1、Unit4GlobalwarmingSectionGrammar课后篇巩固提升一、对画线部分进行强调1.He began his medical research after he got financial help.答案It was after he got financial help that he began his medical research.2.He didnt mention his own plan until the end of the letter.答案It was not until the end of the letter that he mentioned
2、 his own plan.3.Why didnt you attend the birthday party of your best friend?答案Why was it that you didnt attend the birthday party of your best friend?4.The culture,rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案It was the culture,rather than the language,that
3、made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.二、阅读理解Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the worlds oceans.A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish.A sustainable
4、 catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing long-term damage to the health of populations of some species.Overfishing has made that decline worse,researchers say.Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population falls.In some parts of the world,such as t
5、he heavily fished Sea of Japan,the decrease is as high as 35 percent.Thats a loss of more than one in every three fish.Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010.Those fish populations spread far apart across 38 ocean regions.Temperature changes vary
6、from one ocean site to another.But on average over that time,Earths sea-surface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.On average,that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4.1 percent,the study found.About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studie
7、d saw losses as a result of the ocean warming.However,about 4 percent of some populations increased.Thats because certain species have thrived in warmer waters.One example is a kind of black sea fish.It lives along the northeastern L.S.coast.As warming continues,these fish will reproduce faster unti
8、l they reach their limit.About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food.That means its urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.1.What does the new study discover?A.Overfishing i
9、s to blame for fish health.B.Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.C.Seafood matters to peoples health worldwide.D.The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellf
10、ish.”可知,新的研究发现,海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。故选B项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Survivednarrowly.B.Disappearedsoon.C.Decreasedsharply.D.Developedquickly.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Oneexample.Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.”可知,随着升温继续,这些鱼将快速繁殖直到它们的
11、极限,据此可推知,画线词的含义与“reproducefaster”相近,故选D项。3.Whatdoweknowaboutspeciesoffishandshellfish?A.About8percentofthemsufferedfromagreatloss.B.About35percentofthemsurvivedintheSeaofJapan.C.About3.2billionspecieshavebeensaveduptonow.D.About80specieshavediedoutbecauseofwarmingseas.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“About8perce
12、ntofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.”可知,大约8%的鱼类和水生有壳动物数量上遭受了重大损失。故选A项。根据第二段第三句“Insomeparts.thedecreaseisashighas35percent.”可知,B项表述错误;根据第五段第一句“About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.”可知,C项表述错误;文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。4.Fromwhichisthetextproba
13、blytaken?A.Acookingguide.B.Asciencemagazine.C.Anewsreview.D.Ahealthbrochure.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文可知,一项最新研究显示,随着海洋变暖,鱼类和水生有壳动物的数量正在减少。这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可推知,本文属于科学类文章。故选B项。三、七选五阅读理解WorldEnvironmentDay: Eco-friendlyfashiontipsJune 5 saw another World Environment Day.Yet environmental protection ought
14、 to be an everyday activity.It shouldnt be something only remembered as a slogan.Saving water and using public transportation can help benefit our future generations in the long run.1Follow these tips:Buy lessMany people take shopping,or buying things that are not necessary,as a way to release press
15、ure.And nowadays,almost everyone buys more clothes than needed.2Unnecessary shopping could become another source of pressure to both your finances and the environment.3Natural material is good for not only the environment,but also the mind and body.The feeling of wearing a polyester(聚酯纤维) shirt and
16、an organic cotton shirt is totally different,especially in the hot summer.Use natural cleanserWashing powder will pollute the water and harm your clothes.Try a natural cleanser.It can clean your clothes thoroughly without doing any harm to either the environment or your skin.4Dry cleaning will cause
17、 a lot of damage to the environment.Baby shampoo can clean these delicate textiles as well.Smart shopping5Its true especially for those you only wear on special occasions.And there are services for renting clothes,which can also help you save money and protect the environment.A.Choose naturally dyed
18、 products.B.Choose natural and organic material.C.Secondhand clothes can be a smarter choice.D.Find a better and healthier way to release pressure.E.Reduce the times you dry-clean pure woolen and silk items.F.Your wardrobe could also be more environmentally friendly too.G.If you still cant change ol
19、d shopping habits,try to buy less fur products.答案15 FDBEC四、完形填空(2019全国)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 1 with them lots of waste.The 2 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.
