1、单元主题语境人与自我之健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度(2018高考北京卷)话题：无人驾驶机器人汽车词数：493难度：Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles beg
2、an giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isnt leading the way here.Companies have been
3、testing their vehicles in cities across the country.Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is r
4、egulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.The arrival of drive
5、rless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copyor even worsenthe traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work
6、 on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dr
7、y cleaning，they send the selfdriving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ridehailing (叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrolpowered private cars wor
8、ldwide with electric，selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars wil
9、l almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services，considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题)But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start th
10、inking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people
11、，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。47According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can .Ahelp deal with transportationrelated problemsBprovide better services to customersCcause damage to
12、our environmentDmake some people lose jobs解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety .offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。故选A。答案：A48As for driverless cars，what is the authors major concern?ASafety.BSide effects
13、.CAffordability.DManagement.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers should start thinking now about .the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，故选D。答案：D49What does the underlined word “fielded” in paragraph 4 probably mean?AEmployed.BRepl
14、aced.CShared.DReduced.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly”并结合下句中“as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。故选A。答案：A50What is the authors attitude to th
15、e future of selfdriving cars?ADoubtful.BPositive.CDisapproving.DSympathetic.解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后三句话可推知作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来是充满希望的。因此选B。答案：B一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1environmentally friendly 环保的；不损害环境的2packed adj.异常拥挤的3suggest vt.表明4appealing adj.有吸引力的5present vt.提供二、思维品质1阅读技巧三步巧解作者态度观点题(1)掌握三个解题切入点：论述方法；措辞；语气。(2)明确作者三类态度：
16、支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。第50题，根据最后一段最后两句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。(3)干扰项的五个特征：漠不关心；模糊表达；绝对化；过于强烈；文中其他人的态度。2分析长难句并翻译句子They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，ente
17、rtain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.分析to and from work 表示“上下班”，because引导原因状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个先行句。翻译他们容忍上下班时在拥挤的公路上长时间、缓慢的旅程，因为他们可以在乘车时工作、娱乐或者睡觉，这促使了城市的蔓延。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你怎样看待人工智能？人工智能是引领未来的战略性技术。人工智能已成为经济发展的新引擎、社会发展的加速器，人工智能技术正在渗透并重构生产、分配、交换、消费等经济活动各个环节，形成从
18、宏观到微观各领域的智能化新需求、新产品、新技术、新业态，改变人类生活方式甚至社会结构，实现社会生产力的整体跃升。授课提示：对应学生用书第147页NO.1单词在语境中应用，在拓展中记多 01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1constant interruptions无休止的干扰2instant coffee 速溶咖啡3lack confidence缺乏自信4fasten it to a tree把它系在树上5tolerate the noise忍受噪音6a flash of lightning一道闪电7a previous marriage 前一段婚姻8a greedy little
19、boy一个贪吃的小男孩9an optimistic mood乐观的情绪10turn into desert变成沙漠11according to the timetable根据时刻表12a lasting impression 持久的印象13foreign press 外国报刊14a light switch 电灯开关再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1You can adjust the desks and chairs to the height of the students as the adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)2Throug
20、h constant innovation of many years，the company has improved its product quality constantly.(constant)3In fact，I think animal attraction can be instantyou can see an elephant instantly go for another elephant.(instant)4I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class and no one will be tolerant
21、 of that.(tolerate)5The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.(impress)6The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was rec
22、ognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)7An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement.(settle)8The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable，so I have to a
23、ccept this new job.(press)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆typisttabletcapsuleswallow stewardess aspectcarriage steward citizenmask button manufactureimitate motivation goodspessimistic receiver representativeNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累 必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1as a result 结果；因此2be back on ones feet (困境后)恢复3take up your ti
24、me占用你的时间4suffer from the cold患感冒5slide into the room溜进房间6be greedy for power 贪图权力7(a) lack of experience缺乏经验8lose sight of this fact忽略这个事实9sweep up all the glass把玻璃清扫干净10speed up the car加快车速11remind me of the past使我想起过去12flee in all directions向四面逃去词汇积累1单复数意义不同的名词集锦 2男女有别3“v.from”短语荟萃suffer from 遭受re
