1、专题二名词、冠词、代词和数词在高考中,涉及名词的考点主要包括名词复数、名词所有格等;涉及冠词的考点主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法;代词考点主要包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等的用法;数词考点主要包括基数词和序数词的用法。名词单句填空1.(2018课标全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and ear
2、ly deaths from all (cause).答案causes此处的cause是可数名词,表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知,应该使用其复数形式,故填causes。2.(2017课标全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical
3、community was trying to fight.答案effects根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知,应用effect的复数形式。3.(2017课标全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads ab
4、ove as they travelled to and from work.答案crowds根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词,crowd表示“人群”,是可数名词,前面没有限定词,所以用名词的复数形式。4.The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mumshe never suspects.答案daysevery few days表示“每隔几天”,此处应该使用名词的复数形式days。
5、一般情况下在词尾直接加-smouthmouths,househouses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglassglasses,matchmatches以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escountrycountries,factoryfactories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接+-sholidayholidays,monkeymonkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spianopianos,photophotos有些在词尾加-esheroheroes,potatopotatoes以-f,-fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v+-esselfselves
6、,wolfwolves少数直接加-sroofroofs,beliefbeliefs单复数同形deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species词形变化manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, toothteeth, footfeet, mousemice合成名词的复数将主体名词变为复数:passer-bypassers-by, looker-onlookers-on无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:grown-upgrown-ups, stand-bystand-bys名词前有man或woman修饰man/wo
7、man和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:woman doctorwomen doctors,man teachermen teachers。一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的有:milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), roo
8、m(空间), man(人类)等。抽象名词(不可数)具体化(表达具体的概念时,是可数名词)in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事achieve success获得成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honour赢得荣誉an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)failure失败a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)with pleasure乐意a pleasure一件乐事-s所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-s。如:Johns home约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-。如:studen
9、ts textbooks 学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-s。如:childrens game 孩子们的游戏。of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如:the title of the article文章的标题;the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字。双重所有格双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these
10、,those 等修饰,但不能用the。如:a picture of my mothers我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;this little cat of your sisters你妹妹的这只小猫。冠词单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.答案the考查冠词。句意:在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中,有3个数量在降低,有6个是稳定的,1个在增加,
11、还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指,故填定冠词the。2.(2019课标全国卷)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was joke.答案a考查冠词。此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”,joke为可数名词,在此处表示泛指,且joke以辅音音素开头,故填a。3.(2018课标全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.答案th
12、e此处特指过去的25年,故用the。4.(2017课标全国卷)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案a句意:结果,人们会吃更多的食物来努力弥补所缺失的东西。as a result结果。5.(2017课标全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying
13、the track and then building a strong roof over top.答案the此处表特指,所以用定冠词the修饰名词。6.(2017课标全国卷)Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New York.答案amodel为可数名词,此处表示泛指,故填a。用在第一次提到或出现的单数可数名词前,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.那时,我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车零件
14、。用于单数可数名词前,泛指一类人或事物,或指同类中的“一个”。The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平、发展的梦。表示数量“一”,但不强调数量概念;或表示“任何一个”。Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their pl
15、aying the piano.那天上午晚些时候,Dario建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信,为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。用在表示人名的专有名词前,表示“一个叫的人” “一个类似的人” “一部的作品”。Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be a Beethoven. Brian在作曲上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to