20、Hearing these stories,Im 4 about the placeother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However,I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish.I find a 7 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges
21、are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9.The best of a Kilimanjaro 10,in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a
22、 few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,14 lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 15low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 17:gravel(砾石
23、),stones and rocks.18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.1.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring答案D解析由上文“每年大约有四万
24、人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bringwith“带来”。故选D项。2.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters答案C解析由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选C项。3.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name答案C解析句意:冰川正在消融,改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选C项。4.A.silentB.skepticalC.seri
25、ousD.crazy答案B解析根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净天然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical“怀疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选B项。5.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate答案A解析根据句首However表示转折可知,与前面的描述不同,作者不久发现了乞力马扎罗山的美,故选A项。discover“发现”;argue“争论”;decide“决定”;advocate“拥护”。6.A.equipmentB.
26、grassC.campsD.stones答案C解析此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后,情况发生了许多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了许多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故选C项。7.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean答案D解析本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同,干净卫生。故选D项。8.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary答案C
27、解析前文提到了作者担心乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。故选C项。9.A.paying offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away答案A解析本句but表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。payoff“成功;奏效;达到目的”;spreadout“展开;铺开”;blowup“爆炸”;fadeaway“逐渐消失”。故选A项。10.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight答案B解析
28、由上文第二段中的“.otherdestinationsaredescribedaspurernaturalexperiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。11.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded答案D解析由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。beregardedas.“被视为”。故选D项。12.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose答案A解析本句进一步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。随着人们在几千米
29、的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选A项。13.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials答案B解析此处指攀登者可以在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科学家”;local“当地人,本地人”;official“官员”。故选B项。14.A.holding on toB.going back toC.living up toD.giving way to答案D解析上文讲到山脚处是雨林,它在3000米的地方突然结束。“让位”给矮生植物。givewayto“给让位”;holdonto“坚持”;gobac
30、kto“返回”;liveupto“达到”。故选D项。15.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits答案A解析由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变化。故选A项。16.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add答案C解析由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到12种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选C项。17.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake答案B解析此处指的是4000米以上为高原沙漠环境。根据下文的砾石、石头和岩石可知为类沙漠环境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村庄”;roa
31、d“道路”;lake“湖泊”。故选B项。18.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally答案D解析由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest,lowgrowingplants,thickgrass,highlanddesert,还有最后的也是最冷的arctic-likezone(类北极地带),故选D项。19.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial答案A解析本句意为“类北极地带上方有永久的积雪和冰川,但它们可能不久后会融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鲜的”;a
32、rtificial“人造的”。故选A项。20.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire答案B解析文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗?“我”发现恰恰相反。故选B项。五、语篇填空Household garbage sorting and recycling have become a hot topic in Shanghai because of Chinas first compulsory garbage-separation law 1 every household and institution shall classi
33、fy waste into four 2 (category).Those who fail to sort garbage may 3 (fine) up to 200 yuan.Previously,everything went into one bin,so this change has made many people very 4 (worry),who said they were struggling to master the details quickly.Now thanks to the efforts of 5 number of young programmers
34、,discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo 6 calling someone using your smartphone.They have applied speech and image recognition technologies 7 apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage-sep
35、aration rules.Most of the apps and services,which 8(begin) springing up not long ago in app stores,on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay,allow users to type in the name of waste 9 (identify) which category it belongs to.Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the
36、 process much easier,but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese 10 (become) more accustomed to the rules.答案1.that2.categories3.be fined4.worried5.a6.or7.to8.began9.to identify10.becoming六、选词创境运用下列词汇,自己创设一个语境,形成一个小语段。state,tendency,on the whole,on behalf of,put up with,so lon
37、g as,advocate,make contributions to参考范文Ithinktheconferencewasagreatsuccessonthewhole.ThelecturethatMr.Browngaveonbehalfofhiscountrywaswellreceived.Hestatedthatthetemperaturehadthetendencytogoupandthatitisgoingupby1onaverageeveryfiveyears.Headdedthatwewouldntputupwithpollutingourenvironment.Headvocatedthatthegovernmentshouldpunishpollution.Hebelievedthatwewouldhaveabluerskyandcleanerriverssolongaswemakecontributionstoourenvironment.