1、专题07 Unit 5 Humans and Nature Grammar (关系副词引导的定语从句+构词法)精品导学案 (解析版)导学案目录1关系副词引导的定语从句精讲精练2构词法基础知识3好题再练（一）基础题4好题再练（二）中档题5好题再练（三）拔高题一、关系副词引导的定语从句考点清单一、关系副词where 要点精讲：where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语；先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）【即时训练】在空白
2、处填入1个适当的单词。1. Self-drivingisanarea_ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.2. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. 3. Remember that there is still one point _ we must make clear tomorrow.4. Today, well discuss some cases _ beginners of English f
3、ail to use the language properly. 5. He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident. 【答案与解析】1. where。先行词anarea在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。2. where。先行词是抽象名词point，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。3. that/which。定语从句含有makeclear结构，因此从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。4. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。
4、故答案是where。5. where。先行词是名词letter，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语，相当于in which。故答案是where。考点清单二、关系副词when 要点精讲：when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语；先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1. I will never forget the months _I spent with my cousin in Beijing.2. People are living in an age _many j
5、obs are done on computer. 3. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 4. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who went missing two years before. 【答案与解析】1. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。2. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。3.
6、when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨在一起，而是被谓语are gone分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。4.when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。考点清单三、关系副词why 要点：why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语；why还可以用于The reason whyis that句型。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1. Do you know the reason _Jim failed to come today?2. The reason _Jim failed to c
7、ome was _he was seriously ill. 【答案与解析】1. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。2. why; that。The reason whyis that是固定句型，表示“之所以是因为”。故答案是why; that。考点清单四、关系副词that要点：that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。1. I dont like the way _you speak to her. 2. I dont like the way _they adopted to solve the p
8、roblem. 【答案与解析】1. that。that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），2. that/which。本句中先行词the way在句中作宾语。二、构词法英语构词法主要有三种：合成由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。转化由一种词性转化为另一种词性。派生通过加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。一、合成法由两个或更多的词合成一个词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词之间有的用连字符“”，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1合成名词。名词名词 headmaster校长代词名词 shegoat雌山羊 sheco
9、usin表(堂)姐妹名词动名词 shipbuilding造船(业) speedreading快速阅读名词动词er(or) painkiller止痛药形容词名词 highway公路动词副词 gettogether聚会，联欢会副词动词 output产量；upkeep保养，维修介词(副词)名词 upland高地，山地副词名词 upshot结局分词副词 grownup成年人名词介词 lookeron旁观者；passerby路人动词介词 gobetween中间人，媒人名词介词名词 soninlaw女婿；sisterinlaw嫂子2.合成形容词。形容词名词ed warmhearted热心肠的 coldbl
10、ooded冷血的数词名词ed threelegged三条腿的形容词名词ed middleaged中年的 barefooted赤脚的形容词现在分词 goodlooking好看的 easygoing容易相处的形容词过去分词 newborn新生的；readymade现成的副词现在分词 hardworking勤劳的名词现在分词 Englishspeaking说英语的 peaceloving爱好和平的副词过去分词 newlybuilt新建的 wellknown闻名的名词过去分词 manmade人造的 heartfelt由衷的形容词名词 everyday日常的 highclass高级的数词名词形容词 tw
11、elveyearold十二岁的 fivemeterlong五米长的3.合成副词。介词名词 underfoot脚下 beforehand事先形容词名词 anyway无论如何副词名词 upstairs在楼上；downstairs在楼下副词副词 however无论如何，然而，可是代词副词 anywhere任何地方 somehow不知怎么地形容词副词 nowhere没有地方代词名词 someday(今后)有一天 someway以某种方式副词介词 nearby附近4.合成动词。副词动词 overthrow推翻；overcome克服名词动词 typewrite打字；sleepwalk梦游形容词动词 bro
12、adcast广播；whitewash粉刷二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。动词名词 walk v行走walk n散步 swim v游泳swim n游泳 build v建造build n体格表示物体的 book n书book v预订 can n罐头can v把装成罐头 ship n船ship v用船运输表示人体部位的 hand n手hand v递交 shoulder n肩膀shoulder v肩负head n头head v朝方向表示一类人的 nurse n护士nurse v护理 fool n傻子fool v愚弄表示自然现象的 rain n雨rain v下雨 snow n雪sno
13、w v下雪 wind n风wind v迂回形容词动词 dry adj.干的dry v使变干 empty adj.空的empty v倒出，空出三、派生法即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单纯意义相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。1前缀构成法。dis 不，否定 dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的un 不；做相反动作 unable不能够；unlucky不幸的 undress脱衣服；unload卸货in、im、ir、il 不，非 inactive不活跃的； impossible不可能
14、的 irregular不规则的non 不，非 nonexistent不存在的；nonstop不停的mis 错误的； 坏的 misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运re 重复，再 rewrite重写；remarry再婚；retell复述en 使能够 enable使能够；enrich使丰富；encourage鼓励ex 以前的，前任的 exwife前妻super在上面；超级 superstar巨星；supermodel超级模特；supermarket超市under在之下 underground地下的；underestimate低估sub在下；次于，低于 subway地(下)道，地铁；