25、sult from 因而起adapt from 从改编escape from 从逃脱benefit from 从中获益die from 死于date from 始于hear from 收到某人的来信NO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1“主语be形容词不定式”结构主动表被动英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.2过去分词短语作状语假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不
26、会变得如此自私和淘气。Given more attention and caring，the child wouldnt have become so selfish and naughty.3形容词在句中作原因状语由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。Too nervous，I couldnt think of anything at the beginning of the exam.However，I didnt worry but tried to calm myself down.4地点状语放于句首，句子用完全倒装在农场的房子的前面有一棵1
27、000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。In front of the houses on the farm stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years，which is protected by the government now.(2020新高考全国卷)授课提示：对应学生用书第148页1tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受写作佳句 If I were her staff，I really wouldnt tolerate being scolded by her every day.如果我是她的员工，我真的不能忍受每天被她责骂
28、。归纳拓展 (1)tolerate (ones/sb.) doing sth.容忍 (某人) 做某事(2)tolerance n宽容；宽恕tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的实战演练基础练透单句语法填空I cant tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a tolerant (tolerate)
29、smile and let him go.能力提升词汇升级When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to bear.When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put up with.实战贴士 “容忍；忍受”的种种表达tolerate vt.忍受bear vt.忍受stand vt.忍受put up with 忍受；容忍2lack vt.& vi. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺的东西写作佳句 They lack physical exer
30、cise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.他们缺乏身体锻炼和面对面与朋友交流的能力。归纳拓展 (1)for lack of因缺乏a lack of缺乏(2)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in缺少实战演练基础练透单句语法填空There is a lack of communication between the child and his parents.Though lacking (lack) money，his parents managed to get him wel
31、l educated.能力提升一句多译他缺乏与他人交流的技能，因此在比赛中失败了。He lacked the skill to communicate with others，so he failed in the competition.(lack vt.)He was lacking in the skill to communicate with others，so he failed in the competition.(lacking in)Lacking the skill to communicate with others，he failed in the competiti
32、on.(分词作状语)For lack of the skill to communicate with others，he failed in the competition.(介词短语)实战贴士 lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。3press vi.& vt. 按；压；逼迫 n. 按；压；印刷；新闻写作佳句 Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity.在朋友和家人
33、的催促下，我决定抓住机会。归纳拓展 (1)press.against/to.把压/挤/贴在press sb.to do sth.极力劝说/敦促/勉强某人做某事(2)pressure n压(力)；压强；强制put pressure on.给施压under pressure面临压力；受到压力 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空It is not wise to press them to leave (leave)here so early.In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure (press) or to die from h
34、eart attacks.I know studying is very important，but my parents put too much pressure on me.能力提升完成句子No matter how much pressure you are under，you will never give up halfway.无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途而废。4instant n. 瞬间；片刻 adj. 立即的；立刻的文化金句 The instant they arrived at our school，they couldnt wait to visit our tea ho
35、use，where a lot of tea sets were on display.他们一到我们学校，就迫不及待地参观我们的茶馆，那里陈列着许多茶具。(2018高考北京卷)归纳拓展 (1)for an instant一瞬间；顷刻in an instantinstantly立刻；马上(2)一就 实战演练基础练透完成语段At the gate of a bar，he came across his previous teacher.When asked what he was doing there，he couldnt answer for an instant (一瞬间) and left
36、 there in an instant (马上)The instant/Instantly he got home (他一到家)，he closed the door and was lost in thought.能力提升一句多译一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。The instant/moment/minute he arrived at the theatre，he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(instant/moment/minute)Instantly/Immediately/Directly h
37、e arrived at the theatre，he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(instantly/immediately/directly)On/Upon arriving at the theatre，he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.(on/upon)5take up 占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事写作佳句 Smartphones not only take up our valuable time，but
38、 also do great harm to our health.智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非常不利于我们的身体健康。归纳拓展 take off脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞take over接管；获得对的控制或管理take down写下；记下；拆除take in吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on呈现；雇用；承担；从事 实战演练基础练透一词多义We tried to find a table，but they were all taken up.占据I put the telephone down and took up my work again.继续He was eager
39、to take up some job.从事Im going to take up the challenge without arguing.接受 能力提升用take短语完成下面语段(take in，take on，take off，take over)After taking over the company from his father，he took in some advanced ideas and took on some skillful workers，which suggests that his company will take off soon.6lose sigh
40、t of. 看不见；忽略写作佳句 Only a shortsighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。归纳拓展 (1)catch sight of望见；看到come into sight进入视野内；映入眼帘lose sight of 看不到(2)at the sight of看到out of sight看不到；在视野之外 at first sight乍一看；初看时 实战演练基础练透用sight短语填空They fell in love at first sight，and thre
