1、A(2019年江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ Sch
2、ool of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystem
3、s and blocking existing management efforts，” Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”“Populations of critically endangered bir
4、d species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas.”Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians
5、 were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Sc
6、ience director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events，” Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more
7、and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”1How was the UQ research conduct
8、ed?ABy observing extreme weather events.BBy protecting the endangered species.CBy recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.DBy analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.2What does the underlined word “annihilated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?Adestroyed Bdefeated Cdecreased Ddisap
9、peared3Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events?ADrought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations.BDrought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.CBirds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.DCyclones wiped out populations of lizard.4What can we
10、 infer from Professor Watsons words?AAnimals often show negative responses to extreme events.BThe existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.CDifferent methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.DComplete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to
11、species survival.答案与解析文章大意：本文为说明文。昆士兰大学野生动物研究中心今天发布的一份报告显示，上月在昆士兰州北部极端高温下大量飞狐死亡，凸显了该研究的重要性。昆士兰大学的研究揭示了不同物种对重大气候事件的反应。本文主要介绍了这项研究。1C推理判断题。根据第二段“A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various spec
12、ies.(英国昆士兰大学地球与环境科学学院的研究员肖恩麦克斯韦博士领导了一项研究，该研究用了70多年的时间来量化不同物种的反应)”可推知，英国昆士兰大学通过记录动物对极端气候的反应进行了这项研究。故C选项正确。2D词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句中的“leaving none of its kind(一只也不留下)”可知，画线词意为“灭绝的”。A.destroyed遭破坏的；B.defeated击败的；C.decreased减少的；D.disappeared消失的。故D选项正确。3B细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“while mammals and amphibians were most
13、 responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.”可知，哺乳动物和两栖动物对干旱事件最敏感，干旱导致12例哺乳动物的主要种群数量下降。故B选项正确。4D推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的“Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resil
14、ient(易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.(只要有可能，就应该保留高质量和完整的栖息地，因为这些地方是物种对日益增加的极端事件的适应能力最强的地方)”可推知，完整无损的栖息地对物种的生存至关重要。故D选项正确。B(2019年山东省青岛市一模)During Amsterdams chaotic rush hour, nineyearold Lotta Crok cycles to a very busy junction.“Look，” she says.“Theres traffic coming from everywhere.F
15、our trams from four different directions.For a child on a bike thats really confusing！”Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world and her working area is the Dutch capital.You would think this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world.The number of bi
16、cycles in Amsterdam is estimated at 881，000more than the citys 850，000 inhabitants and 63% of the population cycle daily.But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges. Lotta says: “The three biggest problems for us are cars, cycling tourists and scooters (小型摩托)The cars take up too much space,
17、the tourists are always swinging side to side and stop when you least expect it, and the scooters simply run you over.”Lotta became junior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a contest in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun.Her idea was to
18、 add childrens bikes to the popular bike share programme.Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, she has been busy, giving interviews, opening cycling contests in the city and being a jury(评审员)member during the Amsterdam Light Parade, an event in which Amsterdammers decorate their bikes with l
19、ights.She is now planning a meeting with the citys mayor to discuss ideas that children have come up with: “One of our proposals is a bicycle park where children can learn how to cycle.Right now, most of us learn it in the street, which can be quite busy.Another idea is to create an app for tourists
20、 to teach them the rules of cycling, because most of them really dont know.”Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now planning to appoint junior colleagues.“They see it works really well，” Boerma, the senior major, says.“I talk to the parents; Lotta talks t
21、o the children.And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child, you will also make it accessible for others.A city thats good for an eightyearold is also good for an 88yearold.”1Why is a junior cycle mayor appointed in Amsterdam?ATo teach children how to ride.BTo ensure cycling is safer for
22、children.CTo give suggestions to the citys mayor on how to run the city.DTo organize the cycling contests in the city.2Which word can best replace the underlined word “superfluous” in Paragraph 2?Aimportant BunnecessaryCdifficult Dvaluable3What has Lotta done since she became the bike mayor?AShe has
23、 solved the three biggest problems for children cycling in Amsterdam.BShe has won a contest about cycling.CShe has given interviews and been a jury member during a parade.DShe has given proposals to the city mayor.4Whats Boermas attitude to the junior cycle mayor?ACautious. BFavorable.CAmbiguous. DD
24、isapproving.答案与解析文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了阿姆斯特丹市去年任命九岁的洛特克罗克为少年自行车市长的目的以及洛特克罗克为确保儿童骑自行车更安全所采取的努力。这样成功的例子受到了全世界的好评并被积极效仿。1B推理判断题。由第四段“ Lotta became junior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a contest in which school children were asked to come up with plans to make cycling safer and more fun.Her id
25、ea was to add childrens bikes to the popular bike share programme.”可知，去年6月，Lotta获得了一场比赛的冠军，她成为了少年自行车市长。在这场比赛中，学校的孩子们被要求提出让骑自行车更安全、更有趣的计划。她的想法是将儿童自行车添加到流行的自行车共享计划中。所以这场比赛要求学校的孩子们站在自己的角度提出让骑自行车更安全、更有趣的计划。故判断出阿姆斯特丹任命了一位少年自行车市长的目的就是确保儿童骑自行车更安全。故B选项正确。2B词义猜测题。由第二段中的“You would think this challenge would b
26、e superfluous in a city known as the bicycle capital of the world.The number of bicycles in Amsterdam is estimated at 881，000more than the citys 850，000 inhabitantsand 63% of the population cycle daily.”可知，在一个被称为世界自行车之都的城市里，你会认为这个困难是多余的。阿姆斯特丹的自行车数量估计为881 000辆，比该市的85万居民多，占每天骑自行车数量的63%。所以unnecessary“没
27、必要的”最能代替第2段中带下划线的“superfluous”的意思。故B选项正确。3C细节理解题。由第五段中的“Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, she has been busy, giving interviews, opening cycling contests in the city and being a jury (评审员) member”可知，自从Lotta被任命为自行车市长以来，她一直很忙，接受采访，在该市举行自行车比赛，并担任评审员。故C选项正确。4B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“I talk to the paren
28、ts; Lotta talks to the children.And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child, you will also make it accessible for others.A city thats good for an eightyearold is also good for an 88yearold.”可知，“我”和父母交谈，Lotta和孩子们交谈。如果你用一个孩子的眼光来看待这座城市，你也会让其他人去接近它。一个对8岁孩子有益的城市，对88岁的老人也是有益的。所以通过Boerma所说话的内容可以判断出，Boerma对少年自行车市长持支持的态度。故B选项正确。