1、限时规范训练(五)阅读理解细节理解题(限时：20分钟)AWhile its the books that make a library, being in lovely surroundings may provide inspiration and help you to work a little bit harder. Here are some of the coolest libraries of the world.The Library of BirminghamBirmingham, UK.The new Library of Birmingham is said to be
2、not only Britains biggest public library, but also the largest in Europe. Designed by Dutch architects, this replacement for the Birmingham Central Library was opened in 2013 and has a wealth of resources within its walls, including adult and kids libraries, music collections, a Shakespeare Memorial
3、 Room, and even a gym. Gardens crown the roof, while the changing seasons bring variations in the shadows and reflections inside.The National Library of FranceParis, FranceThe National Library of France, which now contains an astonishing collection of 30 million, dates back to the 14th century and t
4、his royal library was set up at the Louvre Palace by King Charles . The library was moved to Rue de Richelieu site in 1868, with major design work carried out by French architects Henri Labrouste and, following his death, JeanLouis Pascal. Here, the reading rooms are elegance themselves. There are m
5、ore than just books to be found.The State Library of New South WalesSydney, AustraliaThe public State Library of New South Wales holds the honor of being the oldest institution of its kind in Australia. It was originally set up as the Australian Subscription Library in 1826, but it wasnt until 1942
6、that its permanent home was ready. Designed by Sydney architect Walter Liberty Vernon and completed in 1910, the magnificent sandstone Mitchell Wing is one of the architectural highlights.Seattle Central LibrarySeattle, Washington, USA Seattle Central Librarys distinctive design ensures it stands ou
7、t. Architect Rem Koolhaas is one of the names attached to its design. Architects sought to envelop the 11story building with “a layer of transparency”， using a skin of glass and metal. The public library houses about 1.45 million books and other things, as well as more than 400 computers available f
8、or public use. The building, which opened in 2004, was included on the American Institute of Architects list of Americans 150 favorite structures in 2007.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个世界上最棒的图书馆，重点介绍了这些图书馆的发展历史、图书特点以及规模大小等。1Which of the following libraries has the longest history?AThe Library of Birmingham.BTh
9、e National Library of France.CThe State Library of New South Wales.DSeattle Central Library.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The National Library of France, which now contains an astonishing collection of 30 million, dates back to the 14th century and this royal library was set up at the Louvre Palace by King Char
10、les V”可知，法国国家图书馆的历史可以追溯到十四世纪；由此可知，这四个图书馆中法国国家图书馆的历史最长，故B项正确。答案：B2What can you do in the Library of Birmingham?AAttend a concert.BAct in a play.CTake some exercise.DEnjoy new technology.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Designed by Dutch architects, this replacement for the Birmingham Central Library was opened in 2
11、013 and has a wealth of resources within its walls, including adult and kids libraries, music collections, a Shakespeare Memorial Room, and even a gym.”可知，这座由荷兰建筑师设计的图书馆于2013年开放，其内部资源丰富，包括成人和儿童图书馆、音乐作品集、莎士比亚纪念室，甚至健身房。据此可推知，人们可以在伯明翰图书馆里进行体育锻炼，故C项正确。答案：C3What do the National Library of France and Seat
12、tle Central Library have in common?AThey have computers available.BThey were moved to a new place.CThey won awards for architecture.DThey were designed by more than one person.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“with major design work carried out by French architects Henri Labrouste and, following his death, JeanLo
13、uis Pascal”和尾段第二句“Architect Rem Koolhaas is one of the names attached to its design.”可知，法国国家图书馆和西雅图中心图书馆的共同之处是它们由不止一名设计师设计完成，故D项正确。答案：DBMany romantic legends (传说) have been inspired by Sacagawea, the Shoshone Indian woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on much of their expedition (远征) of 18041806.O
14、ne of President Jeffersons major purposes in commissioning (委托) Lewis and Clark to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory had been the establishing of friendly relations with Indian tribes (部落). Indian chiefs were to be given Jefferson peace medals at these historic first contacts with white
15、 men.In the winter of 1804, Lewis and Clark arrived in the North Dakota country of the Mandan Indians. Living among the Mandans were a French Canadian fur trader, Touissaint Charbonneau, and his young Indian wife, Sacagawea. When the expedition left Mandan country, the couple went with it. Charbonne
16、au was hired as an interpreter and Sacagawea carried her newborn baby on her back. Sacagaweas main reason for accompanying the explorers was a longing to see her own Shoshone people again. Five years earlier, at the age of 12, she was forced to leave her home.Sacagawea was of great value to the expe
