1、题型组合训练十七（A）阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2017课标全国)San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning:February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of
2、some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery:Tour times upon requestDuration(时长):2 hoursPrice:$90Back to the Fifties TourRunning:August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Franciscos most fantastic perio
3、ds, the 1950s!Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery:5:00 pm and 7:30 pmDuration:2 hoursPrice:$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning:October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authent
4、ic fire gear(服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery:6:30 pm and 8:30 pmDuration:1 hour and 30 minutesPrice:Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning:December 6th through December 23rdThis attr
5、active tour takes you to some of San Franciscos most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery:7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.1.Which of the tours is availabl
6、e in March?A.San Francisco Winery Tour.B.Back to the Fifties Tour.C.Spooky Halloween Tour.D.Holiday Lights Tour.2.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?A.Go to Treasure Island.B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.C.Have free ice cream.D.Visit the Presidio district.3.What are tourists required to do
7、 to go on Holiday Lights Tour?A.Take some drinks.B.Set off early in the morning.C.Wear warm clothes.D.Make reservations in advance.答案语篇解读本文是一篇广告类文章。介绍了旧金山四项各具特色的游玩活动。1.A细节理解题。根据短文中对这四项活动的运行时间的介绍可知,第一项活动的时间是 February 1st through April 30th,即从2月1号一直到4月30号,所以答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二部分的 “as we take you throu
8、gh San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream”可知,参加这项游玩活动你可以品尝到免费的冰激凌,所以答案为C项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的最后一句话 “Advance reservations required.”可知,参加这项游玩活动需要提前预订,所以答案为D项。B(2018山东菏泽一模)Its easy to think that the globes vast oceans would be effective barriers to the movement of land animals. An elephant cant sw
9、im across the Pacific, after all. But it turns out that plenty of plants and animals have unintentionally floated across oceans from one continent to another. Now comes evidence that tiny trapdoor spiders(活板门蛛)made such a journey millions of years ago.Moggridgea rainbowi spiders can be found on Kang
10、aroo Island, which sits off the south coast of Australia. “These spiders build a silk-lined burrow(洞穴)in the ground,” noted Sophie Harrison, a biologist in Australia. The burrow and the trapdoor provide these spiders with shelter and protection. They also offer them an out-of-sight spot from which t
11、hey can wait for approaching prey(猎物).There is evidence, though, that the ancestors of them might have traveled millions of meters to get to Australia from Africa. That isnt as unlikely as it might at first seem. Australia used to be connected to other continents, long ago, as part of a supercontine
12、nt called Gondwana. And humans have been known to transport species(物种)all over the planet. But theres a third option. The spiders might have rafted(乘筏)long distances across the sea.To figure out which story was most likely true, Harrison and her colleagues looked at the spiders genes. They looked a
13、t the genes in seven Moggridgea rainbowi spiders from Kangaroo Island, and five species of Moggridgea rainbowi spiders from South Africa. The Australian and African spiders split off from a common ancestor some 2 million to 16 million years ago, the genes showed.If a large swatch(块)of land washes in
14、to the sea, filled with arachnids(蛛形纲动物), the spiders may be able to hide themselves throughout the journey. Plus, they can “hold their breath” and survive on stored oxygen during periods of temporary flooding, the researchers note.4.What is the common belief about land animals according to the text
15、? A.They are sensitive to natural disasters.B.They are unlikely to move across oceans.C.They cant make a long ocean voyage.D.They float across oceans accidentally.5.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The biologists.B.The Australians.C.The spiders.D.The prey.6.How did the
16、researchers conclude Australian and African spiders are from a common ancestor?A.By comparing their genes.B.By observing their living habits.C.By making changes to their genes.D.By studying their physical characteristics.7.What could be the best title for the text?A.These Spiders Traveled Globally t
17、o Hide ThemselvesB.These Spiders Became More Adaptive when TravelingC.These Spiders Crossed an Ocean to Australia for SurvivalD.These Spiders Crossed an Ocean to Become Australian Spiders答案语篇解读本文为说明文。研究表明:澳大利亚活板门蛛是几百万年前从非洲漂洋过海迁徙到澳大利亚的。4.B事实细节题。本题题干意为:根据本文,人们对陆地动物的普遍观点是什么?根据第一段第一句(人们会轻易地认为地球上的大洋可以有效阻
18、隔陆地动物的迁徙)可知答案为B项(它们不可能跨越海洋)。A项(它们对自然灾害很敏感),C项(它们不能长距离航海),D项(它们偶然漂过了海洋)在文中均未提及,故排除。5.C猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线词“them”指的是什么?代词them指代第二段中提到的spiders以避免重复,故答案为C项。6.A事实细节题。本题题干意为:研究者们是如何得出澳大利亚蜘蛛和非洲蜘蛛来自同一祖先这一结论的?根据第四段可知他们是通过基因检测得出结论的,故答案为A项(通过比较它们的基因)。B项(通过观察它们的生活习性),C项(通过改变它们的基因),D项(通过研究它们的身体特征)均未提及,故排除。7.D主旨大
19、意题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?本文的中心意思是阐述非洲蜘蛛漂洋过海迁徙到澳大利亚这一现象,故答案为D项(这些蜘蛛漂洋过海成了澳大利亚蜘蛛)。C(2018湖北八校二次联考)Whats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers?If you say bees or hummingbirds, you get it. You wont be the first if you mix the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history
20、 of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals searched for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to m