16、make a first impression.第一印象最持久。毕竟,你决不可能再有一个机会给别人留下一个第一印象。不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词:success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰苦的时期,能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。有些不可数名词如knowledge, understanding等后
17、面加of.时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a good knowledge of.“精通”;have a clear understanding of.“清楚地了解”。If you dont have a good knowledge of English, its out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.如果你不精通英语的话,灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。固定搭配all of a sudden突然地;as a matter of fact事实上;at a loss不知所措,困惑;pay a visit t
18、o参观,拜访;be/go on a diet节食;give sb. a lift让某人搭便车;have a gift for在方面有天赋;have a word with与谈话;make a fool of 愚弄;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way在某种程度上;keep an eye on 留意,留神;make a living谋生;once in a while偶尔;as a result/consequence 因此,结果定冠词前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时,或谈话双方都知道的人或物前,一般要加定冠词,表特指。Take your timeits just a short dist
19、ance from here to the restaurant.不要着急,从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前,表特指。I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫。用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妻俩;或用于单数可数名词、形容词或形容词化的过去分词前,表示一类人或物。Soldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins, and th
20、e government provided food, clothes and shelters for the homeless.士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人,政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。用于表示朝代、年代的名词前,表示“在朝代/年代”。Its said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏被大量种植。在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。As is known to all, the Peoples Repub
21、lic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。定冠词用于“by+the+表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中,表示“按计算”。但size, weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.据说,约翰将获得一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。Right, he will also get paid by the week.是的,他的工资将按周支付。
22、用于“动词(hit, strike, pull, take等)+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”结构中,其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hit sb. on the head 打某人的头pull/take sb. by the hand拉/抓住某人的手strike sb. on the back打某人的背用于“the+比较级, the+比较级(越,越)”结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心,你犯的错误就越少。at the moment此刻,目前;by the way顺便说一下;in th
23、e way 阻碍,挡路;go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧;in the distance在远处;in the habit of有的习惯;make the most/best of 充分利用;not in the least 一点也不;on the contrary与此相反;on the other hand另一方面;the other day 几天之前;to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话;to the point中肯,切题;take the place of 代替;for the time being 暂时零冠词复数名词、不可数名词、抽象
24、名词或物质名词表泛指时,其前不加冠词。(2018北京卷)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.当我们感到愤怒时,愤怒似乎很简单,但愤怒出现的原因却多种多样。名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时不用冠词。(2018天津卷)Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.灭火器安置在每栋公寓的
25、每个楼层。表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前通常用零冠词。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们说:“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Of all the subjects, I like history best becau
26、se it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.在所有科目中,我最喜欢历史,因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary became a good manager.多年的努力之后,汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名出色的经理。as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词放在句首,名词前不用冠词Good choice as/though it may be, he has
27、 decided to give it up.尽管它可能是一个不错的选择,但他还是决定放弃。at dawn/dusk/night/noon在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午;on/catch fire着火;by mistake错误地;by chance/accident碰巧;in history在历史上;under repair在维修中;hand in hand 手拉手;do harm to对有害;on purpose故意地;in place在正确的位置;in danger处于危险中;make room for为让出空间;in return作为回报;at present 目前;ahead of time
28、 提前;in advance 提前;lose heart 灰心;out of control失控有无冠词意义不同的搭配at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁at school在上学at the school在学校 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里in charge of掌管 in the charge of由掌管代词单句填空1.(2018课标全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half
