1、课时提能练(二十一) 必修5Unit 1Great scientistsA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)An 1announcement (announce) was made yesterday, saying that Mr. Watson was awarded a prize for his 2contribution (contribute) to environmental protection. How to stop the air being polluted is a 3challenging (challenge) task facing society tod
2、ay. Mr. Watson began to work on air 4pollution (pollute) problems at age 24 and has been showing great 5enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for his work. He thinks governments should take 6responsibility (responsible) for the worsening air quality. He often gives specific instructions in the 7construction (co
3、nstruct) of power stations, warning that people should be 8cautious (caution) in producing electricity from coal.B(考查动词)The tennis match 9concluded (conclude) after three days fierce competition. Andy ranked first by 10defeating (defeat) all the other players. 11Being exposed (expose) to the strong
4、sunlight for over two hours every day made him very exhausted, but he felt happy. When he 12was announced (announce) to win the title, he burst into tears. His wife and son were invited 13to attend (attend) the awarding ceremony. They were proud of Andy, saying that all his efforts 14had contributed
5、 (contribute) to his success. So far, this match 15has absorbed (absorb) much attention from Asia, America and Europe.C(考查句型)Mrs. Brown didnt know who 16to blame (blame) for the stolen antique vase. She lived in a big house with a strong fence 17surrounding (surround) it. Every time she left home sh
6、e would have all the windows and doors 18locked (lock). The robber must 19have been (be) very smart and intelligent, for neither the alarm 20nor her dog made a sound when he slipped in. Only 21if the police arrested the robber did she know if she could get back the expensive vase.语境短文改错(短文中有5处错误)Mr.
7、 Black was murdered when he lay slept on the sofa in his livingroom. He could have felt someone entering the room, but he was very tired that he fell fast asleep. The police are busy looking at the case. They have made a judgment on basis of the footprints left on the floor: the murderer is a strong
8、 man of about 8 feet tall. There is a small river no far away from Mr. Blacks house. Police suspect that the man got away in the darkness by sailing a boat upstream.【答案】Mr. Black was murdered when he lay on the sofa in his livingroom. He could have felt someone entering the room, but he was tired th
9、at he fell fast asleep. The police are busy looking the case. They have made a judgment on basis of the footprints left on the floor: the murderer is a strong man of about 8 feet tall. There is a small river far away from Mr. Blacks house. Police suspect that the man got away in the darkness by sail
10、ing a boat upstream.根据提示补全句子 1我既没有去看那场足球赛，也不关心它的结果。Neither did I go to watch the football match nor did I care its result.2在你回来之前，我已经把所有的错误都改正过了。(have sth. done)Before you came back，I had had all my mistakes corrected3大学期间，除了英语外，他还要学一门外语。Apart from English，he had to study another foreign language wh
11、ile in college.4妈妈站在身后，小女孩感到很安全。The little girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her5无论怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。No matter how I read it，this sentence doesnt make any sense to meB：能力层面.阅读理解A(2020开封市一模)Andrew Grey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop，not in a
12、lab or university，yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr.Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries，only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science，b
13、ut advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization(民主化)to science.“This is a collaborative(合作的)effort that anyone could get involved in，”says Chris Lintott，an Oxford University astrophysicist(天体物理学家)and cofounder of Zooniverse，a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science pro
14、jects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field，from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition is involved，there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，”Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images，graphs，or even seemingly boring
15、 data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans，particularly amateur scientists，dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to.And thats good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”“And citizen science doesnt have to
16、 be directed by a scientist，”says Sheila Jasanoff，director of the Program on Science，Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists，”she says.Thats what happened in Flint，Michigan，when a local
17、 mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.Citizenpowered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized，regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and com
18、puter models，scientists still welcome help from everyday people.As a professional scientist himself，Lintott says，“People think that were intelligent，but science is easy and we need your help.”【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。1What made citizen scientists a
