1、名词、冠词、数词误用小题必练10:名词、冠词、数词误用易错考点:名词易错点的考查:名词单复数;可数名词和不可数名词的区分。冠词易错点的考查:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的误用。数词易错点的考查:基数词和序数词的误用。1.(2020全国I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.【答案】chopstick改为chopsticks【解析】考查名词的数。根据常识可知,此处应用复数形式,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。2.(2020全国I卷)Then I put the tomatoes
2、 and the beaten eggs into pan together. 【答案】在pan前加the【解析】考查冠词。前文提到了pan,此处再次提到,应用定冠词,故在pan前加the。3.(2020全国II卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】vacations为vacation【解析】考查名词。summer vacation作为整体时,不需要用复数形式,故改vacations为vacation。4.(2020全国III卷)My mom is really concerned with the he
3、alth of everyone in our families.【答案】families改成family【解析】考查名词单复数。family当“家庭”讲时,是集合名词,这里表示“我们一家”,所以用单数,families改成family。5.(2020全国III卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.【答案】the改成a【解析】考查冠词。句意:例如:每天早晨,我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤,而我必须吃一个苹果。泛指一碗鸡蛋汤,bowl以辅音音
4、素开头,用不定冠词a,所以the改成a。6.(2019全国I卷)Suddenly football feel just in front of me and almost hit me.【答案】在football前加a【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a。7.(2019全国I卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly.【答案】player改为players【解析】考查名词的数。“player(运动员)”为可数名词,所以All(所有的
5、)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。8.(2019全国II卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.【答案】job改为jobs【解析】考查名词的数。“job(工作;职业)”为可数名词,用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。9.(2019全国II卷)Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked m
6、y English teacher so much.【答案】five改为fifth【解析】考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的,所以在“几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。10.(2019全国III卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.【答案】an改为a【解析】考查冠词。句中的“unique”是辅音开头,故用a。an用于元音开头,故将an改为a。【技巧点拨】a与an的用法区别(1)基本区别:原则上说,a用于辅音前;an用于元音前。辅音前用a的例子如a book,a stud
7、ent,a school,a house,a magazine等,元音前用an的例子如an egg,an apple,an object,an idea,an ugly thing等。(2)易错说明:hour,honest,honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用an。反过来,有些单词虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以辅音开头,那么它们的前面应用a而不是an,这些词常见的有useful,university,usual,European,united,one-eyed,one-way等。另外,对于数字、字母以及由单词首字母构成的缩略词,其前到底是用a还是a
8、n,也需根据读音来确定,如:He has an 11-year-old daughter.他有一个11岁大的女儿。Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money.我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号。数词在表示基数词时,要特别注意hundred,thousand,million,billion等几个词的用法:若其前用了基数词,则不论其面是否有of,都必须用单数形式(此时若带of则通常表示特定范围中的一部分);若泛指数百、数千、数百万等,则用hundreds of,thousands of,millions of等这样的结构。一、单句改错1.
9、I was looking at the photoes on the noticeboard.【答案】photoes改为photos【解析】考查名词复数。句意:我在看布告栏上的照片。photo(照片)为名词,虽然由辅音字母以o结尾,但是外来词,其复数形式为photos。故将photoes改为photos。2. Being curious, believing in what was true made her a success that she is today.【答案】a改成the【解析】考查冠词。句意:好奇,相信真实,让她成为了今天这样的成功人士。success表示抽象意义上的“成功”
10、时,是不可数名词;表示具体意义上的“成功的人或事”时,是可数名词。此处是指成功的人,所以success是可数名词,其后有定语从句that she is today修饰是特指。故将a改成the。3. In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.【答案】eighteen改为eighteenth【解析】考查序数词。句意:十八岁生日后的暑假,我上了驾驶课。分析句子可知,此处表示的是第十八个生日,故把eighteen改为eighteenth。4. The Olympic Games are he
