1、虚拟语气情况从句的动词主句的动词例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be动词一律用were)would/could/should/might 动词原形If I had time，I would attend your party.如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。If I saw him now，I would be very happy.如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。与过去事实相反had过去分词would/could/should/mighthave过去分词You didnt let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldnt have got
2、 so tired.你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。与将来事实相反动词的过去式；should动词原形；were to动词原形would/could/might/should动词原形If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。注意：(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Had you taken my advice，you wouldnt h
3、ave failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)
4、，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。1.(2010湖南卷)If he_my a
5、dvice，he wouldnt have lost his job.AfollowedBshould followChad followedDwould follow解析：句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。答案：C2(2011厦门市质量检查)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont mention it.Ashould beBwould beCwill have beenDwould have been解析：考查
6、虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词would完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。答案：D3(2011山东潍坊质检)_more careful，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he isBHad he beenCShould he beDIf he has been解析：从主句中的would not have been made 可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用had been 的形式，又因助动词为had时，可将if省掉，had提前，故B项正确。答案：B(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、
7、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 坚持，prefer 宁愿，urge 主张，order 命令，recommend 推荐，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examinati
8、on.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。(2)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。1.(2010福建卷)Teachers recommend parents_their child
9、ren under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allowBdo not allowCmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow解析：句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建议、命令、要求”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。答案：A2(2011山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that th
10、e medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sentBshould sendCbe sentDmust be sent解析：当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用shoulddo，should可以省略。order后的同位语从句也用虚拟语气，故选C项。答案：C(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this even
11、ing.我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。(2)It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虚拟语气在句型“It is (high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time (that)we went home.我们该回家了。(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 If only I had not b
12、een ill last week!要是上周我没病该多好啊！1.(2010合肥第三次教学检测)Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs ifBEven ifCIf onlyDOnly if解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。if only(但愿)接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。as if好像，even if即使，only if只有，都
13、是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。答案：C2. (2011青岛一模)My uncle suggests I_abroad.I would rather you_at home.Ago；stayBwent；stayedCgo；stayed Dwent；stay解析：suggest当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。答案：C1(2010浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time
14、and energy_.Awould have been savedBhad been savedCwill be savedDwas saved解析：句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略if可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓语动词应采用“wouldhave过去分词”的结构，故答案为A项。答案：A2(2010陕西卷)If we_the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.AtakeBhad takenCtoo
15、kDhave taken解析：句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故if从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。答案：B3(2010北京卷)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables_.Awouldnt dieBdidnt dieChadnt diedDwouldnt have d
16、ied解析：句意为：现在天气变得又热又干。是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中If引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是would do，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择D项。答案：D4(2009福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not winBwould not have
17、 wonCwould win Dwould have won解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。答案：B5. (2009浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt BcouldntCneednt Dshouldnt解析： 句意为：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(shoul
18、d)do”，故选D。答案：D6. (2009安徽卷)But for their help，we_the program in time.Acan not finishBwill not finishChad not finishedDcould not have finished解析：句意为：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。答案：D7. (2009天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we w
19、ould repair it at our expense.Awould BshouldCcould Dmight解析：句意为：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。答案：B8. (2007全国卷)_he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race.AIfBSinceCThoughDWhen解析：考查与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。从句用if.ha
20、d done，主句用.would/could have done.。答案：A9. (2007山东卷)They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.Ahad gotBgotChave gotDget解析：本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是事实，后半句是虚拟语气。答案：B10. (2007全国卷)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday.Awas happeningBhappensChas happene
21、dDhappened解析：考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。答案：D1(2011天津质检)My suggestion is that you_much meat.Awouldnt takeBshall not takeCnot haveDwont have解析：当suggest 或suggestion 为“建议”的意思时，与其有关的从句就要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。答案：C2(2011安徽芜湖调研)If human beings had been a bit less g
22、reedy and cruel，more birds and animals_dying out.Aought to avoidBcould have been avoidedCshould have avoidedDmight have avoided解析：句意为：如果人类少点贪婪少点残忍，更多的鸟类和动物就有可能免于灭绝。这里考查的是对过去情况的假设，从句用had done，主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”，其后接doing 时没有被动语态。答案：D3(2011哈尔滨检测)_anyone call，please tell him Im no
23、t free.AMustBCanCMayDShould解析：本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第一个分句是省略了if 虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should call，please tell him Im not free.当if 省略时，句子要倒装，故D项正确。答案：D4(2011北京海淀期末)If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed，we _there by now.Awould beBareChave beenDhad been解析：句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我
24、们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选A项。答案：A5(2011北京海淀期末练习)If you_to my birthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim.Oh，what a pity!AcameBhad comeCwould comeDwould have come解析：从语意分析，这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应选B项。答案：B6(2011福建龙岩检测)I d
25、idnt attend the lecture yesterday.I_，either，if my mother hadnt reminded me.AwouldntBwouldnt haveCdidntDhadnt解析：考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadnt reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用should/would/could/mighthave done结构，从选项中看只有B项合适(I wouldnt have 是I wouldnt have attended the lecture的省略)。答案：B7(2010南通二模)How much
26、of the foreign experts speech have you understood?Next to nothing.I wish I_harder at English.AworkedBhad workedCwould workDwere working解析：考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去)更努力地学习英语了。答案：B8(2010皖南八校第二次联考)Without the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Speaking Com
27、petition.Awould winBwould have wonCwould not winDwould not have won解析：考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。答案：D9(2011长春第一次调研)It is required that the students_mobile phones in their school，so seldom_them using one.Ashould
28、 not use；you will seeBnot use；will you seeCmustnt use；will you seeDnot use；you will see解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。英语中表示命令、建议或要求的动词或名词后面的从句中通常使用should do形式的虚拟语气，should可以省略。seldom是否定副词，位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序。答案：B10. (2010日照二模)“If I_taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict.Adi
29、dnt start Bhavent startedChadnt started Dshouldnt start解析：考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。答案：C11. (2011福建检测)I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain.What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I_it.Awouldnt have missedBwouldnt missCdidnt missDhadnt missed解析：考查虚拟语气。从句为过去完成
30、时，所以主句用would have done结构。答案：A12. (2010南通二模)Sorry indeed，I_to your birthday party if.Forget it.I know you were out on business.Amust comeBwould comeCmust have comeDwould have come解析：考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟，if后面省略了过去完成时 (补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构，
31、因此选D项。答案：D13. (2010合肥二模)Did you make it at last?Yes.But for your help，it_a serious loss.Awould causeBmust have causedCwould have caused Dmay cause解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for.要不是。答案：C14. (2011潍坊一模)How I wish I_my mouth before I shouted at my mum!AshutBhave shutChad shut Dwould shut解析：该题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。答案：C15. (2011东北三校联考)Why do you look so upset?I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I_more about her.Acare BcaredChad cared Dhad been cared解析：考查虚拟语气。If only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。因此，C项正确。答案：C