29、the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.答案it/running句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。2.(2018课标全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) al
30、ive.答案them人称代词作宾语时,要用其宾格。空格前面是动词find,空格处应用宾格,故填them,指代上文的gorillas。3.(2017课标全国卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.答案it本题考查代词。此处指代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。4.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old t
31、win that had been rejected by (it) mother.答案its此处应该使用it的形容词性物主代词its作定语,修饰名词mother。1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格作主语Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格作宾语meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性物主代词作定语myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词作主语、宾语或表语mineoursyoursyourshishers/theirs反身代词作宾语、表语或同位语myse-lfourse-lvesyour-self
32、your-selveshim-selfher-selfitselfthem-selves特别提醒人称代词的主格多作句子主语;宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语,也可作表语或同位语。在口语中,常用人称代词的宾格作表语。特别注意:人称代词指代的数前后要一致。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语,不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、表语和宾语,也可与of连用作后置定语,但不能单独作定语。含有反身代词的习惯用语:by oneself单独地,独自地;for oneself亲自,为自己;devote oneself to 致力于;apply
33、oneself to 专心致志于;enjoy oneself 过得愉快;help oneself to 随便吃,随便用;make yourself at home 别拘束;seat oneself 坐下;behave oneself 举止得体;come to oneself恢复知觉,苏醒过来;adapt/adjust oneself to适应;abandon oneself to沉迷于,放纵于;express oneself 表达某人的思想;lose oneself in (=be lost in)迷失;say to oneself心里想;talk to oneself自言自语2.不定代词ea
34、ch/everyeach指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”,可与of短语搭配;every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”,在句中只作定语,不可与of短语搭配。all/bothboth表示“两者都”;all 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)所有,全部”。either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”;neither表示“两者都不”。none/nothing/no one/nobodynone指人或物,表特指,表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个,没有一点”,可与of短语连用;nothing指物,表泛指,表示“没有任何东西,没有事”,不与of短语连用;no one/n
35、obody 指人,表泛指,不与of短语连用。another泛指“另一个”。other/othersother泛指“另外一些”,只作定语,常与可数名词复数连用;others泛指“其余的人或物”,相当于other+复数名词。the others/the otherthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”;the other+可数名词复数=the othersfew/a fewfew表示“很少人/事物”;a few表示“有些人/事物”,修饰或指代复数名词。little/a littlelittle表示“不多的”;a little表示“少量的,一些”,修饰或指代不可数名词。many/muchma
36、ny表示“许多”,修饰或指代可数名词复数;much表示“许多”,修饰或指代不可数名词。不定代词用于习惯搭配中nothing but仅仅;只是anything but 决不 something of 有几分;略微or something 诸如此类的人或物 every other day 每隔一天each other (两者)相互one another (三者或三者以上)相互one.another.(三者或三者以上)一个另一个one.the other.(两者中)一个另一个some.others.一些另一些特别提醒部分否定和全部否定(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing,
37、 not.any/either以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定;(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“every+名词”与not 连用时,表部分否定;(3)not与总括性副词,如everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时,也表示部分否定。While I agree with the most of what you said, I dont agree with everything.尽管我同意你的大部分说法,但并不同意所有的。Shed lived in London and Manchester, but sh
38、e liked neither and moved to Cambridge.她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过,但是两地她都不喜欢,因此她搬到了剑桥。Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪,但是除了我之外没人怀疑它(的正确性)。Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.Niki总是会有很多想法,但是据我所知没有一个想法是有用的。This project requires close teamwo
39、rk. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together. 这个项目需要密切的合作。除非我们通力合作,否则将一事无成。To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己,那个海员坐在火堆前,两只赤脚互相蹭着。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.在一些国家,人们用筷子吃
40、饭,而在另外一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。3.it的用法指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府努力提高就业率,大城市的就业率不断上升。用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句it作形式主语的常用句型:It+be+adj.+for/of sb.+to do It i
41、s no good/use doing sth.Its (well) worth doing.It+be+名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/.)+that从句It+不及物动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./.)+that从句It+be+过去分词+that从句It takes sb. time/money to do sth.it作形式宾语的常用句型:主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make.+it+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do/that从句主语+think/believ