11、ld every four year.【答案】four改为fourth或year改为years【解析】考查数词用法。句意:奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。every与基数词、序数词等连用表示时间或空间的间隔,意为“每”。后跟基数词时,基数词大于1,其后的名词用复数形式,故“每四年”是:every four years;every后跟序数词时其后的名同用单数,故可用every fourth year表示每四年。综上,将year改为years或将four改为fourth。5. Reading is a good habit.Stick to it, and youll make a great pr
12、ogress.【答案】去掉a【解析】考查零冠词。句意:阅读是一种好习惯。坚持下去,你会取得很大进步的。名词progress为不可数名词,所以不用冠词a。故去掉a。6. The computer is an useful machine that can do many things for you.【答案】an改为a【解析】考查冠词。句中的“useful”是辅音开头,故用a。an用于元音开头,故将an改为a。7.While visiting the campus the other day, we met with several Germen.【答案】Germen改为Germans【解析】考
13、查名词单复数。句意:前几天参观校园时,我们遇到了几个德国人。German的复数是Germans,所以Germen改成Germans。8. Radio and television are important mean of the spread of information.【答案】mean改为means【解析】考查名词。句意:无线电广播和电视是重要的传播信息的方式。由上文“Radio and television are”可知此处应用means,意为方式,单复数同形。故mean改为means。9. Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with
14、the nature.【答案】去掉the【解析】考查零冠词。句意:我对与大自然有关的一切都变得如此狂热。nature作“自然界,自然,大自然”讲时,不加任何冠词。故去掉the。10. The earth is nearly forty-nine times as larger as the moon.【答案】larger改为large【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意:地球约是月球的49倍大。表示“是的(多少)倍”,由“倍数+as+形容词(或副词)原级+as”或者由“倍数+形容词(或副词)比较级+than”表示。本句属于前者,故将larger改为large。二、短文改错Passage 1Dear T
15、om,Im glad to know that you are interesting in Beijing Opera. Now let me give you a brief introduce to it. Although it is called Beijing Opera, whose origins are in the provinces of Anhui and Hubei.Known for a national opera, Beijing Opera has a long history and considered as one of the worlds three
16、 ancient operas. And it has the four roles, include sheng, dan, jing and chou. The characters are divided into beauty and ugliness, kindness and evil, which are presented vivid.The stage design of Beijing Opera is usually simple. However, symbols play an important role. Performers tend to use our bo
17、dy movements to represent actions.Yours,Li Hua【答案】1.第一句,interesting改为interested2.第二句,introduce改为introduction3.第三句,whose改为its4.第四句,for改为as5.第四句,在considered前加is6.第五句,去掉the7.第五句,include改为including8.第六句,vivid改为vividly9.第八句,However改为Therefore10.第九句,our改为their【解析】本文是一篇书信,作者向对方简要介绍了京剧。1.考查形容词。beinterested
18、in表示对感兴趣,故interesting改为interested。2.考查名词。句意:现在让我给你简要介绍一下(京剧)。作动词give的宾语用名词,故introduce改为introduction。3.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:虽然被称为京剧,但它起源于安徽和湖北两省。分析句子结构可知此处是让步状语从句而不是非限定性定语从句,指代Beijing Operas,故whose改为its。4.考查固定搭配。句意:京剧被称为国粹,拥有悠久的历史,并且被认为是世界三大古代戏剧之一。known as表示“被称为,以而著称”,故for改为as。5.考查被动语态。Beijing Opera与conside
19、r之间是被动关系,而且陈述的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时的被动语态,故在considered前加is。6.考查定冠词。句意:京剧有生、旦、净、丑四大角色。此处泛指四个角色,不需要用定冠词,故去掉the。7.考查介词。此处应该用介词including,表示包括,故include改为including。8.考查副词。句意:人物分为美与丑、善与恶,形象生动。修饰动词presented用副词,故vivid改为vividly。9.考查连接副词。句意:京剧的舞台设计通常很简单。因此,行为起着重要的作用。前后是因果而非转折关系,故However改为Therefore。10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:表演者
20、倾向于用他们的肢体语言来表现动作。此处指代Performers,故our改为their。Passage 2Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon. A man walks on the sidewalk, a smartphone in hand and complete absorbed in the digital world. Just as what computers achieved before, smartphones are now changing your life.I used to communicating with f