19、ppear?AThe high level of science projects.BThe development of technology.CThe support of the government.DThe foundation of Zooniverse.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people.to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。2What is a advantage of humans in pattern recognition co
20、mpared with machines?AHumans can identify patterns more swiftly.BHumans focus their attention on data.CHumans can observe uncommon things.DHumans have stronger emotions.C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And thats good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到
21、一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。3What is Lintotts attitude towards citizen science?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.A观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that were intelligent，but science is easy and we need your help”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。4What would be the best title of
22、the text?ACitizen Scientists Can Be IntelligentBScience Is Important to EveryoneCAnyone Can Be a ScientistDScience Is EverywhereC标题归纳题。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学家的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公
23、民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。B(2020广东省七校联合体第二次联考)We live in an age of information.All the information should allow us to make informed，datadriven decisions all the time.But this does not mean that you actually use all the information even if you have it.In fact，people readily make snap judgeme
24、nts in a variety of situations.People form lasting impressions of others within a second and consumers make shopping decisions based on little consideration.In a recent study，we asked participants to imagine having pleasant or unpleasant talks with another person.For comparison，we asked another grou
25、p of participants to consider how many of those talks they would need to determine someones character.We found that people believed they would need many talks to make this judgement，while in fact the first group needed few.In another study，we asked some students to write applications for some positi
26、ons，and then asked actual HR people to read their material.The students wrote much more material than the recruiters cared to read.There are several reasons why people might have the wrong impression about making judgements.One possibility is the belief that the human mind processes information incr
27、ementally (递增地)，considering that new information is added to old information until some mental level is reached for making a decision.In reality，however，the first few pieces of information weigh(有影响)much more heavily than the later information.Sometimes quick decisions are accurate and can save time
28、.However，they may sometimes lead to misunderstandings.Imagine a situation in which a manager with limited information forms an opinion of an employee he is unsure about.A manager who sees an employee make a small misstep (错误)in an unimportant project may avoid offering him challenging projects in th
29、e future，which in turn would affect this employees career development.Modern technology allows any decision made today to be more informed than the same decision made a few decades ago.But the human reliance on quick judgements may avoid this promise.In the exploration for more informed decisionmaki
30、ng，researchers will need to explore ways to encourage people to slow down the judgement.【语篇解读】我们生活在信息时代，我们掌握的信息使我们作出有依据的、数据导向的决定。但有时我们并不依据这些信息作决定，这样作出的决定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5Whats the meaning of the underlined word“snap”in Paragraph 1?ASlow.BNegative.CQuick.DSatisfying.C词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“within a second”和“
31、based on little consideration”可知，“snap judgments”指的是仓促的判断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。6The studies in Paragraph 2 suggest that when people make judgements，they _Aare easily influenced by their current moodsBprefer to communicate with people they trustCtend to learn from their previous experiencesDact
32、ually use less information than expectedD细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，最近的这项研究发现，人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能作出这样的判断，而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话；根据第二段最后一句可知，另一项研究表明学生们写的申请材料比招聘人员尽力看的多得多。由此可知，这两个研究表明当人们作判断的时候，他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。7What can we know according to Paragraph 3?AGood thinking habits help improve mental health.BEarly inform
33、ation contributes more to decisionmaking.CNew information is more important for knowledge development.DOld and new information will combine to create careful judgements.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，实际上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在作判断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。8What does the example in Paragraph 4 show?ADecisions based
34、on less information can lead to harmful results.BWe can make progress by challenging ourselves.CExcellent employees are good at analyzing information.DGood communication skills are necessary for an able manager.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，迅速作出的决定有时可能会导致误解；由下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息作出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。.