42、e/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.+it+no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy.+doing.含有it的常考短语或句型It depends.视情况而定。Take it easy.别着急。believe it or not信不信由你make it获得成功,准时到达take it for granted that.认为是理所当然的as someone puts it像某人所说的那样When it comes to.当涉及/谈到Its (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.是某
43、人该做某事的时候了Its the first/second/.time that sb. have/has done sth.这是某人第一次/二次/次做某事It is/has been.since.自从多久了It will be/was.before.要过时间才强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.4.替代词it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物,不带任何修饰语。We had just rented a car. It looked very old.我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。one替代上文出现的“a/an+单数可数名词”,表泛指,同类不同物。Mr. Zhang gave
44、 me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物一件我从来没有见过的礼物。onesone的复数形式,替代上文出现的复数名词,表泛指,同类不同物。that替代上文出现的“the+不可数名词或单数可数名词”,表特指,同类不同物。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语。In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK. 在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。those替代上文出
45、现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时),表特指,同类不同物。The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。数词单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷改编)Then, when I was in the fifth(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.答案fifth考查数词。此处表达的是“我在读五年级时”,应用序数词作名词grade的定语。故填fifth。2.(2017课标全国卷
46、改编)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth(eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.答案eighteenth考查数词。此处表示第18个生日,因此使用序数词。基数词基数词在句中主要作主语、表语、同位语、宾语和定语。Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number in some western countries.在一些西方国家,13被看作是一个不吉利的数字。hundred, thousand, million, billion等词和of连用时,表示概数,需用复数
47、形式,与具体数字连用时使用单数形式。Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years.大部分的冰已经在那里数千年了。逢十的基数词的复数形式可表示年龄,用在“in ones+基数词的复数”结构中。He began to learn English in his fifties.他在五十多岁时开始学习英语。逢十的基数词的复数形式可表示年代,用在“in the+基数词的复数或所有格”结构中。This custom was very common in the 1960s/1960s.这个风俗在20世纪60年代很常见。序数词序数词在句中主要作主
48、语、表语、宾语和定语,前面一般要加定冠词或物主代词He celebrated his 18th birthday yesterday. 昨天,他庆祝了他的18岁生日。序数词可以和不定冠词连用,表示“再一,又一”等含义。The book is very interesting. I want to read it a second time.这本书非常有意思。我想再读一遍。序数词一般是由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加-eth。如twentieth, fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first, second, third, fifth, eig
49、hth, ninth, twelfth。1.如何判断词性及确定名词单复数(1)根据题干的语法结构,特别是设空处前的限定词判断词性:冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。(2)根据句法结构判断词性:如果所填词在句中作主语、宾语、同位语时,一般用所给词的名词形式。(3)确定词性为名词后,根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成适当的形式;然后再根据名词本身确定可数与不可数。如果名词可数,则需根据其前限定词及谓语动词的形式来确定名词的单复数形式。2.冠词解题两步法(1)判断设空处后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词,是单数还是复数。(2)根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或
50、不可数名词表泛指,其前不加任何冠词;单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词,表特指时要用定冠词the。3.如何正确判断代词(1)通过句子成分确定填什么代词。如果句中缺主语,则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;如果缺宾语,则可填人称代词宾格;如果宾语与主语是指同一人,则应用反身代词。(2)通过句式结构判断是否填it。例Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.分析句意:如果你能提前告知我你是否会来,我将不胜感激。Id appreciate it if.为固定句型,意为“如
51、果,我将不胜感激”。it在该句型中作形式宾语,指代下文if从句的内容。.单句填空1.(2019吉林一调)Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body (benefit).答案benefits考查名词。句意:实际上,不同的睡眠阶段会给你的大脑和身体带来不同形式的好处。设空处作give的宾语,需用名词形式;根据 different types of 可推知此处需填名词复数形式,故填benefits。2.(2019河北衡水中学一调)To the citizens in Hangzhou, t
52、he best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and (compete)close to home.答案competitions句意:对于杭州市民来说,最好的是它将给我们提供在家门口观看世界级比赛的机会。设空处与名词matches一起作watch的宾语,故设空处填名词,表示“比赛”;competition为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故填competitions。3.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考)Nowadays, of course, the harmful (effec
53、t) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known.答案effects句意:当然,现在吸烟和含糖饮料的不良影响已经众所周知。句中谓语部分为have been well known,故effect要用复数形式,故填effects。4.(2019湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years, but (express)from them have entered various languages.答案expressions句意
54、:这些寓言不仅本身已经存在了近1,500年,而且里面的一些词语已经被收录到各种语言中了。设空处表示“词语”,在后半句中作主语,需用名词形式;根据设空处后的have entered可推知设空处需用名词复数形式,故填expressions。5.(2019江西新余期中)Sometimes theres so much work for you to deal with and you feel its beyond your ability to fulfill it. Actually, you can take (measure) to help yourself.答案measures句意:有时