15、submarine潜水艇inter相互； 之间 international国际的；interact相互作用auto自己的，独自的 automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传over 太，过度，多 overfull太满的，过多的； overweigh胜过，强过extra额外，以外，特殊pre预先，在之前 predict预告；preview预习2.后缀构词法。(1)名词后缀。age 状态，集合 shortage缺少；marriage婚姻an/ian 人，家 American美国人；Italian意大利人；musician音乐家ence/ance 构成抽象名词 evidence
16、证据；importance重要性；significance重要性；dependence依靠cion/sion/tion/ation 动作；状态 suspicion怀疑；explosion爆炸； repetition重复；organization组织ee动作的承受者或受影响者 employee受雇者；refugee难民er/or人或物 cooker炊具；writer作家；operator操作员；actor演员；tractor拖拉机ess指女性 waitress女服务员；actress女演员；hostess女主人ism主义，教 socialism社会主义；capitalism资本主义；commun
17、ism共产主义；Buddhism佛教ist主义者；家 socialist社会主义者；communist共产主义者；scientist科学家；dentist牙医ment行为，结果，状态，性质 movement运动；achievement成就；government政府；equipment设备；ship关系，身份 seamanship航海术；friendship友谊；citizenship公民身份hood身份，性质，时代 adulthood成年；neighbourhood四邻；knighthood骑士身份；childhood童年ty状态，性质 honesty诚实；difficulty困难；anxie
18、ty焦虑ure结果，行为，状态，实物 pleasure高兴；picture图画；pressure压力al动作过程，结果 approval同意；arrival到达；到达的人(2)形容词后缀。able/ible/ ble tolerable可忍受的； unbelievable不可信的；responsible负责的al traditional传统的；national国家的；continental大陆的ed talented有才华的；learned有学识的；interested感兴趣的en wooden木制的；woolen毛纺的；golden金色的ful careful细心的；beautiful漂亮的
19、；colorful鲜艳的；helpful有帮助的ic/ical electric电的；electrical与电有关的；political政治的；electronic电子的ish selfish自私的；childish孩子气的ive creative有创造力的；productive有生产能力的；active活跃的less careless粗心的；priceless无价的；limitless无限的；useless无用的ly friendly友好的；motherly母亲般的；deadly致命的；weekly每周的ous/ious courageous有勇气的；mountainous多山的；dange
20、rous危险的；glorious光荣的ward downward向下的；upward向上的；inward向里的；outward向外的；backward向后的y rainy多雨的；windy多风的；dusty满是灰尘的；misty有薄雾的，朦胧的(3)动词后缀。en使变得；使成为 deepen加深；harden使变得坚固；lengthen延长；sharpen使锋利fy使化 beautify使美化；classify分类；terrify使害怕；satisfy使满意ize/ise使变成 industrialize使工业化；realize实现(4)副词后缀。ly beautifully漂亮地；caref
21、ully仔细地，细心地；quickly快速地wards downwards向下；upwards向上；inwards向里；outwards向外；forwards向前；backwards向后好题再练（一）基础题1. The factory _ we used to work has been closed down.2. The factory in _ we used to work has been closed down.3. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.4. I dont like the way_ isnt scientific.5. I
22、t was in the hospital_ he came across a friend of his.6. It was the hospital_ he came across a friend of his.7. Do you still remember the days _ we studied together?8. Do you still remember the days _ we spent together?9. Is this the museum _ you once worked?10. Is this the museum _ you once visited
23、?11. Is this the reason _he was absent from school yesterday?12. Is this the reason _he gave for absence from school yesterday?1. where 2. which 3. that 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. when 8. that/which 9. where 10. that/which 11. why 12. that/which 好题再练（二）中档题1. We live in an age _ more informati
24、on is available with greater ease than ever before. 2. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 3. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 4. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. 5. I thi
25、nk youve got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail. 6. Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales. 7. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _the audience can buy an icecream. 8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the enviro
26、nment _ they live.9. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 10. Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.1. when 2. when 3. where 4. where 5. where 6. where 7. when 8. where 9. when 10. where 好题再练（一）拔高题1. Then, handle the mos
27、t important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _ (achieve). 2. _ (similar), when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool, he forgot to return it, too. 3. The high-speed train that connects the two cities is both fast and _ (comfort). 4. As they couldnt play
28、 outdoors, they were _ (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time. 5. My mother _ (courage) me and insisted that I continue my education. 6. While still at primary school, Rowan had already shown _ (admire) acting talent. 7. That young man is honest, cooperative and always there when y
29、ou need his help. In short, hes _ (rely). 8. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a _ (slightly) chance of rain later tonight. 9. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and_(taste). 10. I cant find my keys anywhere theyve completely _ (appear). 1. achievement2. Similarly3. comfortable4. unhappy5. encouraged6. admirable7. reliable8. slight9. tasty10. disappeared