21、riends by phone or QQ, but now I have been switched to WeChat, a popular app that allow me to contact my friends. Its good way to know my friends daily life. I can also receive the late news through WeChat.I am truly grateful to the convenience brought by it, but meanwhile I feel deeply anxious. To
22、stay informed, I constantly update my WeChat. Thats because I often find myself distracted. Therefore, we should be careful not to become slave of the smartphones.【答案】1.第二句,complete改为completely。2.第三句,your改为our。3.第四句,communicating改为communicate。4.第四句,删去been。5.第四句,allow改为allows。6.第五句,在good前加a。7.第六句,lat
23、e改为latest。8.第七句,to改为for。9.第九句,because改为why。10.第十句,slave改为slaves。【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章谈到了智能手机给我们带来的方便和危害。我们应该小心不要成为智能手机的奴隶。1.考查副词。此处absorbed是过去分词,副词修饰过去分词,故把complete改为completely。2.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:正如电脑以前所取得的成就一样,智能手机正在改变我们的生活。故把your改为our。3.考查固定结构。used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事,故把communicating改为communicate。4.考查主动语态。
24、句意:但现在我换成了微信。此处是主动关系,而不是被动关系,故把been去掉。5.考查主谓一致。句意:一个现在很流行,可以让我与朋友保持联系的应用程序。此处app是先行词,单数第三人称形式,在后面的定语从句中作主语,句子用一般现在时态,故把allow改为allows。6.考查不定冠词。句意:这是了解我朋友日常生活的一个好方法。结合句意可知在good前面添加a。7.考查形容词最高级。句意:我也可以通过微信接收到最新的消息。此处用最高级,故把late改为latest。8.考查固定词组。固定词组:be grateful to sth.“对某事感激”,故把to改为for。9.考查表语从句。句意:这就是为
25、什么我经常发现自己心烦意乱。此处是why引导的表语从句,故把because改为why。10.考查名词复数。句意:因此,我们应该小心不要成为智能手机的奴隶。结合句意可知此处应该用名词复数,故把slave改为slaves。Passage 3The Mid-Autumn Festival fall on the 15th of the eight month in Chinese lunar calendar. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoyed great popularity in our countr
26、y. Usual, no matter how far away or how busy we are, we will try to come to home for the celebration. The moon that night looks the brighter in the whole lunar month. That we love most is the moment when we enjoy the full moon together. With the beautiful moon up in night sky, we sit together, eatin
27、g mooncakes and fruit and sharing their stories. In addition to these traditional activity, we have a variety of choices such as travelling or visiting our relatives or friends.【答案】1.第一句,fall改为falls2.第一句,eight改为eighth3.第二句,enjoyed改为enjoying4.第三句,Usual改为Usually5.第三句,come后的to去掉6.第四句,brighter改为brightes
28、t7.第五句,That改为What8.第六句,在in后加the9.第六句,their改为our10.第七句,activity改为activities【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中秋节以及中秋节的习俗和活动。1.考查主谓一致。句意:中国阴历的8月15日是中秋节。这是一个常识,每年都如此,所以这句话应用一般现在时。The Mid-Autumn Festival为第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故将fall改为falls。2.考查序数词。这里的八月是按顺序数的第八个月,所以数词应用序数词。故将eight改为eighth。3.考查时态。句意:作为一个中国传统的节日,中秋节
29、已经在我们国家广为流行。“enjoy popularity”意为受欢迎。由于是中秋节广受欢迎,所以这个动作是主动的动作。故将enjoyed改为enjoying。4.考查副词。句意:通常,无论我们离得多远,有多忙,我们都会尽量回家过节。“通常”位于句首,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。故将Usual改为Usually。5.考查动词短语。回家翻译为:come home,其中home是副词,其前不需要加介词。故将come后的to去掉。6.考查形容词最高级。句意:那天晚上的月亮在整个阴历月中看起来是最亮的。由“in the whole lunar month”可知,形容词应用最高级形式。故将brighte
30、r改为brightest。7.考查主语从句。句意:我们最喜欢的是大家聚在一起赏月。这是一个主语从句,且从句缺主语,所以应用连接词what。故将That改为What。8.考查定冠词。句意:美丽的月亮挂在夜空上,我们坐在一起,吃着月饼和水果,诉说着我们的故事。在天上应翻译为:in the sky,故在in后加the。9.考查物主代词。根据句意,此处是“我们分享属于我们的故事”,此处代词与前边的we呼应,故将their改为our。10.考查名词的数。句意:除了这些传统的活动,我们还有很多选择,例如旅行或者拜访亲朋好友。由于活动前由these修饰,且activity可数,所以应用其复数形式。故将activity改为activities。