21、inimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located to others. “It was almost like an algorithm(算法) for efficient searching,” said David Pritchard, a biologist at the Univer
22、sity of St Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(认知)appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hum
23、mingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social;hummingbirds typically arent.“But however th
24、ey perceive(察觉到)or process information, they both experience similar information,” Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bees-eye view than a birds-eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make map
25、s when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matchinghoveri
26、ng, scanning snapshots of a place to their memory and using those as references later.8.What is the center of the research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s? A.Memory.B.Movement rules.C.Reward calculating.D.Information processing.9.Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the learni
27、ng ability of hummingbirds?A.Math.B.Biology.C.Ecology.D.Psychology.10.How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like other birds?A.By setting them free.B.By moving flowers.C.By matching view.D.By making maps.11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Hummingbirds and
28、BeesB.Hummingbirds in the LabC.New Trends in Studying BeesD.Thinking of Hummingbirds as Bees答案语篇解读本文为说明文。人们普遍把蜂鸟和蜜蜂混在一起考虑,一组研究人员欣然接受了这种做法并对蜂鸟和蜜蜂进行了研究。8.B事实细节题。本题题干意为:在20世纪70年代对蜂鸟和蜜蜂的研究中心是什么?根据题干中的“in the 1970s”可知答案区间在第二段。由其中的“Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which
29、 they visited flowers.”(那时的研究人员关注它们的运动规律,如:它们采花粉的顺序)可知答案为B项。A项(记忆力),C项(计算奖励),D项(信息处理)在第二段中均未提及,故排除。9.D事实细节题。本题题干意为:在研究蜂鸟的学习能力时(研究人员)使用了哪个学科的研究方法?根据文章第三段中的“Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab.(蜂鸟研
30、究人员在实验室把蜂鸟与其他鸟类进行对比并引用了心理学的方法研究了它们的学习能力。)”可知答案为D项(心理学)。10.B事实细节题。本题题干意为:研究人员是如何发现蜂鸟和其他鸟类不同的?根据最后一段中的“Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away fro
31、m where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location.(在长途飞行时,蜂鸟像其他鸟类那样,靠地标、距离和方向来绘制地图,但它们不用这些线索寻找花朵。把一朵花从蜂鸟认为其所在的位置挪动大约一英寸,蜂鸟还会在花朵原来的位置上方盘旋。)可知答案为B项(通过移动花朵)。A:通过释放它们;C:通过视图匹配;D:通过绘制地图。11.D主旨大意题。由全文大意并结合第一段中的“Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace o
32、ur history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.(现在一组研究人员甚至说我们应该欣然接受把这两种动物放在同一个组里考虑的历史。科学家研究蜜蜂的方法也可帮助他们研究蜂鸟的行为。)”可确定本题答案为D项(把蜂鸟看作蜜蜂)。DFrom December 511, millions of kids in over 180 countries will take part i
33、n The Hour of Code challenge, which coincides with Computer Science Week. It is organized by Seattle-based non-profit Code. org every year. It was created to inspire students of all backgrounds and ages to love computer science, and then consider a career in software engineering.During the Hour, whi
34、ch can be set aside any time of the week, participants can try programming using one or more of the free tutorials(教程) offered on the Code. orgs website.The sessions that are organized by age and experience level and available in 45 languages, begin with a brief introduction to computer science. The
35、n comes the fun partcoding. With tasks that include solving a problem for Disneys daring teenager Moana, taking Alex or Steve on an adventure through a Minecraft world, or building a Star Wars Galaxy, there is something to interest everyone.Started in 2013, The Hour of Code is now one of the biggest
36、 global learning events. While schools are the biggest participants, corporations(法人) have started organizing The Hour of Code events as well. For schools that want to go beyond the Hour, Code. org has created computer science courses. Available for elementary, middle, and high schools, they can be
37、used by educators to offer computer science as a subject during the school year. According to the non-profits website, over 43,000 teachers have undergone Code. orgs professional learning program to teach computer science to over one million students. Of these, 2,000 are high school teachers who aim
38、 to start a full-year computer science course in schools that have not offered the subject before.Though the 32 states that currently count computer science classes towards high-school math or science requirements are a big improvement over the 12 states that recognized the subject in 2013, there is
39、 still more to be done. But thanks to organizations like Code. org, things can only improve. To see how you and your school can participate in this exciting event,go to hourofcode. com.12.What is the Hour of Code designed for kids to do?A.Develop interest in computer science.B.Get to know Computer S
40、cience Week.C.Have a good command of science.D.Make a decision about their future jobs.13.What can students do if they attend The Hour of Code?A.Learn languages. B.Visit Disneyland.C.Learn to program.D.Go adventuring.14.What can we learn about The Hour of Code from the text?A.Its the biggest global
41、learning event.B.Only students liking computers can participate.C.Its a non-profit organization.D.Its an annual program.15.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To promote computer science.B.To introduce The Hour of Code.C.To show how to teach science.D.To let kids prepare for the future
42、.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了“编程一小时”这一全球范围内的活动,该活动有来自全球180多个国家数以千万计的学习者参加。12.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中It was created to inspire students of all backgrounds and ages to love computer science, and then consider a career in software engineering.可知其设计目的是激发学生对电脑科学的兴趣,从而选择软件工程领域的职业。13.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知参与者可以学习编程。14.D细节理解题。根据第一段中It is organized by Seattle-based non-profit Code. org every year.可知该活动每年举行一次。15.B写作意图题。本文主要介绍了“编程一小时”这一活动,故B项正确。