1、The worlds biggest animal cloning factory“China is building the worlds biggest animal cloning factory where it will recreate sniffer dogs, pets, horses and beef cattle，”the Xinhua news agency said.The factory will be built in the Tianjin EconomicTechnological Development Area.The construction of the
2、 main building has already begun and scientists had started working there in the first half of 2016.The project is being built by research institute Sinica, Beijing University, the Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, and South Koreas Sooam Biotech Research Foundation.Around 200 milli
3、on yuan has been invested in the centre, which will also include a gene storage area and a museum.Xu Xiaochun said the centre would produce 100,000 cattle embryos every year, and even a million later.He said farmers were now struggling to produce enough beef to meet demand.Researchers in China have
4、cloned sheep, cattle and pigs since 2000, but recently they have been looking to clone animals for nonscientific research.Chinas first commercial animal cloning centre was established in 2014 in the eastern Shandong Province.阅读障碍词institute n研究院embryos n胚胎commercialadj.商业的.Match the word with its mea
5、ning.1procedureArelated to business and the buying and selling of goods and services2undertake Ba way of doing sth., especially the usual or correct way3commercial Chonest and frank，easy to understand or do4forbid Dto contract to or commit oneself to (something) or (to do something) 5straightforward
6、 Eorder (sb.) not to do sth.6accumulate Fgradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of (sth.)7object Gan important new discovery in something you are studying8breakthrough Hto say that you disagree with答案：15BDAEC68FHG.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1All my
7、years of training as an explorer have finally paid off！得到回报，得到好结果2Large quantities of money have been collected to be sent to the refugees in the flooded area.大量的3Im in favour of equal pay for equal work.支持，赞成4Dont let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the exam.沮丧，不愉快5Internet has a great
8、impact on our society, life, way of thinking and values.对有很大作用/影响6Like many skills, guitar playing also comes with different techniques which differ from one person to another.与不同Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks with proper words.From the above pictures we may know that cloning is a way o
9、f making an exact copy of another animal or plant. Generally, cloning is divided into natural clone and manmade clone.Fastreading1Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.The text is mainly about the procedure of animal cloning and the life of Dolly the sheep as well as the reasons why cloning i
10、s still controversial.2Match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.Para.1AThe problems of Dolly the sheep.Para.2BThe two major uses of cloning.Para.3CThe attitudes towards Dollys appearance.Para.4DThe definition of cloning.Para.5EThe effect of cloning in society.答案：Paras. 15DBACE.Carefulrea
11、dingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _.Aits easier to clone a sheep than other animalsBthe scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceCthe scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyDmany attempts to clone mammals fa
12、iled2The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years.A3 B6 C9 D133We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _.ADollys appearance raised a storm of objectionsBDollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole worldCDolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help
13、 of cloning scientistsDthere were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning4Whats the authors real attitude to human cloning?ANegative. BPositive.CNeutral. DAngry.答案：14BDDC.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1It also happens in animals whe
14、n twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.句式分析when引导的是时间状语从句；identical in sex and appearance是形容词短语作定语，修饰twins；when引导的从句的主干是twins are produced。尝试翻译这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。2Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.句式分析尝试翻译接着
15、传来了多莉病重的坏消息。对应学生课下能力提升(五)阅读理解AThere are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit humans.Dr Richard Seed, one of the leading supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the aging process because of what we learn from cloning.Sci
16、entists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other industrialised countries.There has been a breakthrough wi
17、th human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produc
18、e needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) ar
19、e getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. M
20、any couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.语篇解读：本文作者从几个方面介绍了克隆技术给人类带来了好处。1According to Dr Richard Seed, we can use cloning technology to _.Aproduce more an
21、imalsBmake people live happilyCmake people look youngerDcure people of many diseases解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“to completely change the aging process”可知，Richard Seed认为克隆技术可以彻底改变变老的进程。因此推知，克隆技术可以使人们看上去更年轻。2We can learn from the passage that _.Acloning has already been used to treat heart diseaseBwe can treat