55、候,你有太多的工作要处理,而你觉得完成它超出了你的能力。事实上,你可以采取措施来帮助自己。measure作“措施,方法”讲时,为可数名词。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”,故此处应用复数形式。6.(2019吉林一调)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while were awake during the day, were building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.答案a考查冠词。句意:但实际上,小睡是一把双刃剑,因为当我们在白天醒着的
56、时候,我们在不断增加睡意或睡眠压力。设空处后的double-edged sword在本句中表泛指,故填不定冠词a。7.(2019浙江金丽衢十二校二次联考)10% of life is made up of what happens to you and 90% of life is decided by how you react. What does this mean? Let us use example.答案an句意:生活的10%是由发生在你身上的事情构成,生活的90%则由你的反应而决定。这意味着什么?让我们举例说明。example在本句中表示泛指,需与不定冠词连用;example以元
57、音音素开头,故填an。8.(2019湖北孝感二次联考)Xu Jin was born in a medical family. Under influence of his family, he chose medical specialty without hesitation.答案the句意:徐进生在一个医学世家,在其家族的影响下,他毫不犹豫地选择了医学专业。under the influence of.在的影响下,故设空处填the。9.(2019陕西宝鸡中学三模)She starts off at the same time from the same place as first dr
58、iver, but she drives aimlessly around.答案the此处表示“第一位司机”,first为序数词,故在其前面加定冠词the。10.(2019湖南长沙一模)After work, he learned to play guitar. He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple.答案the/his考查冠词或物主代词。guitar为西洋乐器,与play连用时需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系,故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。11.(2019山西太原期中)In return, bo
59、okstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.答案it句意:作为回报,书店提升了购物中心的文化氛围,所以这样的合作是双赢的。设空处作形式主语,真正的主语是to have such cooperation,故答案为it。12.(2019陕西汉中一模)When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why has this special fea
60、ture.答案it句意:当我对这种食品有了更多的了解时,我开始明白它为什么有这种特色。设空处指代the food,在why引导的宾语从句中作主语,故填it。13.(2019陕西咸阳二模)There is also a growing trend towards late marriage: since 2013, the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than of younger couples.答案that句意:(人们)晚婚的趋势也越来越明显:2013年以来,25岁到29岁的夫妇的数量一直都多于更为年轻的夫妇的数量。设空处
61、指代the number,表示同类异物,故用that。14.(2019河南八市重点高中质检)For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons. For , most books are sold at a lower price.答案another句意:一方面,它们有助于开阔我们的视野。另一方面,大多数书都以较低的价格出售。for one thing., for another.为固定搭配,意为“一方面另一方面”。15.(2019江西六校联考)Failure is part of our life. has achieved great succ
62、ess without lots of failure.答案Nobody句意:失败是我们生活的一部分。没有人不经历过多次失败就获得巨大成功。根据句意可知,此处表示否定意义,指“没有人”,故填Nobody。.语法填空(2019湖北华中师大一附中5月押题考)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy classes ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing there. At that moment, I could
63、nt have known that Id just made one of the best 1 (choose) of my life. I sat down and listened to the teacher 2 (introduce) the tools of the craft. Then it was time for me to try my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, 3(dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote “one” 4 Chinese.After
64、nearly five years of practicing, I started to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 5 connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(一笔)by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 6 (appreciate) my daily life. Now, call
65、igraphy is not just 7 hobby;it is a way to remove myself from the 8(worry) of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy 9 (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live 10 (peace).1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案语篇解读本文介绍了一个外国人的中国书法情缘。1.choices考查名词。此处指我做出了一生中最好的选择之一。根据题干中的one of可知,
66、此处要用名词的复数形式。2.introducing考查非谓语动词。句意:我坐下来听老师介绍这门艺术所需的工具。listen to sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。宾语the teacher与设空处的宾补之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。3.dipped考查动词时态。本句中有并列连词and连接三个并列的谓语动词(短语):took up, dipped和wrote,均为一般过去时,故填dipped。4.in考查介词。此处意为:我认真地写了一个汉字“一”。表达使用某种语言,要用介词in。5.which考查定语从句。句意:书法就像一座桥,把我和几个世纪前的作家们联系在一起。设空
67、处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词为bridge,关系代词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词which引导。6.to appreciate考查不定式。此处意为“我学会了欣赏我的日常生活”。learn to do sth.学会做某事。7.a考查冠词。此处意为“现在,书法不仅仅是一个业余爱好了”。不定冠词表示泛指。8.worries考查名词。此处意为“它还是一种让我摆脱生活中的烦恼的方式”。此处指的是生活中遇到的各种烦恼,要用名词复数。9.enables考查主谓一致。句意:书法使我能够平衡繁忙的日程并平和地生活。设空处是句子的谓语动词,最后一段描述的都是客观事实,时态用一般现在时。主语是单数,所以谓语动词要用单数形式。10.peacefully考查副词。设空处修饰动词live,所以要用其副词形式。