1、Unit 1The mass media.阅读理解A2022合肥市第三次质量检测Born on July 1st, 1948, in the small Italian city of Palmi, Roberto Crea was a genius kid. He moved to the Netherlands and majored in Biological Chemistry. It was this university that directed his interest in the synthesis (合成) of nucleotides, the basic units
2、that are required to build DNA. At that time, not many researchers studied the combination of genes (基因), but Robertos strong chemistry background made a historical invention possible. In 1977, he joined the Genentech, Inc. and the gene synthesis team at City of Hope Medical School. The company fund
3、ed Dr. Creas ongoing research on gene synthesis. After working day and night, the brilliant individual finally invented a new procedure that improved the chemical synthesis of genes. Thanks to his rich knowledge and the joint efforts of the excellent Genentech team, he made use of this_discovery to
4、produce the human insulin (胰岛素) genes, A and B. It was his invention that allowed Genentech to be labeled as the first producer of human protein. This benefited hundreds of millions of people suffering from diabetes (糖尿病) all over the world.Today Roberto is known as the father of synthetic insulin a
5、nd had almost won the Nobel Prize. His efforts did not stop after discovering the synthetic insulin; in fact, he was more than driven and tried to make more contributions to the field of biotechnology. His team of experts discovered Ziconotide under his teachings and guidance. According to leading s
6、cientists and researchers, this drug is more powerful and effective than morphine (吗啡), and the best part of this is that it has zero sideeffects. Dr. Roberto Crea has a long list of creditable discoveries and researches that he has achieved in 65 years of his life. He is an inspiration for many ind
7、ividuals who aim to add value to humanity with the help of science.1What may contribute to Robertos invention of the human insulin genes?AHis good luck in his life.BHis curiosity about his study.CHis creative imagination.DHis knowledge of chemistry.2What do the underlined words “this discovery” in P
8、aragraph 2 refer to?AA special way of producing human protein.BA reliable method for curing people of diabetes.CA new procedure for improving gene synthesis.DA simple technique of separating human genes.3What do we know about Roberto in Paragraph 3?AHe won a Nobel Prize.BHe stuck to his scientific r
9、esearch.CHe discovered morphine with his team.DHe retired after making the great discovery.4Which of the following best describes Roberto?AEnthusiastic and generous. BCourageous and calm.CAmbitious and patient. DDevoted and talented.B2022南京市高三第三次模拟考试With the worlds attention on vaccines (疫苗), now it
10、 feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development. Three hundred years ago this month, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated (接种) against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way. Without Mo
11、ntagus willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey. Inoculation had started in Asia, probably in China, as early as
12、the 10th century AD. Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus (脓) from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on peoples wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infection.Like other visito
13、rs to the country, Montagu took steps to ensure that her son was inoculated. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income.
14、Some people also disagree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature.Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventually, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because she believed that the rewar
15、ds would outweigh the risks. After a safe time had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice. About 80 years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely. As early as la
16、st century, academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.5What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe origin of smallpox inoculation.BMontagus first access to inoculation.CThe benef
17、its from smallpox inoculation. DTurkish womens invention of inoculation.6Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because _.Ait was against human natureBit might harm doctors interestsCit was beyond doctors abilities Dit might shake some peoples belief7What led doctors in Britain to
18、accept inoculation?AThe increased severity of smallpox infections.BA physicians discovery of smallpox vaccines.CThe result of Montagus daughters inoculation.DMontagus focus on its rewards rather than its risks.8What might be the best title of the text?AAn Unsung HeroBNo Limit to CreationCDevelopment
19、 of VaccinesDA Historic Medical InnovationC2022合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测Global health experts say that each year some of the 1.5 million people die from vaccinepreventable diseases due to gaping holes in medical recordkeeping, especially in developing countries where resources to properly document immunization