22、 a mans heart disease by cloning heartsCmost people in industrial countries suffer from heart diseaseDmore people die of heart disease than of other diseases in the US解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手，因此在美国死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。3What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AWith cloning inferti
23、le couples could have children.BTreatment of infertility is not successful.CInfertile couples suffer a lot physically and mentally.DIt is difficult for couples to have more children now.解析：选A段落大意题。联系全文可知，本文的主题是人类克隆技术。最后一段点明了现在治疗不孕的成功率很低，许多夫妇饱受煎熬，最后说明了利用人类克隆技术可以使不孕的夫妇有自己的孩子，因此A项正确。4What is the author
24、s attitude towards human cloning?ASupportive.BDoubtful.CCautious. DCurious.解析：选A推理判断题。根据文章第一句，特别是关键词benefit及第二至五段(都是讲人类克隆技术会给人类带来益处)可推知，作者对人类克隆技术持支持的态度。B“BANG！” the door caused a reverberation (回声). It was just standing there, with father standing on one side, and me on the other side.We were both i
25、n great anger.“Never set foot in this house again！” stormed father. With tears welling up in my eyes, I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street.The street lights were shining, causing rather sad feelings. I wandered aimlessly.A young father who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt
26、 as if I saw my childhood from another space: happy and carefree.But now . I dont know whether it is because I have grown up or because Dad is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. It feels like there is an iron door between us
27、that can never be opened.I wandered the streets, without a destination in mind. My_heart_was_frozen_on_this_hot_summer_night. As I walked on, there were fewer and fewer people on the streets, until I had only the street lights to keep me company. When I finally reached the highrise apartment block i
28、n which I lived, I saw that the light was still on.I thought to myself，“Is father waiting for me, or is he still angry with me？”In fact, it was nothing. Perhaps, Dad was throwing away some of his old stamps. Perhaps he thought they were useless. I never had the courage to tell him that I liked colle
29、cting stamps.All the lights were off except fathers.Dad was always like this. Maybe he didnt know how to express himself. After shouting at me, he never showed any mercy or any moments of regret.This was how he always was. He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has be
30、come his second nature.The light was still on.“Am I wrong？”I whispered, maybe . With the key in my hand, I was as nervous as I had ever been. At last, I decided to open the door. As soon as I opened the door, tears ran down my cheeks. I suddenly realized that the iron door that I had imagined betwee
31、n us did not exist at all. Love its second to none.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者与父亲吵架后负气出走，在街上游荡了一会儿后才回家。当他打开门时，却被父亲浓浓的爱意感动得热泪盈眶，此时横在父子之间的那道铁门也消融了。5Which is the correct order of the following events according to the passage?aI opened the door and entered the house.bI ran out into the street angrily.cI reached th
32、e place where I lived and saw my house still brightly lit.dI recalled my happy childhood.eI began to walk about in the street without any aim.Ae，b，d，c，a Bb，e，d，c，aCb，e，c，d，a De，b，c，a，d解析：选B细节理解题。通读全文可知，作者与父亲吵架后负气出走，在街上游荡了一段时间后想起了自己的童年，最后回到了自己住的地方，推开房门进了屋。故选B。6Which of the following statements is TRU
33、E according to the passage?AThe author fully understood why he and his father had different thinking.BThe authors father didnt approve of his stamp collecting.CThe author and his father lacked communication.DThe authors father opened the door for him when he came back.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第五段后三句可知，作者和父亲的思维方
34、式不同，两个人好像是来自不同的世界，作者感觉自己和父亲之间有一道铁门。由此可推知，作者和父亲之间缺乏沟通。故选C。7According to the author, why did his father often shout at him?APerhaps the father was getting older and older.BPerhaps the son had already grown up.CPerhaps they never agreed with each other.DPerhaps the father had been used to doing that.解析
35、：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Dad was always like this.”以及倒数第二段中的“telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature”可知，父亲经常对儿子大喊大叫且已习以为常了。故选D。8What did the author mean by the underlined sentence“My heart was frozen on this hot summer night.”？AHe felt lonely because there were so few people on the s
36、treet.BHe felt uncomfortable because it was a very hot night.CHe was completely disappointed with his father.DHe was at a loss because he had nowhere to go.解析：选C句意理解题。通读全文可知，作者是在和父亲吵架生气后才在街上闲逛的。画线句子描述的是作者在街上闲逛时的心情。由“My heart was frozen”可知，父亲的行为让作者很伤心。故选C。COlav Brutolsen was the most terrible person
37、of all the Vikings. With just his bare hands he could defeat a bull in a matter of seconds. To make sure people knew just who he was, his helmet and cloak were decorated with his victory souvenirs. On his helmet were over a hundred horns, and on his cloak were a thousand precious stones; one stone f
38、or each enemy he had defeated.In his city everyone would make way for him as he went by, but one day a young man who was absentmindedly reading as he walked, bumped into Olav. Olav was furious. He scolded the young man and challenged him to a fight to the death. The skinny young man had no choice; a
39、ll he could do was accept on one condition：“I cant see very well, and I dont know you, so Ill need you to keep your helmet and cloak on during the fight so I can make you out.”Olav laughed a hearty laugh and accepted the young mans stupid condition before launching himself at the youth. The young ma
