要工具。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就我的经历而言，毫无疑问，道歉是重建关系的重要工具，可以修复关系。A. developing培养；B. rebuilding重建；C. announcing宣布；D. practicing练习。根据后文“to make it functional again”可知此处指重建关系。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果对方生气了，那这种做法并不合适。等待可能更有效，因为他们的愤怒阻止了我接受我们的道歉。A. fre
92、quent 频繁的；B. permanent永久的；C. immediate立即的；D. formal正式的。此处与后面的“wait”形成对比，指“立即道歉”，故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果对方生气了，那这种做法并不合适。等待可能更有效，因为他们的愤怒阻止了我接受我们的道歉。A. convenient方便的；B. effective有效的；C. adventurous大胆的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。上文说如果受害者生气了，立即道歉并不合适，这说明等待会更有效，故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果对方生气了，
93、那这种做法并不合适。等待可能更有效，因为他们的愤怒阻止了我接受我们的道歉。A. anxiety焦虑；B. curiosity好奇心；C. anger愤怒；D. worry担心。上文说如果受害者生气了，立即道歉并不合适，等待会更有效，这是因为他们心中的怒气阻止他们接受我们的道歉，故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：延迟也会增加道歉的效果，因为这样冒犯者就有时间反思他/她的错误。A. discovers发现；B. records记录；C. supplies供应；D. increases增加。结合后文“an apologys effectiveness”可知，等待和延迟道歉会增加道歉的效果
94、。故选D。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：延迟也会增加道歉的效果，因为这样冒犯者就有时间反思他/她的错误。A. misdeeds错误，罪行；B. reputations名誉；C. questions 问题；D. decisions决定。根据上文“the offender has time to reflect on his/her”可知，此处指冒犯者反思自己的错误。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是发自内心的道歉会产生更大的效果，这可以改善我们的心理健康，修复我们受损的人际关系。A. damaged损坏；B. disturbed扰乱；C. required需要；D. di
95、sabled使失去能力。道歉是为了修复受损的人际关系。故选A。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，表达后悔和承认责任也是至关重要的。A. Instead相反；B. Thus因此；C. Meanwhile同时；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知，道歉很重要，同时（Meanwhile）表达后悔和承认责任也是至关重要的。故选C。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不后悔，这是你行为的一个很好的理由；不负责，这是一个借口。A. challenge挑战；B. regret后悔；C. expression表达；D. influence影响。此处对应上文 “expressing re
96、gret” 可知此处指不后悔。故选B。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很感激今天能有这样的友谊。A. tolerant宽容的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. appreciative感激的。作者为多年前自己的错误道了歉，修复了和朋友的友谊，所以他们都很感激今天能有这样的友谊。故选D。第II卷(非选择题共50分)第三部分语言知识运用(共两 节,满分45分)第二节(共 10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。You probably know that marine mam
97、mals, like whales and dolphins,breathe air as we do._41_,you may not know that they have developed some interesting sleeping habits to adjust_42_ their regular trips up to the surface for air.Unlike our own breathing, which hardly requires any effort, marine mammals must consciously go to the surfac
98、e of the water_43_ ( breathe) through a blowhole on top of their heads. As a result,they dont sleep for _44_solid 8 hours a night like we do.Some marine mammals sleep while_45_ (swim). Whales take a nap for brief periods, during_46_an alert friend guides them. In fact, a young whale must sleep along
99、side its mother because the mot hers slipstream actually pulls the calf along.Others , like dolphins,sleep while floating on the surface of the water or take short catnaps while floating below the surface._47_ ( researcher) claim that when they sleep, their brain is always_48_ ( partial) alert. Asid
100、e from these brief naps , dolphins are active most of the night.Of course , marine mammals_49_ (equip) to cope with underwater sleeping. They have_50_ ( large) lungs，exchange air more fully at each breath,and carry more oxygen in their blood than we do,so they can hold their breath long enough to sl
101、eep with the fishes.【答案】41. However 42. to 43. to breathe 44. a 45. swimming 46. which 47. Researchers 48. partially 49. are equipped 50. larger【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了海洋哺乳动物一些有趣的睡觉技能。【详解】1.考查副词。句意：然而，你可能不知道它们已经养成了一些有趣的睡眠习惯，以适应它们定期到水面上来呼吸空气的习惯。根据空处前一句You probably know及后一句you may not know可知，空处填写However表示
102、转折关系。故填However。2.考查介词。句意同上。adjust to为固定搭配，意思为：调节、调整以适应。故填to。3.考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：与我们不需要费力就能呼吸不同，海洋哺乳动物必须有意识地到水面上，通过头顶上的气孔呼吸。空处表示go to the surface of the water的目的，用动词不定式to do作目的状语。故填to breathe。4.考查冠词。句意：因此，它们不能像我们一样每晚睡足8个小时。a solid 8 hours表示：整整八个小时不间断，此处表示泛指。故填a。5.考查现在分词作状语。句意：一些海洋哺乳动物在游泳时睡觉。while引导的时间状
103、语从句省略了从句的主语和be动词。故填swimming。6.考查定语从句关系词。句意：鲸鱼会小睡一会儿，在这期间会有一位机警的朋友引导它们。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词periods作介词during的宾语，用which引导。故填which。7.考查主谓一致。句意：研究人员声称当它们睡觉时，大脑总是处于部分警觉状态。根据动词claim为原形可以判断，主语为可数名词复数形式，放在句首首字母大写。故填Researchers。8.考查副词。句意同上。此空修饰形容词alert用副词形式partially。故填partially。9.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：当然，海洋哺乳动物有适应水下睡眠的装
104、备。动词equip与主语mammals构成动宾关系，时态为一般现在时。此处用被动语态，构成be+done结构。主语为复数。故填are equipped。10.考查形容词比较级。句意：它们有更大的肺，每次呼吸都能更充分地交换空气，血液中携带的氧气比我们多，所以它们可以屏住呼吸足够长的时间，与鱼类一起睡觉。根据空后的“more”推测，此处表示“有更大的肺”，用形容词large的比较级形式larger。故填larger。第四部分写作(共两节,满分 35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语
105、言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。It is often the case, when having meals, waiting buses or at tending lectures, you can always find people addicted to their cellphones, completely i
106、gnoring others.This is really a common phenomenon in our daily life. The reason is why smart phones nowadays can be used to playing mobile games and keep in touch with friends. However, too much exposure to phones are bad for people in terms of healthy. Moreover, people involving in phones fail to c