20、s (免疫注射) may be lacking.To solve that_problem,_researchers headed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have invented a way to deliver vaccines (疫苗) through a microneedle patch (小片) that is buried in the skin. Its a record that cant be seen, written in quantum dots that contai
21、n vaccination history and give off light only readable by a specially equipped smartphone. The scientists say it doesnt require any link to a database and it doesnt tie any personal information into it.For now, the patch can only contain a handful of simple shapes. But adding more microneedles could
22、 make the designs more complex, potentially conveying information about a vaccinations date, dosage and more. From there, reading the dots becomes a lot like scanning a QR code. These designs could be scanned and interpreted by smartphones, and someday allow health providers to access patients past
23、vaccinations without chaos of external records.The next step, before trials in people, is to test its practicability among experts in the field. The researchers now plan to work with health care workers in developing nations in Africa to get input on the best way to carry out this type of vaccinatio
24、n recordkeeping.“Ultimately, we believe that this invisible onbody technology opens up new possibilities for data storage and biosensing applications that could influence the way medical care is provided, especially in the developing world, ” the researchers conclude.9What do the underlined words “t
25、hat problem” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AFew medical resources.BWrong ways to deliver vaccines.CLack of vaccination recordkeeping.DThe fact that no vaccinations are required in developing countries.10What can we learn about quantum dots?AThey keep a record of the vaccination.BThey need to be connected
26、to a database.CThey give away ones personal information.DThey can read light produced by smartphones.11How will health providers access patients past vaccinations?ABy reading the QR code.BBy scanning the design.CBy interpreting external records.DBy increasing microneedles.12What do the researchers e
27、xpect of the new technology?AIt will be costsaving.BIt will hit the market soon.CIt may ensure the accuracy of data.DIt may bring changes to medical care.完形填空2022广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)A famous theorist once said, “I dont divide the world into the weak and the strong, or the successes and the failures.I d
28、ivide the world into the learners and the nonlearners.” What on earth would make someone a nonlearner? Everyone is born with an intense _1_ to learn. Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for _2_ tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like learning to walk and talk. They n
29、ever decide its too hard or not worth the _3_. Babies dont worry about making mistakes or _4_ themselves. They walk, they fall, they _5_.What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become _6_ of challenges. They wo
30、rry about not being _7_. My research team have studied thousands of children from preschoolers, and its breathtaking how many _8_ an opportunity to learn.We offered fouryearolds a _9_： they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one. Even at this young age, children with a fixed mindset stuc
31、k with the _10_ one. They believe smart kids dont make _11_.Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a _12_ choice. Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle _13_？ They chose increasingly difficult ones instead.Believing that success is about learning, children with a growth
32、 mindset seized the chance. But those with a fixed mindset didnt want to expose their _14_. This is how a fixed mindset makes people into _15_.1A.fear BdriveCcompetition Dconcentration2A.crucial Bmental Cordinary Dparticular3A.attention Beffort Cinterest Dtime4A.confusing Bbehaving Cpunishing Dhurti
33、ng5A.get up Bgive up Cshow up Dshut up6A.afraid Bashamed Cconfident Dignorant7A.adorable Bcurious Cmodest Dsmart8A.seize Bruin Creject Drequire9A.lesson Bchoice Cgift Dgame10A.challenging Binteresting Cnew Dsimple11A.decisions Bjigsaws Cmistakes Dpredictions12A.strange Bpromising Cprofitable Ddiffic
34、ult13A.repeatedly Bunwillingly Cautomatically Dproperly14A.secrets Bthoughts Cpreferences Dweaknesses15A.theorists BperfectionistsCnonlearners Drisktakers.应用文写作2022重庆市第二次调研假定你是李华。你的新西兰朋友Mark在书信中提到对中国历史很感兴趣，想请你给他介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Mark回信，内容包括：1你喜欢的历史人物是谁；2该历史人物的主要贡献；3该历史人物对你的影响。注意：1写作词数应为80左右；2请按如下格式作
35、答。Dear Mark，There are many famous people in Chinese history，_Yours，Li Hua课时作业(十七).阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会人物故事合成胰岛素之父Roberto Crea【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了合成胰岛素之父Roberto Crea的相关故事。他早年凭借自己的天资和刻苦努力研发出了人类胰岛素基因，并差点获得诺贝尔奖。但他没有满足于自己的成就，而是在科研的道路上不懈追求。1答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“At that time，not many researchers studied.a
36、 historical invention possible”可知，Roberto较强的化学背景让他能够完成这项发现。故D项正确。2答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词所在句中的“他利用这项发现生产出了人类胰岛素基因”和语境可知，“这项发现”指的是第二段中的“a new procedure that improved the chemical synthesis of genes”。故C项正确。3答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“His efforts did not stop.the field of biotechnology.”可知，Roberto没有满足于自