35、完形填空(2020开封市一模)On a Monday morning，back in 2015，I remembered parking my car outside my doctors clinic in Broadwater，Western Australia.I felt 1 and I carefully practiced what I wanted to tell my doctor.Heartbreak，sorrow and the loss of a complete family left me not coping well.I was 2 I had tried to
36、pick myself up，tried to throw myself into my work as an educator in beforeand afterschool care，and also tried to focus on my art. 3 these efforts，my depression hadnt gone away.It kept 4 like a cancer in my inner world.I wanted a normal 5 I wanted to be as healthy as my son，Kai，who was 6 me.I took a
37、few deep breaths and went into the clinic for my 7 .After I returned to my car，I shut the door and started 8 uncontrollably.My doctor said I had severe depression.I needed to take antidepressants(抗抑郁药)I had to make some big 9 to get better. Still sobbing，I was 10 to hear a knock on my car door.A sli
38、m lady with short fair hair 11 opened it and began to speak calmly and kindly to me.“I dont know what youre 12 right now.But know this，I wish you well.I believe you will be 13 and what you are going through will pass，”she said.“Can I give you a hug？”There I was，a weeping mess, 14 accepting this kind
39、 strangers comforting hug.All I 15 to reply in a choked(哽咽的)voice was “Thank you”This was the most significant act of 16 that Ive ever experienced from a stranger.It gave me hope.My 17 started right there.About a year later，I bumped into the same kind 18 at the opening of an art exhibition.She 19 me
40、 and smiled.She said she could tell I was doing well.We 20 again，and once more I could express my appreciation for her act.【语篇解读】作者遭遇家庭变故后变得异常郁闷，去诊所看医生时，被医生诊断为严重抑郁。作者从诊所出来后坐在车里哭泣，一位陌生的女士安慰了作者并给了作者一个拥抱，作者从那时开始好转。一年后，作者再次偶遇那位女士，那位女士也认出了作者并对作者微笑。作者再次和那位女士拥抱并表达了自己的感激之情。1A.confidentBproudCnervousDpatient
41、C根据空后的“I carefully practiced what I wanted to tell my doctor”可推知，作者在面对医生之前很紧张。2A.ashamedBastonishedCdepressedDconfusedC根据上文中的“Heartbreak，sorrow and the loss of a complete family left me not coping well”可知，作者在这种情况下应是很沮丧，与下文“my depression hadnt gone away” 呼应。3A.WithoutBDespiteCBeyondDThroughB根据空后的“my
42、depression hadnt gone away”可知，尽管作出了这些努力，但作者的抑郁并没有消失。4A.growingBsurviving CmovingDwanderingA根据本句中的“like a cancer”，并结合下文作者失控大哭可知，此处表示抑郁像癌症一样在作者内心继续增长。5A.excuseBlifeCjobDrewardB根据空后的“I wanted to be as healthy as my son.”和语境可知，作者想要一种正常的生活。6A.looking forBwaiting forCwalking aroundDdepending onD根据上文中的“the
43、 loss of a complete family”可推知，作者的儿子是依靠作者生活的。7A.schoolBneighborhoodChouseDappointmentD根据上文的“I remembered parking my car outside my doctors clinic”和语境可知，作者上文是在交代自己去看医生之前的心理状态和故事背景，此处表示作者深呼吸，然后进入诊所赴约。8A.coughingBweepingClaughingDshakingB根据下文的“Still sobbing”可知，作者看完医生后回到车里开始失控哭泣。9A.preparationsBcomments
44、CchangesDcontributionsC根据本句中的“to get better”和语境可知，作者必须作出一些大的改变才能够有所改善。10A.surprisedBdelightedCdisappointedDexcitedA根据语境可知，一位陌生的女士来敲作者的车门，这让作者感到很意外。11A.quicklyBmadlyCgentlyDcasuallyC结合本句中的“speak calmly and kindly to me”可知，那位女士应是轻轻地打开作者的车门。12A.describingBobservingCdeterminingDexperiencingD作为陌生人，那位女士并不
45、了解作者正在经历的事情，与下文中的“what you are going through”呼应。13A.left behindBlooked after Ccalled onDturned offB根据上文的“I wish you well”和上文作者去看医生可知，那位女士告诉作者，“我相信你将得到照顾，你正在经历的终将过去”。14A.calmlyBeagerlyCunwillinglyDgratefullyD根据下文的“Thank you”可推知，作者心怀感激地接受了这个陌生人给予的令人安慰的拥抱。15A.managedBdecidedCfailedDattemptedA根据语境可知，作者以
46、哽咽的声音努力回答了一句“谢谢你”。16A.courageBkindnessCwisdomDdevotionB根据上文一位陌生的女士安慰作者并给了作者一个拥抱可知，此处表示这是作者经历的来自一个陌生人的最重要的善举。17A.treatmentBexperimentCrecoveryDadventureC根据上文的“It gave me hope”和下文中的“She said she could tell I was doing well”可知，此处表示作者从那时开始恢复。18A.ladyBdoctorCeducatorDgirlA根据上文的“A slim lady”和本句中的“the same”可推知，作者一年后又偶遇了那位女士。19A.recognizedBforgaveCunderstoodDcomfortedA根据本句中的“and smiled” 和“She said she could tell I was doing well”可推知，那位女士也认出了作者。20A.metBnoddedCactedDhuggedD根据本句中的“again”，并与上文的“accepting this kind strangers comforting hug”呼应可推知，作者和那位女士再次拥抱。