107、ommunicate well with these around them.As far as I am concerned , people should be wisely make use of their phones to help with their work and study. Meanwhile, they should care much about their family and friends than mobile phones.【答案】1. ItAs2. 在waiting后加for3. whythat4. playingplay5. areis6. healt
108、hyhealth7. involvinginvolved8. thesethose9. 删除be10. muchmore【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当今社会人们过度使用手机的现象，呼吁人们合理使用手机，多关心家人和朋友。【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：通常情况下，当你吃饭、等公交车或听课时，你总能发现人们沉迷于手机，完全无视他人。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，句中涉及固定用法“as is often the case”，意为“通常情况下，情况常常如此”，这里as引导从句，指代后面句子所表述的情况。故将It改为As。2.考查固定短语。句意：通常情况下，当你吃饭、等
109、公交车或听课时，你总能发现人们沉迷于手机，完全无视他人。句中涉及固定短语“wait for”，意为“等待”，句中指等公交车。故在waiting后加for。3.考查表语从句。句意：原因是现在的智能手机可以用来玩手机游戏和与朋友保持联系。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为表语从句，从句结构和意思完整，故应用that引导从句，不充当成分，只起连接作用，不可以省略。故将why改为that。4.考查固定短语。句意：原因是现在的智能手机可以用来玩手机游戏和与朋友保持联系。句中涉及固定短语“be used to do”，意为“被用来做”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，playing的原形为play。故将playi
110、ng改为play。5.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，过多地接触手机对人们的健康有害。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。句子主语为too much exposure，exposure意为“暴露”，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数，故be应用is。故将are改为is。6.考查名词。句意：然而，过多地接触手机对人们的健康有害。句中“in terms of”意为“在方面”，为固定短语，of为介词，后应接名词作宾语，healthy意为“健康的”，形容词词性，对应的名词为health，意为“健康”，为不可数名词。故将healthy改为health。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，使用手机的人无法与周围
111、的人进行良好的沟通。句中involve意为“包含”，动词词性，句中有谓语动词fail且句中无连词，故应用involve的非谓语动词形式，people与involve之间为逻辑上的被动关系，“be involved in”意为“专心，卷入”，故应用involve的过去分词involved，作定语修饰people。故将involving改为involved。8.考查代词。句意：此外，使用手机的人无法与周围的人进行良好的沟通。根据句意和句中around them可知，句中指的是使用手机的人无法与身边的“那些人”进行良好的沟通，故应用表示距离比较远的指示代词those。故将these改为those。9
112、.考查句子结构。句意：就我而言，人们应该明智地利用手机来帮助他们的工作和学习。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词make use of且句中无连词，故句中be多余，应去掉。故将be去掉。10.考查副词比较级。句意：同时，比起手机，他们应该更关心家人和朋友。根据句意和句中than可知，句子应用比较级，把“手机”同“家人和朋友”进行比较，much意为“很，非常”，副词词性，对应的比较级为more，表示更关心家人和朋友。故将much改为more。第二节:书面表达(满分25分)52. 假定你是李华,想邀请外教Henry一起参观人工智能展览。请给他写邮件,内容包括:1.展览时间、地点;2.展览内容;3.展览意
113、义。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:人工智能Artificial Intelligence【答案】Dear Henry,How is everything going？Aware that you are a great enthusiast of Artificial Intelligence, I am writing to invite you to enjoy a special exhibition about it.As we all know, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming
114、our life. To my great delight, an exhibition will be held in our science and technology museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days. In the exhibition not only can you witness robots that can do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles. More interestingly, you can
115、 play the board game with AlphaGo, which is a computer program developed by Google. Meanwhile, a wide variety of the latest technologies will be displayed, including facial recognition.I do believe that you will be deeply impressed by the exhibition. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析
116、】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Henry写封邮件，邀请他一起参观人工智能展览。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.展览时间、地点;2.展览内容;3.展览意义。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）to my great delight；not onlybut also；a wide variety of ； be deeply impressed by；look forward to；a great enthusiast of Artificial Inte
117、lligence第三步：连词成句1.Aware that you are a great enthusiast of Artificial Intelligence, I am writing to invite you to enjoy a special exhibition about it.2.As we all know, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming our life.3.To my great delight, an exhibition will be held in our science and techno
118、logy museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days.4.In the exhibition not only can you witness robots that can do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles. 5.More interestingly, you can play the board game with AlphaGo, which is a computer program developed by Goog
119、le. 6.Meanwhile, a wide variety of the latest technologies will be displayed, including facial recognition.7.I do believe that you will be deeply impressed by the exhibition. 8.Looking forward to your reply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：not only.but3.表转折对比关系：However, On the co
120、ntrary, but(供参考)4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result (供参考)连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 To my great delight, an exhibition will be held in our science and technology museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days.(which引导非限制性定语从句)高分句型2 In the exhibition not only can you witness robots that can do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles.（部分倒装）高分句型3 More interestingly, you can play the board game with AlphaGo, which is a computer program developed by Google. （which引导非限制性定语从句和过去分词作后置定语）