37、己的成就，而是一直坚持科学研究。故B项正确。4答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。从第一段中的“Roberto Crea was a genius kid.”“Robertos strong chemistry background made a historical invention possible.”可知，Roberto是一个天赋异禀的人；再根据第三段中的“His efforts did not.in fact, he was more than driven and tried to make more contributions to the field of biotechnology
38、.”可知，Roberto是一个非常专注的科学家。故D项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会历史人物推动疫苗接种的先行者【语篇解读】三百年前，英国的Mary Wortley Montagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。5答案与解析：B考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第二段可知，该段首句“Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey.”为第二段的主题句；结合下文内容可知，
39、该段主要讲述了Montagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过。故B项正确。6答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第三句“Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income.”可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益。故B项正确。7答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。
40、根据第四段尾句“After a safe time had passed following the inoculation，Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.”可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。根据第五段首句“Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice.”可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受。故C项正确。8答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。通读
41、全文可知，本文首句“With the worlds attention on vaccines (疫苗), now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development.”是全文的主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地让她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A项最适合作为本文标题。干扰项分析B项太空乏，与主题无关；C项没有突出主题；D项意为“一项历史性的医
42、学创新”，与主题无关。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会医学进步微针贴片【语篇解读】世界卫生专家称每年在150万人中，有一些人由于疫苗接种记录缺失而死亡，为了解决这一问题，由麻省理工学院的一个小组带领的研究者们发明了一种通过埋在皮肤里的微针贴片输送疫苗的方法。9答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据第一段内容可知，由于缺乏免疫注射记录，一些人死于疫苗可预防的疾病，这就是研究者们要解决的问题。故C项正确。10答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“quantum dots that contain vaccination history”可知，量子点包含疫苗接种史。故A项正确。1
43、1答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“These designs could be scanned and interpreted by smartphones，and someday allow health providers to access patients past vaccinations without chaos of external records.”可知，医务人员可以通过扫描微针贴片的图案来了解病人的疫苗接种史。故B项正确。12答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“Ultimately，we believe that this inv
44、isibleonbodytechnology opens up new possibilities for data storage and biosensing applications that could influence the way medical care is provided”可知，研究者们希望微针贴片可以为医疗保健带来改变。故D项正确。.完形填空语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与自我生活与学习学习者与“非学习者”【语篇解读】一个著名的理论学家曾说他会把这个世界划分为“学习者”和“非学习者”两部分，那么究竟是什么原因让一个人变成“非学习者”呢？如果孩子有成长性的思维模式，那么他
45、们既不会停止学习，也不怕困难与挑战，最终会成为“学习者”。相比之下，有固定思维模式的孩子会因惧怕暴露自己的弱点而停止学习，成为“非学习者”。考点分布：名词6个，形容词5个，动词(短语)3个，副词1个。1答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据下文中的“Babies rise to the learning challenge daily.”可推知，每个人生来都有强大的学习动力。因此选B。drive “(人的)强烈欲望，本能需求”。2答案与解析：C考查逻辑推断。根据not just.but.结构可知此处所选的词需要与difficult对应，ordinary“普通的，一般的”符合语境。因此选C。3答案与解
46、析：B考查语境推断。根据下文提示“Babies dont worry about making mistakes.they _5_”可知，他们从不认为这太难或是不值得付出努力。因此选B。4答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据语境可知，婴儿不担心犯错、受伤，他们学习走路，摔倒后会再站起来。因此选D。5答案与解析：A考查语境推断及常识判断。根据语境及常识判断，他们摔倒后会选择站起来。因此选A。6答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据语境可知，空处所选的词的意思需要与上文中的fearless相反，A项为“害怕的”，B项为“羞愧的”，C项为“自信的”，D项为“无知的”。因此选A。7答案与解析：D考查语境推断和词
47、义复现。根据第四段中的“They believe smart kids dont make _11_.”可知，此处意为他们担心自己不够聪明。因此选D。8答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据语境可知，上文提及孩子们一旦能够评估自己，他们中的一些人就会害怕挑战，由此推断此处为他们中的很多人拒绝了学习的机会。因此选C。9答案与解析：B考查语境推断和词义复现。根据下文中的“they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one”可知，此处意为我们给四岁的孩子们提供一个选择，他们可以选择重拼一个简单的拼图或者完成一个更难的，下一段中的choice也是提
48、示。因此选B。10答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据语境及下文暗示“Why would anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle _13_？”可知，此处意为“那些有固定思维模式的孩子会继续玩简单的拼图游戏”。因此选D。11答案与解析：C考查逻辑推断和词义复现。根据第二段中的“Babies dont worry about making mistakes”及语境逻辑推断，此处应为“他们认为聪明的孩子不会犯错误”。因此选C。12答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据语境可知，此处意为有成长性思维的孩子们认为反复玩同样的拼图游戏是一个奇怪的选择。因此选A。13答案与
49、解析：A考查逻辑推断。参见上题解析。A项为“反复地”，B项为“不愿意地”，C项为“自动地”，D项为“恰当地”。因此选A。14答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据语境可知，那些有固定思维模式的孩子们并不想暴露他们的缺点。因此选D。15答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据语境可知，不想暴露自己的缺点就是这些有固定思维模式的孩子成为“非学习者”的原因。因此选C。.应用文写作参考范文：DearMark，TherearemanyfamouspeopleinChinesehistory, among whom I like Lu Xun best. Lu Xun was a famous writer and f
50、ighter in the last century, who made a great contribution to Chinese people. First, he wrote a variety of passages to teach people. Then, he introduced advanced scientific and cultural ideas. Finally, he established a new form of the Chinese novel.He showed us that we should learn and master knowledge to protect ourselves. I will remember him and take him as my light in my life.Yours，LiHua