17、dition in her role as negotiator with Indian tribes. Clark said of her, “Sacagawea persuades all the Indians to understand our friendly intentions.”Across the Missouri River, Lewis and Clark were faced with the snowcapped Rocky Mountains. Crossing them would be impossible without horses. Going on ah
18、ead, Lewis met a band of Shoshone Indians. With the advantage of Sacagaweas relationship, the explorers were able to exchange some of their belongings for 29 Shoshone horses and the journey continued.Across the Rockies, the party built canoes and followed the Columbia River to the Pacific. Sacagawea
19、 was among those Indians honored with the prized Jefferson peace medal, evidence of the fondness Lewis and Clark felt for her. 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了印第安传奇女性Sacagawea。4What was the purpose of Lewis and Clarks expedition?ATo look for Jefferson peace medal winners.BTo start up a friendship with the Indians
20、.CTo collect local romantic legends.DTo search for hidden treasure.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“commissioning Lewis and Clark to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory had been the establishing of friendly relations with Indian tribes”可知，Lewis和Clark远征的目的是为了与印第安人建立良好关系。答案：B5Why did Sacagawea travel with
21、Lewis and Clark?AShe wanted to visit her old tribe.BShe was hired as an interpreter.CShe had become a friend to them.DShe was an adventurelover.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Sacagaweas main reason for accompanying the explorers was a longing to see her own Shoshone people again.”可知，Sacagawea随同Lewis和Clark的主要目的是为了
22、回自己原先所在的部落看一看。答案：A6According to Clark, what did Sacagawea represent?AA symbol of peace.BA sign of good luck.CA signal of direction.DA guarantee against failure.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Clark所说的一席话可知，在Clark看来，Sacagawea是和平的象征。答案：A7What did the explorers manage to do with the help of Sacagawea?AThey preserved In
23、dian customs.BThey traded things for horses.CThey found a lost Indian tribe.DThey learnt to build canoes.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“With the advantage of Sacagaweas relationship, the explorers were able to exchange some of their belongings for 29 Shoshone horses and the journey continued.”可知，得益于Sacagawea的帮助，远
24、征队才能与印第安人进行物物交易，换到了马匹。答案：BCMost dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to
25、get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dogs mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owners voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlantas Emory University seems to indicate that “mans best friend” does indeed know what t
26、he owner is saying.The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their
27、dogs language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadnt seen before. The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs brains responsible for processi
28、ng sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers
29、believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.Something even more interesting was that the dogs brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the
30、 sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior
31、 author of the study. However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because thats what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dogs view, how
32、ever, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。8Whats the purpose of the new study?ATo convince dog owners to understand their dogs.BTo advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.CTo prove dogs follow owners order by listen
33、ing.DTo test out how dogs get information from owners.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlantas Emory University seems to indicate that mans best friend does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。答案：D9W
34、hat does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?AInform the result of the research.BState the process of the research.CStress the importance of the research.DIntroduce the subjects of the research.解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train t
35、heir pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。答案：B10How do human brains and dog brains react to words?AHuman brains become active in unfamiliar words.BDog brains become delighted at unfamilia
36、r words.CHuman brains are not sensitive to familiar words.DDog brains show no response to familiar words.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting was that the dogs brains showed a higher level of neural activity at the sound of unknown words.This is the exact opposite of what happens in hum
37、an brains.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。答案：B11What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?AGive dogs oral commands.BTeach dogs new tricks.CInvolve sight and smell.DEncourage faster learning.解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。答案：C