1、 (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2020昆明摸底调研)A study of 500，000 songs released(发行) in the UK between 1985 and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.In a report published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers at the University of California examined hundreds
2、 of thousands of songs and classified them by their mood. “Happiness is going down, sadness is going up, and at the same time, the songs are becoming more danceable and more partylike，” coauthor Natalia LKomarova told The Associated Press.The study found songs in 2014 like Stay with Me by Sam Smith,
3、 Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Gorgon City have a “low happiness” trend. However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie to You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems to prefer happier songs, even though more and more
4、 unhappy songs are being released each year，” the researchers wrote.Apart from the emotional trends, researchers discovered that dances and pop were the most successful styles of music and that there was a “clear downward” trend, with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s. “So it looks
5、 like, while the overall mood is becoming less happy, people seem to want to forget it all and dance，” Komarova wrote in an email.It was also found that the “maleness” of songsthe frequency of male singers in popular musichad decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful songs are characterised by
6、 a larger percentage of female artists compared to all songs，” they wrote.This discovery appears at a time when the conversation around sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with more male artists and songwriters.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。1The researchers examined lots of son
7、gs to _Afind songs for dances and partiesBchoose songs for a journalCrelease more songsDknow better about songsD解析：推理判断题。本文第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D。A、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有。2Whose music style tends to bring you more happiness?ANatalia LKomarovas.BSam Smiths.
8、CGorgon Citys.DBruce Springsteens.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen.had a high happiness trend.”可知D项正确。Natalia LKomarova为报道的合著者，而非歌手；Sam Smith、Gorgon City所演唱的歌曲有让人开心感降低的趋势，故排除。3What do we know about songs over the past three decades?ARock became popular
9、 in the early 2000s.BFewer unhappy songs came to light every year.CMale singers were better at performing pop music.DFemale artists were less skilled in writing songs.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确。其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符。4What can be a suit
10、able title for the text?APop Music Is Getting SadderBMusic Calls for Sex EqualityCPop Music Has a Long HistoryDMusic Industry Is Going DownA解析：标题归纳题。根据本文首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项。B项仅是本文中提到的一个细节；C项不是本文的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除。B(2020成都高三摸底)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evol
11、ved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses befo
12、re. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or
13、 do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with
14、 the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expand
15、ed brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to
16、 social life. Bigger isnt necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others suggest t
17、hat hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大
18、越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。5In most peoples view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challenges.BSocial and ecological challenges.CEcological challenges.DCompetition with other large animals.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving f
19、orce.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。6Whats the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enough.BIt doesnt tell the cause and effect clearly.CIts hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.DIt doesnt find brain size is connected with problems.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot tell
20、 whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。7Why dont many animals have large brains?AThey dont learn from each other.BThey dont face hard ecolo
21、gical problems.CThey dont need to cooperate with each other.DThey dont keep learning tough skills as they grow.D解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.”可知，只有
22、当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals dont have large brains.BSocial challenges decrease brain size.CEcological challenges increase brain size.DIts unclear whether human brains will e
23、xpand further.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。.七选五(2020长沙统一模拟)It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the tra
24、ck in winter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run and, importantly, not doing more harm than good.Warm up, cool down1_. Your muscles need some time to warm up when its cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once youre finished.D
25、rink waterYou might not feel hot, but thats because sweat evaporates(蒸发) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So be sure to drink water before, during and after coldweather workouts. 2._. A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you dont have to carry it and can have a drink whenever y
26、ou feel like it.3_Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic(合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture. Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, o
27、r beanie(无檐小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. 4._Run into the wind5_. Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you wont have the wind in your face for the second half of y
28、our run, when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.ADress rightBKeep warmCDont go too fast, too soonDStart and finish in the same wayEDont wait to drink water until you feel thirstyFHead out into the wind and come home with it at your backGOn really cold days, wear a mask or scarf ov
29、er your mouth to protect your face【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些注意事项，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿合适的衣物等。1C解析：根据该段小标题Warm up, cool down以及空后的“Your muscles need some time to warm up”可知，C项符合语境。2E解析：根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“So be sure to drink water before, during and after coldweather workouts.”可知，E项“不要等到你感到口渴的时候才喝
30、水”符合语境，衔接上文。3A解析：根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，故选A项。4G解析：空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。5F解析：根据本段的小标题Run into the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。.语法填空(2020陕西部分学校摸底检测) Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1._
31、(find) a deeper appreciation for this season.The change of leaf colors is a common reason given 2._ the love of fall. Each tree reacts 3._(different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other 4._(tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain add
32、itional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect 5._(call) the flightorfight response.Fall is a time of 6._(reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. Im 7._ 18yearold boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There
33、 are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps 8._(move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesnt stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you 9._(go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and dis
34、cover 10._ fall means to you.【解题导语】作者喜欢秋天这个季节，它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，让作者保持前进。1found解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和“went outdoors”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。2for解析：考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用固定搭配the reason for.意为“的原因”，故填介词for。3differently解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。4trees解析：考查名词的单复数。根据语境并分析句子结构可
35、知，此处other修饰名词复数，且谓语动词为复数，故填trees。5is called解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，call和主语This effect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。6reflection解析：考查词性转换。of是介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合空后的preparation可知，此处应填reflection。7an解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。8moving解析：考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，为固定用法，故填moving。9to go解析：考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to go。10what解析：考查宾语从句。根据语境且分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。