40、n was swift, and he only just managed to slip through Olavs hands. The same happened each time Olav attacked, and as the fight went on it became easier for the young man to evade_ the attacks. Although no one could believe how the man was doing, they all expected him to fall down dead as soon as Ola
41、v landed the first blow.But that blow never came. Olav had been attacking for more than five minutes, and after ten minutes he fell to the ground, as if dead.Many onlookers thought the young man must be some kind of wizard, but the man, who was a medical student by the name of Virtensen, had demonst
42、rated to everyone how Olavs pride had been enough to make him fall under the weight of his helmet and cloak. When Olav came to his feet, like a good warrior he accepted his defeat. From that day he got rid of the useless souvenirs on his helmet and cloak, and returned to simple clothing. Now whereve
43、r he walked he was just like anyone else. Everywhere, that is, except for when he walked on the battlefield, where he came to be recognised not for his many horns or his bejewelled cloak, but for his unparalleled force.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是维京人中最厉害的人奥拉夫，他勇猛无比，能赤手空拳在几秒钟之内打败一头公牛。但是他非常骄傲，在头盔和斗篷上装饰纪念品以展示自
44、己的伟大成绩。人们非常害怕他，但是一个聪明的年轻人利用他的骄傲打败了他。从此奥拉夫不再骄傲。9Olav put souvenirs on his helmet and cloak in order to _.Ascare off all his opponentsBstick to his different dressing styleCdemonstrate his great achievementsDshow his unparalleled fighting skills解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“To make sure people knew just who he
45、was, his helmet and cloak were decorated with his victory souvenirs.”可知，奥拉夫用他的胜利纪念品装饰他的头盔和斗篷是为了展示他的伟大成绩。故选C项。10Why did the young man win the fight?AHe took advantage of Olavs pride.BHe was a stronger warrior than Olav.CHe used wizard magic against Olav in the fight.DHe was experienced in fighting me
46、n of bigger size.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，这个年轻人充分利用了奥拉夫的骄傲，让他穿着代表着自己胜利的沉重的头盔和斗篷与自己战斗，结果他因为这些负重累倒在地，失去了战斗力，被年轻人打败。因此推断，这个年轻人赢得战斗是因为他利用了奥拉夫的骄傲。故选A项。11The underlined word “evade” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”Alaunch BavoidCblock Dbeat解析：选B词义猜测题。根据上文可知，奥拉夫戴着沉重的头盔和穿着斗篷与这个年轻人决斗，年轻人是敏捷的，成功地躲过了奥拉夫每一次攻击，随着
47、战斗的继续，年轻人能够更加容易地躲过奥拉夫的攻击。所以画线词evade意为“躲避”，与avoid同义。故选B项。12What do we know about Olav?AThe young man took all of Olavs souvenirs.BOlav fell to the ground out of embarrassment.CNo enemies strength can match Olavs in battles.DPeople always got in Olavs way after the fight.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，除了在战场上
48、，奥拉夫不再因为装饰着纪念品的头盔和斗篷而是因为他无与伦比的力气而为人所知。因此可知，在战斗中没有一个敌人的力气能比得上奥拉夫。故选C项。CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new o
49、nes. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it i
50、s valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid
51、 off in 1996 with a breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep. The procedure works like this：1Female sheep A provides an egg cell.2The nucleus is removed from the egg cell.3The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus.4Female sheep B provides a somatic cell for the clone. The nucleus of this cell conta
52、ins all the genes needed to produce a new sheep.5The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell.6The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity.7The cell divides and grows into an embryo.8The embryo is put into female sheep C, who becomes the carrier of the clone.9
53、The lamb is the clone of the donated cell from Sheep B which provided the nucleus.On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Do
54、lly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cl
55、oned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: “Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure？”On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great i
56、mpact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, n
57、ewspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and
58、the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. 克隆：它将把我们引向何方？克隆一直与我们同在，而且它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培养新植物时，就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一
59、个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。克隆技术有两个主要用途。第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的商用植物；第二，它在对新植物物种的研究以及对动物的医学研究方面都是有价值的。克隆植物比较简单，然而克隆动物就非常复杂了。这是一项很难完成的任务。克隆哺乳动物的多次尝试都失败了。但是科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。它的程序如下图所示：1母羊A提供一个卵细胞。2从卵细胞中移走细胞核。3卵细胞准备接受新的细胞核。4母羊B提供一个供克隆的躯干细胞，该细胞核包含生产一头新羊所需要的全部基因。5取出该躯干细胞的细胞核。6用电把
60、母羊B的躯干细胞核和母羊A的卵细胞连接起来。7细胞分裂并生长成胚胎。8把胚胎置入另外一头寄生的母羊C体内，母羊C就是克隆羊的代孕。9这头小羔羊就是提供细胞核的母羊B所提供的细胞克隆而成的。一方面，整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成长。多莉羊看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家们发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老得多的动物身上，这让他们很沮丧。多莉总共存活了六年半，这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。可悲的是，同样无法控制的命运也在影响着其他物种，如克隆鼠。所有科学家的脑海里产生的问题是“这是不是所有克隆动物的一个主要困难呢？这种现象会不会永远发生？如果
61、改进他们的研究程序，问题会不会解决呢？”另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。它引起了争议。它突然打开了人们的眼界，使人们看到了有可能利用克隆技术来治疗重病，甚至还有可能克隆出人类。尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸报道说，有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。宗教领袖也提出了道德方面的问题。政府变得惶恐不安而且更加谨慎。有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究，但是其他国家，如中国和英国，则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供的丰富的医疗帮助的证据。然而，科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术将把我们引向何方感到困惑。