41、e months later，they got married.We must not lose sight of our original aim.At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.能力提升词汇升级I saw her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.I caught sight of her getting on the bus when I came out of th
42、e store.7过去分词(短语)作状语教材原句 Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。归纳拓展 (1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为动宾关系。 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空 Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.Located (locate)
43、in the central district，the Xian Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.Ordered(order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.能力提升一句多译从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。When it is seen from the top of the high building，the park looks even more beautiful.(时间状语从句)Seen from the top o
44、f the high building，the park looks even more beautiful.(分词作状语)Seeing from the top of the high building，I find the park even more beautiful.(分词作状语)8形容词(短语)作状语教材原句 Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。归纳拓展形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/句型转
45、换Seriously injured (injure)，he was sent to the nearest hospital at once.Luckily (lucky)，I passed the driving test easily.能力提升句型转换She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.She suddenly appeared，happy and satisfied.Because he was tired and hungry，they went into a restaurant.Tired and hungry
46、，they went into a restaurant.实战贴士 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。授课提示：对应学生用书第150页 教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(2018高考全国卷)And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.n.平板电脑(陕西卷)Peter will take up his post as t
47、he head of the travel agency at the end of next month.从事(福建卷)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone，and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.n.转换(重庆卷)What seems strange，however，is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men.Take a look at the way your clothe
48、s button. v扣上纽扣2一词多义(2020高考江苏卷)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us.CAn.代表；典型人物Badj.典型的Cadj.有代表性的(四川卷)After a week，the two groups switched with participants.AA转换B开关.语言运用高频点1语法填空(202
49、0高考浙江卷)A few characters are used to create a single impression (impress) growing out of the theme.(2019高考全国卷)This is what motivation (motivate) or the lack of it can do.(2018高考全国卷)Knowing some Chinese table manners will help you make a good impression (impress) on your Chinese friend.If something do
50、esnt suit you，just tell me ahead of time so that I can make necessary adjustments (adjust)(全国卷)Her lack of proper training in law got her rejected by the law firm.2完形填空(2020高考江苏卷)When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later，his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe
51、 that had happened to their lives.But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 .He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.AfantasticBextraordinaryCimpressiveDcatastrophic解析：词语复现题。根据前句find a way to deal with the catastrophe，可知此处用catastrophic“灾难性的”，
52、威尔逊没有把这次事故看作是灾难性的。fantastic极好的；extraordinary非凡的；impressive印象深刻的。故选D。答案：D(2019高考江苏卷)How can we bridge the everwidening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be
53、 a better 55 .AguideBtreatCexampleDcompanion解析：根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然地认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。选A。答案：A.书面表达亮点练1(2020高考全国卷)如果你有兴趣，请告诉我你是否有空。如果你能来指导我们，我将不胜感激。(guide)If you are interested, please let me know whether you will be available. I would appreciate it if you could come an
54、d guide us.2(广东卷)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。(tolerate)In some experts opinion，living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.3(广东卷)我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。(lack n)The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.4(广东卷)反过来，她的学生们呈现出了一个全新的面貌。(take on)In return, her students took
55、on a completely new look.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假定某英文报社向中学生征文，题目是“The House in the Future”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。如何智能化；怎样服务于人。Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)随着科技的发展，将来的房子在许多方面不仅智能而且贴心。With the development of science and technology，the house in the future will be smart and caring in many aspects.未来的房子由电脑控制，了
56、解主人的好恶，并能和主人交流。(分词短语作状语)Controlled by computers，the future house will learn about the masters likes and dislikes and communicate with him.它会发信息告诉主人缺乏日用品。It will send the master messages to inform its master there is a lack of daily goods.房子一意识到主人疲惫不堪，就会调节自身使环境更舒适。The instant/Instantly it senses its
57、master is exhausted，the house can adjust itself to make the surroundings comfortable.太阳能充电系统将回收利用水并把废物变为燃料，这对环境极为有利。A solar powered system will recycle water and turn waste into fuel.This is of great benefit to the environment.毫无疑问，未来的房子会给我们提供各种便利。There is no doubt that the house in the future will offer every convenience to us.Step 2升级平淡句利用非限制性定语从句升级句A solar powered system will recycle water and turn waste into fuel，which is of great benefit to the environment.
